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Principles of wind turbines

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Dr. Tawfeeq Wasmi Mohammed Salih

This document provides an overview of wind turbines, including: 1. Wind turbines convert kinetic energy from wind into mechanical power via rotating blades and a shaft, which then generates electricity through a generator. Multiple wind turbines comprise a wind farm connected to electrical networks. 2. Common wind turbines have horizontal shafts, and are designed for wind speeds between 5-18 m/s at heights of 50-200 meters. Design power ranges from 2-5 MW. 3. Leading countries for wind power production are China, USA, Germany, Spain, UK, France, Italy, Sweden, Denmark, and Netherlands.

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Principles of Wind Turbines Dr. Tawfeeq W. Mohammed Mustansiriyah University College of Engineering Departments of Materials
Definition Wind energy could be harvested by the use of air flow to produce mechanical power through a device called wind turbine. The produced mechanical power may turn to electricity by a generator. Many individual wind turbines could be used in what so called wind farm, where they are connected to the electrical network. • Wind turbines are either onshore or offshore. • The common type is horizontal shaft turbines. • Design wind speed is 5-18 m/s. • Design altitude 50-200 m. • Design power 2-5 MW.
Advantages & Disadvantages
Production • The cost of wind turbine ranges from 1.5 - 2.5 M$/MW. • The sell price is between 4-6 ₵/kWh. Leading countries by wind power production (2016) Country Production (GW) China 149 USA 82 Germany 42 Spain 34 UK 21 France 10 Italy 8 Sweden 7 Denmark 6 Netherlands 5
Components
Specifications of Design Parameters: • 500 KW < power < 2 MW • 5 m/s < wind speed < 18 m/s • 8 rpm < rotor speed < 20 rpm • 40 m < Rotor dia. < 120 m • 20 m < blade length < 60 m • 60 m < tower height < 100 m • 4 m < tower dia. < 10 m • 5 T < rotor weight < 20 T • 10 T < generator weight < 50 T Martials: 1. Blades made of fiberglass or graphite epoxy. 2. Tower made of steel. Stress • Fatigue (bending, axial, shear, torsion) • Buckling • Creep
Principles of wind turbines
Principles of wind turbines
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Principles of wind turbines

  • 1. Principles of Wind Turbines Dr. Tawfeeq W. Mohammed Mustansiriyah University College of Engineering Departments of Materials
  • 2. Definition Wind energy could be harvested by the use of air flow to produce mechanical power through a device called wind turbine. The produced mechanical power may turn to electricity by a generator. Many individual wind turbines could be used in what so called wind farm, where they are connected to the electrical network. • Wind turbines are either onshore or offshore. • The common type is horizontal shaft turbines. • Design wind speed is 5-18 m/s. • Design altitude 50-200 m. • Design power 2-5 MW.
  • 4. Production • The cost of wind turbine ranges from 1.5 - 2.5 M$/MW. • The sell price is between 4-6 ₵/kWh. Leading countries by wind power production (2016) Country Production (GW) China 149 USA 82 Germany 42 Spain 34 UK 21 France 10 Italy 8 Sweden 7 Denmark 6 Netherlands 5
  • 6. Specifications of Design Parameters: • 500 KW < power < 2 MW • 5 m/s < wind speed < 18 m/s • 8 rpm < rotor speed < 20 rpm • 40 m < Rotor dia. < 120 m • 20 m < blade length < 60 m • 60 m < tower height < 100 m • 4 m < tower dia. < 10 m • 5 T < rotor weight < 20 T • 10 T < generator weight < 50 T Martials: 1. Blades made of fiberglass or graphite epoxy. 2. Tower made of steel. Stress • Fatigue (bending, axial, shear, torsion) • Buckling • Creep