North American Membrane Society Poster
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This document summarizes research on developing reverse osmosis membranes using thiol-ene polymer networks. Thiol and ene monomers were used to create highly crosslinked polymer films. These films were characterized and shown to be resistant to chlorine degradation. The polymers were then used to create thin film composite membranes by coating onto a porous substrate. Testing of the membranes showed high flux and rejection of salts in water. Future work will optimize the composite membranes and further evaluate performance.
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Ferro, a leading supplier of specialty plastics, has recently developed OPTUM? Barrier masterbatch for a wide range of polymers. This can be incorporated by melt processing in most of the manufacturing processes involved in the developing of single and multi-layer structures in flexible and rigid packaging. In particular this is suitable for food packaging applications in order to increase product protection and shelf-life. Barrier applications can be found, however, in other in market segments such as cosmetics, industrial containers and agricultural films, where barrier to oxygen and other gases is also critical.Optum? Technology an innovative barrier solution for polypropylene based mate...
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This document summarizes the preparation, characterization, and application of ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. It discusses that UF membranes are used to separate macromolecules and suspended solids from water and other liquids. The key materials used for UF membrane preparation are polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, cellulose acetate, and aromatic polyamides. Membranes are typically prepared using the phase inversion method, which involves transforming a polymer solution into a solid membrane through controlled liquid-liquid demixing and solidification. The document also outlines various characterization techniques and applications of UF membranes in areas like protein separation and wastewater treatment.WATER PURIFICATION
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Recycled nanocellulose films retained 70% of the strength of virgin films but had double the water vapor permeability. This was likely due to bundles of cellulose nanofibers that did not fully separate during recycling, hindering uniform packing and reducing density. At the fiber level and under high magnification SEM, recycled and virgin films were identical, but recycled films had poorer optical uniformity and strength at larger length scales. Recycling reduced barrier performance but it was still much better than conventional packaging materials. The major issue was incomplete breakdown of nanocellulose sheets into individual fibers during recycling.Optum? Technology an innovative barrier solution for polypropylene based mate...
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- 1. www.buffalo.edu 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 NormalizedRejection ppm.h chlorine Thiol-ene Polymer Networks for Reverse Osmosis Shawreen Shah, Kaipin Huang, Norman Ng and Haiqing Lin Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY 14260, USA Overview Conclusion and Future Work Drawback of Current RO Membranes Approach: Thiol-Ene Based Polymer Networks Conclusion: Highly crosslinked thiol-ene polymers and thin film composite membranes based on these polymers have been successfully prepared and characterized. Future Work: ? Optimize composite membranes and evaluate salt rejection using a dead-end filtration system and a crossflow filtration system. Laboratory of InNovative Membranes at UB Composition Density (g/cm3) Fractional Free Volume Water Sorption Sol-Gel Percent Without solvent* With solvent* Without solvent* With solvent* Without solvent* With solvent* Without solvent* With solvent* T1+E1 1.2 1.2 0.16 0.16 2.4% 2.6% 1.6% 0% T1+E2 1.3 1.3 0.12 0.12 2.2% 2.3% 1.2% 0% T2+E1 1.3 1.3 0.12 0.12 2.8% 2.7% 1.6% 0% T2+E2 1.3 1.3 0.15 0.15 1.9% 2% 0.2% 0% Reverse Osmosis (RO) system (¦¤p > ¦¤?) ¦¤p = pressure difference ¦¤? = osmotic pressure difference Salt Rejection: C2: salt concentration in the permeate C1: salt concentration in the feed )( ?????? pAJW 1001 1 2 ??? ? ? ?? ? ? ?? C C R Current RO membranes are subjected to chlorine oxidation, leading to higher water flux and lower salt rejection. Thiol monomers T1: T2: Ene monomers E1: E2: Objective: To design and develop thiol-ene polymer based reverse osmosis membranes and study structure/property correlation. Advantage of Thiol-Ene Polymers: ? Highly crosslinked and homogenous ? Versatile with many choices of monomers ? Easy to prepare and immune from oxygen inhibition Approach: ? Novel polymers are prepared using multifunctional thiols and enes. ? Polymers are characterized using FTIR-ATR, density and fractional free volume measurements, and water sorption measurements. ? Thin film composite membranes are prepared on commercial microporous substrates for reverse osmosis applications. Flux evaluation: ? Thiol-ene polymer networks are immune to oxidation, and hence chlorine is not expected to degrade the membrane. A series of thiol-ene polymers were synthesized by UV photopolymerization. Monomers used: The reaction is initiated by exposure to UV light and proceeds via free radical polymerization. Thin Film Composite Membranes Thin film composite membranes were prepared by coating prepolymer solution on commercial microporous supports such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN). A dead end membrane filtration system was designed and built to test pure water flux across thin film composite membranes. Acknowledgement The selective layer of commercial RO membranes is comprised of highly crosslinked aromatic polyamide. We thank School of Engineering and Applied Sciences at University at Buffalo for their financial support. ? Greenlee, Lawler, Freeman, Marrot, Moulin, Water Res., 43 (2009) 2317-2348.. ? Ju, McCloskey, Sagle, Wu, Kusuma, Freeman, J. Membr. Sci., 307 (2008) 260-267 Characterization of Polymer Films Photo of a thiol-ene polymer film Fundamental of Reverse Osmosis 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Polymer Ene Thiol Wavenumber (cm -1 ) Pore-penetration Increase viscosity Decrease thickness PEO- Filler DCM- Solvent Ideal coating 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 NormalizedFlux ppm.h chlorine ? Thiol-ene reactions have fast polymerization rates, high conversion, network homogeneity and offer versatility in thiol and ene selection. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 ContactAngle T x E y + 0.1% PEO T x E y +0.35% PEO + 50% DCM T x E y +0.35% PEO + 90% DCM T1E2T1E1 T2E1 T1E1 T1E2 T2E1T1E2T2E1 T1E1PAN 30 Increasing the solvent content in the prepolymer solution increases the water permeance in the thin film composite membranes. SEM image of T1E2 + 0.35% PEO + 90% DCM Dense polymer structure on the surface. Membranes of thiol-ene polymers show hydrophilicity. Polymer network formation Salt * 50% Solvent content in prepolymer solutions * Lowe, Poly. Chem., 2010, 1, 17-36 * Wu, Liu, Yu, Liu, Gao, J. Membr. Sci., 352 (2010) 76-85 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 5 10 15 20 Permeance(L/m 2 xhrxbar) Pressure (bar) T1E1 + 0.35% PEO + 90% DCM T1E2 + 0.35% PEO + 90% DCM 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04 0 5 10 15 20 Permeance(L/m 2 xhrxbar) Pressure (bar) T1E1 + 0.35% PEO + 50% DCM T1E2 + 0.35% PEO + 50% DCM Lin et al., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2013, 52 (31), 10820