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anesthesia indications spinal anesthesia obstructive pulmonary disease oxygen physiology covid ±ð±ô²õÅ‘ mcs cannulation circuit history of ecmo vavular heart disease mitral regugitation mitral stenosis aortic stenosis aortic regurgitation tricuspid regurgitation tricuspid stenosis pulmonary stenosis prolapse mitral valve rheumatic heart disease antibiotic prophylaxis diabetic mellitus preoperative assessment cardiac arrest intra-operative guillain barre syndrome scalp nerve block gcs gcs-p craniotomy cabg on pump offpump cardaic laplace law myocardial oxygen demand and supply coronary blood flow controlled hypotension ecmo cpb value anticoagulant regional anesthesia epidural anestehsia blocks coagulation inr pt vitamin k warfarin antithrombin neuraxial anestehsia epidural anesthesia caudual anesthesia contraindication chronic kidney disease ckd dialysis broncholiatosrs copd asthma restrictive vv systemic involvement blood sugar control pheochromocytoma blood pressure endocrine disorder beta blockers alpha blockers calcium channel blockers men hypothyroidsm hyperthyroidism thyroid disoder aki intestinal obstruction electrolyte acid base disorder hemodynamic hydration fluid management spine respiratory