This document summarizes recent radiation measurement efforts led by Ryugo Hayano including:
1. Whole-body counter surveys of over 2700 babies and small children in Fukushima Prefecture which found nobody had detectable levels of radiocaesium.
2. Measurements using D-shuttle devices that tracked external radiation doses of French students visiting Fukushima and found no significant differences between locations.
3. An upcoming study comparing individual external radiation doses of high school students living in Japan, France, Poland and Belarus using D-shuttle devices.
Demand for higher education is increasing globally with enrollment projected to increase to 263 million students by 2025. However, rising student debt and questioning of education's value is occurring as costs skyrocket. Digital technologies allow for near zero cost copying and distribution of content. This has led to growth in open educational resources including open courseware, textbooks, and journals which are freely available and can be customized. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are also increasing but challenges remain regarding faculty adoption of open resources and ensuring quality. Open licensing of publicly funded educational resources maximizes sharing and returns on investments, benefiting learning.
This document provides a personal recollection from a physicist named Ryugo Hayano about the 2011 Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident in Japan and its aftermath. It describes the events of the accident, the radiation levels and health effects observed, the food safety testing and regulations put in place, and Hayano's role in communicating scientific information about radiation on Twitter to allay public fears in the years following the incident.
2015.12.12 Measure and Communicate - what worked and what didn't :測って、伝える。- で...Ryu Hayano
?
福島ダイアログイニシアティブ国際ワークショップ「原子力事故後の生活状況の回復」でのスライド
狠狠撸s presented at the "International Workshop on the Fukushima dialogue initiative "Rehabilitation of living conditions after the nuclear accident"
The "d-shuttle project" paper, authored primarily by students from Fukushima High School, was published online on November 27 in the Journal of Radiological Protection. This study involved 216 participants from high schools in Japan, France, Poland, and Belarus, who measured individual external radiation doses using personal dosimeters over a two-week period. The findings indicate that doses in Fukushima and Belarus are consistent with background radiation levels from other regions.
"Fukushima and radiation monitoring" - comparison of external radiation expos...Ryu Hayano
?
The 'D-Shuttle' project measured and compared the individual external doses of high-school students from Japan, France, Poland, and Belarus to assess radiation exposure following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster. The study found that high school students in Fukushima do not experience significantly higher levels of radiation compared to their peers elsewhere, despite surrounding soil contamination. This research involved 216 participants who used personal dosimeters for dose measurements over a two-week period.
Three BABYSCAN units have been deployed in Fukushima prefecture to measure internal radiation exposure in children under 130 cm. The BABYSCAN is a highly sensitive whole body counter that can detect radiation levels below 50 Bq per body. It has been used to scan approximately 1000 babies so far, and none have shown detectable levels of Cesium-134 or Cesium-137. While internal radiation exposure is scientifically unnecessary to measure, communicating the results to parents is essential to alleviate concerns about radiation exposure in their children.
Documentul prezint? rezultatele testelor de contaminare cu cesiu ?n ?colile din Prefectura Fukushima, utiliz?nd datele colectate p?n? ?n decembrie 2013. Analiza arat? c? nivelurile de cesiu-134 ?i cesiu-137 sunt foarte sc?zute, majoritatea rezultatelor fiind sub limitele de detectare. De asemenea, s-a men?ionat c?, dup? trecerea la orez local, nu s-au detectat cesium ?n produsele alimentare ?colare din Fukushima City.
1. Cesium levels in school lunches in Fukushima prefecture, as detected by whole-meal testing using gel machines, have mostly been very low or undetectable, even after Fukushima City switched to using locally grown rice.
2. Graphs are provided showing cesium detection results over time for school lunches in various cities and towns in Fukushima prefecture, with most results being below detection limits.
3. Data is available on a website for cesium detection results in school lunches from Fukushima City and other locations from 2013 to the present.
Three BABYSCAN units have been deployed in Fukushima prefecture to measure internal radiation exposure in children under 130 cm. The BABYSCAN is a highly sensitive whole body counter that can detect radiation levels below 50 Bq per body. It has been used to scan approximately 1000 babies so far, and none have shown detectable levels of Cesium-134 or Cesium-137. While internal radiation exposure is scientifically unnecessary to measure, communicating the results to parents is essential to alleviate concerns about radiation exposure in their children.
Documentul prezint? rezultatele testelor de contaminare cu cesiu ?n ?colile din Prefectura Fukushima, utiliz?nd datele colectate p?n? ?n decembrie 2013. Analiza arat? c? nivelurile de cesiu-134 ?i cesiu-137 sunt foarte sc?zute, majoritatea rezultatelor fiind sub limitele de detectare. De asemenea, s-a men?ionat c?, dup? trecerea la orez local, nu s-au detectat cesium ?n produsele alimentare ?colare din Fukushima City.
1. Cesium levels in school lunches in Fukushima prefecture, as detected by whole-meal testing using gel machines, have mostly been very low or undetectable, even after Fukushima City switched to using locally grown rice.
2. Graphs are provided showing cesium detection results over time for school lunches in various cities and towns in Fukushima prefecture, with most results being below detection limits.
3. Data is available on a website for cesium detection results in school lunches from Fukushima City and other locations from 2013 to the present.
ICRP タ?イアロク? 2015.05.30 "Radiation measurements - what, how, and why?"
1. hayano
Radiation measurements - what, how, and why?
いろいろな放射線の測定
?
Ryugo S. Hayano
早野 龍五?
?
Physics department, The University of Tokyo
May 30, 2015, ICRP 11th dialogue seminar, Fukushima City
2. “antimatter” at CERN
Team leader since 1997
ジュネーブのCERN研究所で
「反物質」を研究
No past experience in Radiation Protection
nor Risk Communication
- School lunch measurement
- large-scale WBC surveys
- BABYSCAN
- “D-shuttle”
Photo CERN
2011年3月以前に放射線防護
リスクコミュニケーションの経験皆無
- 給食の放射能検査
- WBCによる内部被ばく測定と論文
- BABYSCANの開発?測定?論文
- D-shuttle による外部被ばく測定
4. European Space Agency
20. Steven Pinker, Cognitive scientist
145,000 followers @sapinker (http://twitter.com/@sapinker)
Citations: 49,933 K-index: 105
Total number of tweets: 1,674
Harvard University, United States
21. Richard Wiseman, Psychologist
135,000 followers @RichardWiseman (http://twitter.com/@RichardWiseman)
Citations: 4,687 K-index: 209
Total number of tweets: 22,600
University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
22. Ryugo Hayano, Nuclear physicist
124,000 followers @hayano (http://twitter.com/@hayano)
Citations: 956 K-index: 319
Total number of tweets: 56,500
University of Tokyo, Japan
23. Toshiyuki Masui, Computer scientist
122,000 followers @masui (http://twitter.com/@masui)
…
…
10. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION
April 4, 2011
The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) in cooperation
with Elsevier, the publishers of the Annals of the ICRP, present this special cost-
free release of ICRP Publication 111 Application of the Commission’s
Recommendations to the Protection of People Living in Long-term
Contaminated Areas after a Nuclear Accident or a Radiation Emergency.
ICRP is a registered charity that relies on the sale of publications to help support
its ongoing work. However, the cost-free release of this publication is a gesture
to aid the Japanese people in recovering from the recent earthquake, tsunami,
and accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Our thoughts are
with those in Japan dealing with the aftermath of these tragic events, and we
regret that the recommendations of ICRP Publication 111 need to be put into
active use so soon after having been published.
This special free release of ICRP Publication 111 is dedicated to those in Japan
who have lost so very much.
With deep sympathy, on behalf of ICRP,
Claire Cousins
ICRP Chair
Christopher Clement
ICRP Scientific Secretary
英語版無料公開
2011年4月4日
11. My tweet on ICRP 111, April 16, 2011
(私のツイートは公開2週間後ぐらいだった)
東大医学部の中川先生から教えていただいた
12. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
(a) The present report provides guidance on the application of the Commission’s
Recommendations for the protection of people living in long-term contaminated
areas resulting from either a nuclear accident or a radiation emergency. This post-
accident rehabilitation situation is considered by the Commission as an ‘existing
exposure situation’.
(b) The following recommendations are the ?rst to deal with the management of
existing exposure situations since publication of the 2007 Recommendations (ICRP,
2007). They complement those made in Publication 82 (ICRP, 2000), and further
develop the role of stakeholders, introduced for the ?rst time by the Commission
in this publication. They also take into account the evolution introduced by the
2007 Recommendations from the previous process-based approach of practices
and interventions to an approach based on the characteristics of radiation exposure
situations. They particularly emphasise the new approach of the Commission, which
reinforces the principle of optimisation of protection to be applied in a similar way
to all exposure situations with restrictions on individual doses.
(c) Although developed for managing a speci?c category of existing exposure sit-
uation, many recommendations developed in this report are broadly applicable with
the necessary adaptations to other existing exposure situations like, for example, ra-
don in dwellings and workplaces, naturally occurring radioactive material, or con-
19. not free, ?
some copies available
today
無償ではありませんが
本日会場に何部か置いて
あります
Niwa, Kai, Kanda, Hayano, Homma, Miyazaki, Sakoda
丹羽,甲斐,神田,早野,本間,宮崎,迫田
20. というわけで?
個人線量の測定の話をしましょう
Therefore, let us discuss about the
measurement of individual doses
ICRP111 keywords
Existing exposure situation, individual doses
現存被ばく状況?個人線量
24. 134
Cs
Deposition Density
(Bq/m2
) as of
July 16, 2011
20km
30km
Fukushima Dai-ichi
NPP
Minamisoma
City General
Hospital
Minamisoma City
Iitate Village
南相馬:初期被ばくリスクが高い566人の測定, 2011年7月
566 high-risk Minamisoma citizens were measured, July 2011
Group A Male Group A Female
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Committed Effective Dose HmSvLFrequency
あれ??高くない
Much lower than we feared
Hayano et al., “Whole-body counter survey results 4 months after the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP accident in Minamisoma City,
Fukushima ”, J. Radiol. Prot. 34 (2014) 787–799
25. 2011 - 南相馬の病院スタッフを何度も測った
repeated measurement of Minamisoma hospital staffs
X0001 X0001 HFASTSCANL
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Days since March 12, 2011
134
CsHBqêbodyL
X0002 X0002 HFASTSCANL
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Days since March 12, 2011
134
CsHBqêbodyL事故からの経過日数 事故からの経過日数
初期被ばくの影響はちょっとあるが,その後増えていない = 食品からの追加摂取無し
body burdens decreased - no indication of chronic ingestion
28. Nov Jan Mar May
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
全データ:検査日ごとの総セシウム Bqêbodyn= 15593
ND = 13422 (86%)
再検査 163 ?
上昇している人はいない
all 163 who were scanned twice
showed decrease
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
134+137Cs
Bq/body
2011.11 2012.01 2012.03 2012.05
2011 - 2012 ひらた中央病院で同じ人を2度測定
Hirata central hospital, measured the same person twice
100 Bq/kg limit500 Bq/kg limit
29. 2012年 ひらた中央病院で20,000人以上測定
Hirata central hospital, measured >20,000 people in 2012
L
50 200
12
n=21785, nnd=21573 H99.0 %L
0 50 100 150 200
0
10
20
30
40
137
Cs concentration HBqêkgL
Frequency
All subjects: Mar 2012-Nov 2012
2012
10
Children Hage?15L: Mar 2012-Nov 2012
↑
10Bq/kg
≈1mSv/y?
including 134Cs
↓
99% (children 100%) were
below the detection limit
“long tail”
↓
Hirata Central Hospital (near Koriyama c.)
using the 2nd FASTSCAN installed in Fukushima after the accident
Hayano et al., Internal radiocesium contamination of adults and children in Fukushima 7 to 20 months after the Fukushima NPP
accident as measured by extensive whole-body-counter surveys, Proc. Jpn. Acad., Ser. B, Vol. 89, 157-163 (2013)
31. Courtesy, NHK World
そこで作ったベビースキャン
So, we made the BABYSCAN
? Detection limit for 134,137Cs < 50 Bq/BODY?
検出限界 全身で 50Bq (実際はもっと低い)
Ryugo?S Hayano et al, “BABYSCAN: a whole body counter for small children in Fukushima”, J. Radiol. Prot. 34 (2014) 645
32. 四年連続して行った三春町児童生徒の内部被ばく検査?
WBC surveys of Miharu-town school children for four consecutive years
Hayano et al., “Whole body counter surveys of Miharu-town school children for four consecutive years after the Fukushima NPP accident”, Proc. Japan Acad., Ser. B91 (2015) 92-98.
8
Well water
21 %
Tap water
55 %
Bottled water
23 %
Other 2 %
0
20
40
60
80
100
Homeêlocal rice
62 %
Buy Fukushima 2 %
Buy any rice
20 %
Avoid Fukushima
rice 13 %
Other 3 %
0
20
40
60
80
100
Eat local, untested
produce 11 %
Homeêlocal produce
16 %
Buy Fukushima 2 %
Buy any produce
49 %
Avoid Fukushima
produce 16 %
Other 6 %
0
20
40
60
80
100
Water Rice Vegetable
FIG. 9: Graph showing results of questionnaire concerning water, rice, and vegetable consumption of Miharu
2014年秋,小中学校低学年はBABYSCANを使用?しかし一人も検出されない
多くの家庭では、水道水?井戸水を飲み、福島産の米や野菜を忌避していない
Nobody had detectable level of cesium, even with the BABYSCAN?
Questionnaire show that most of them are consuming local/home-grown foodstuff
水道水を避け
ペットボトルの水を飲む
only drink bottled water
福島県産の農産物は?
食べない
avoid Fukushima produce
水 米 野菜
33. ? Results are shown and explained on the spot ?
(time consuming, but essential)?
その場で結果説明
? More about this will be discussed by Dr. Miyazaki tomorrow?
測って何を伝えるか - 明日の宮崎先生のお話
ベビースキャンはコミュニケーションのためのツール?
BABYSCAN is a communication device
Dr. Tsubokura, Minamisoma
35. 四カ国216人の高校生がD-シャトルを2週間着けた結果を論文に
“D-shuttle” project - 216 high school students from 4 countries
wore D-shuttle for 2 weeks, and write a paper
D-シャトルは1時間ごとの積算線量を記録?
- 自然放射線の寄与を含む -?
D-shuttle records hourly individual doses?
- including natural radiation contribution -
同じ線量計,同じ装着方法と行動記録
Same personal dosimeter, standardized protocol and activity journal
36. The Republican Center for Radiation Control and Environmental Monitoring
ベラルーシ Belarusポーランド Poland
Poitiers
(0.08?Sv/h)
Boulogne
(0.06?Sv/h)
Bastia
(0.10?Sv/h)
フランス France
Ostroleka
Plock
Zabrze
Czestochowa
Otwock
Warszawa
Zabki
Poland
9th airborne monitoring result, as of Nov 7, 2014
Air dose rate (?Sv/h)
Japan
Fukushima
Prefecture
Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP
20 km
20 km
Boundary of the restricted zone
12 (Fukushima)
7 (Asaka) 8 (Iwaki)
9 (Aizu)
10 (Tamura)
11 (Adachi)
80 km
80 km
6 (Kanagawa)
5 (Ena)
4 (Tajimi)3. Nara
2. Nada
1. Fukuyama
Fukushima
(see Fig. 1)
Natural Radiation (?Gy/h)
0.127 <
0.109 - 0.127
0.0907 - 0.109
0.0725 - 0.0907
0.0543 - 0.0725
0.036 - 0.0543
0.0178 - 0.036
0.00571 - 0.0178
福島県外6校,県内6校,フランス4校,ポーランド8校,ベラルーシ2校
6 schools outside Fukushima, 6 in Fukushima, 4 in France, 8 in Poland, 2 in Belarus
37. 自然放射線の寄与を含めた測定:?
福島の高校生の個人線量は国内外の他の地域に比べて特に高くない
The individual doses of Fukushima High-school students (including
natural radiation) are not higher than in other areas
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1(Fukuyama)
2(Nada)
3(Nara)
4(Tajimi)
5(Ena)
6(Kanagawa)
7(Asaka)
8(Iwaki)
9(Aizu)
10(Tamura)
11(Adachi)
12(Fukushima)
Poitiers(France)
Boulogne(France)
Bastia(France)
Belarus
Poland
mSv/y
Outside of
Fukushima
EuropeInside of
Fukushima
Comparison of the individual doses (annual basis)
Inside of
Fukushima
EuropeOutside of
Fukushima
38. セシウムの寄与があるのに個人線量がそれほど高くないのは,
福島では自然放射能による寄与が少ないため
The individual doses in Fukushima are not high despite the fall
out, since the natural radiation contribution is low in Fukushima
Fukuyama
Nada
Nara
Tajimi
Ena
Kanagawa
Asaka
Iwaki
Aizu
Tamura
Adachi
Fukushima
0
50
100
150
Th
U
K-40
nGy/h or nSv/h
個人線量の分布
Individual dose distribution
地質分析から推定された
各校付近での自然放射能による
空間線量率
Estimated air dose rates based
on soil chemical analyses
40. 高校生が自分たちで調べ,測り,比べ,納得し,伝える.
素晴らしい!?
This is a seminal project: the high school students living in
the affected region do research, measure, compare, become
convinced, and communicate the results. How wonderful!