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diagnosis of cancer what is cell culture haplotype mapping screening of genomic library oligo probe immunological screening for expressed genes screening of recombinant clones bluewhite screening positive selection vector diagnostic restriction digest colony pcr recombinant vaccine dna vaccine vaccinia vector vaccine humoral and cellular immunity benefits of dna viruses cancer how normal cells act how cancer start how cancer spread how cancer differ all tumours are not cancer environmental pollution global environmental change pollution pollutants types of pollution types of mutation mutation frameshift mutation point mutation muscle contraction mechanism dna viruses ti-plasmid episomal expression vectors cauliflower mosaic virus shuttle virus genetic transformation process stem cells characteristics of stem cells induced pluripotent stem cells pcr types of pcr rt - pcr applications of pcr developmental stages or evolution of plant kingdom shoot and apical meristem root roots and their developmental zones types of cancer diagnosis method imaging gene expression in vivo bioluminescent detection ultrasound imaging culture conditions cryopreservation aseptic technique media comppsition ph co2 temperature subculture storage dissociating adherent cells blood glucose homeostasis and the role of tissues roles of insulin and glucagon in regulating blood regulation of glucose metabolism during exercise insulin receptor and its mechanism good personal hygiene ascetic techniques sterile work area sterile handling planning of cell culture labs safety data sheet introduction to cell culture safety equipment safe laboratory practices laminar hood quarantine and containment biosafety level air pollution gaseous pollutants prevention and control of air pollution noise pollution water pollution sources of water pollution water recycling soil pollution radiation pollution non-ionizing radiation ionizing radiation radiation damage thermodynamics standard free energy entropy enthalpy extra-nuclear inheritance by endosymbionts milk factor in mice co2 sensitivity in drosophila kappa particles in paramecium primary culture cell line cell strain finite cell line continuous cell line antibiotics cell culture safety