ºÝºÝߣ

ºÝºÝߣShare a Scribd company logo

Coal 4 - quiz in Assembly Programming

•
•
Muhammad Taqi Hassan Bukhari
Muhammad Taqi Hassan Bukhari

This document provides an overview of computer organization and assembly language. It discusses pipelining in processors like the 8088/86 to increase speed. Pipelining allows the CPU to fetch instructions from memory, decode them, and execute them in parallel stages. The 8088/86 pipeline is split into a Bus Interface Unit that accesses memory and an Execution Unit that executes instructions. The document also lists the different register categories in the 8086/286 processor, including general purpose, pointer, index, segment, instruction pointer, and flag registers.

1 of 12
Downloaded 12 times
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE LECTURE # 4 BY MUHAMMAD JAFER 1
QUIZ • Minutes (10) • Total Marks (15) • What are the basic components of a computer & task perform by them ? • Are these basic components dependent on each, if yes then how and why ? • Why do we need a memory model for a processor ? • Name memory models for processor? 2
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS OF 8088/86 • Pipelining • Registers 3
PIPELINING • Making CPU Speed Faster • Work Frequency • Internal Architecture • Work Frequency • Technology Dependent • Cost & Availability of Technology • ICs Architecture • Important decisions at architecture level 4
PIPELINING • Internal Architecture • Remember RISC & CISC • Sequential execution of instructions • Non-Pipelining • 8085 • Pipelining 5
6 nonpipelined (e.g., 8085) fetch 1 exec 1 fetch 2 exec 2 pipelined fetch 1 exec 1 (e.g., 8086) fetch 2 exec 2 fetch 3 exec 3
PIPELINING • Simplest Form • Fetching & Execution • Parallel • Intel Implementation • 8088/8086 • Splitting internal architecture into 2 units • Bus Interface Unit • Execution Unit • BIU access Memory • EU executes instructions 7
BUS INTERFACE UNIT (BIU) • In 8088/86 has a buffer &/or queue • 8088 4 bytes long • 8086 6 bytes long • If Queue is full then ????? (Challenge 0.1) • JUMP Command Problem • Simples form 2 stages • Can be complex 8
EXECUTION UNIT (EU) • Executes • Slower than BIU • Branch Penalty 9
REGISTERS • Why do we need registers • 6 type of registers • How to use them will be discussed in length during this course when related instructions will come • First Later of Indicates Its usage • AX = Accumulator • BX= Base Address • CX= Counter in loops • DX = Point to data in I/O operations 10
11 Category Bits Register names 16 AX, BX, CX, DX General 8 AH, AL, BH, BL, CH, CL, DH, DL Pointer 16 SP(stack pointer), BP(base pointer) Index 16 SI(source index), DI(destination index) Segment 16 CS(code segment), DS(data segment) SS(stack segment), ES(extra segment) Instruction 16 IP(instruction pointer) Flag 16 FR(flag register) Registers of 8086/286 by category
CHAPTER REVIEW • The x86 PC Assembly Language, Design & Interfacing by Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi & Danny Causey • Chapter # 1 • Inside The 8088/86 12

More Related Content

Coal 4 - quiz in Assembly Programming

  • 1. COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE LECTURE # 4 BY MUHAMMAD JAFER 1
  • 2. QUIZ • Minutes (10) • Total Marks (15) • What are the basic components of a computer & task perform by them ? • Are these basic components dependent on each, if yes then how and why ? • Why do we need a memory model for a processor ? • Name memory models for processor? 2
  • 3. IMPORTANT CONCEPTS OF 8088/86 • Pipelining • Registers 3
  • 4. PIPELINING • Making CPU Speed Faster • Work Frequency • Internal Architecture • Work Frequency • Technology Dependent • Cost & Availability of Technology • ICs Architecture • Important decisions at architecture level 4
  • 5. PIPELINING • Internal Architecture • Remember RISC & CISC • Sequential execution of instructions • Non-Pipelining • 8085 • Pipelining 5
  • 6. 6 nonpipelined (e.g., 8085) fetch 1 exec 1 fetch 2 exec 2 pipelined fetch 1 exec 1 (e.g., 8086) fetch 2 exec 2 fetch 3 exec 3
  • 7. PIPELINING • Simplest Form • Fetching & Execution • Parallel • Intel Implementation • 8088/8086 • Splitting internal architecture into 2 units • Bus Interface Unit • Execution Unit • BIU access Memory • EU executes instructions 7
  • 8. BUS INTERFACE UNIT (BIU) • In 8088/86 has a buffer &/or queue • 8088 4 bytes long • 8086 6 bytes long • If Queue is full then ????? (Challenge 0.1) • JUMP Command Problem • Simples form 2 stages • Can be complex 8
  • 9. EXECUTION UNIT (EU) • Executes • Slower than BIU • Branch Penalty 9
  • 10. REGISTERS • Why do we need registers • 6 type of registers • How to use them will be discussed in length during this course when related instructions will come • First Later of Indicates Its usage • AX = Accumulator • BX= Base Address • CX= Counter in loops • DX = Point to data in I/O operations 10
  • 11. 11 Category Bits Register names 16 AX, BX, CX, DX General 8 AH, AL, BH, BL, CH, CL, DH, DL Pointer 16 SP(stack pointer), BP(base pointer) Index 16 SI(source index), DI(destination index) Segment 16 CS(code segment), DS(data segment) SS(stack segment), ES(extra segment) Instruction 16 IP(instruction pointer) Flag 16 FR(flag register) Registers of 8086/286 by category
  • 12. CHAPTER REVIEW • The x86 PC Assembly Language, Design & Interfacing by Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi & Danny Causey • Chapter # 1 • Inside The 8088/86 12