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botany science biology biotechnology types of cloning vectors plasmid vectors pbr322 bacteriophage vectors phage lambda m13 phage vectors cosmids bacterial artificial chromosom yeast artificial chromosome shuttle vectors expression vectors ti plasmid biotic stress cloning vectors plant biotechnology tissue culture vectors plant transformation embryo culture application senescence puc 18 plasmid classification of vectors plant abscisic acid aba metabolism seed germination seed n bud dormancy aba physiological effects stomatal regulations abscission flowering cambium water stress hormone effects somaclonal variation history of somaclonal variatio selection of variation types of variation chromosomal aberration genetic physiological biochemical primary database hybridization protoplast culture hybrid selection somatic hybridization advantages of somatic hybrid disadvantage somatic hybrid plant transformation vectors vectors classification classification of plasmid vect advantages of pbr322 disadvantage of pbr322 hr and sar hypersensitive response secondary acquired resistatanc plant botany plant mechanism plant resistance embryo culture introduction to embryo culture embryo culture types mature embryo culture immature embryo culture embryo culture procedure embryo culture technique embryo culture significance plant biology extraction of alkaloids physiological property of alka biosynthesis of alkaloids effects of alkaloids uses of alkaloids function of alkaloids properties of alkaloids classification of alkaloids history about alkaloids introduction to alkaloids alkaloids ion homeostasis hyperionic stress physiological effects ph alkali soil saline soil heat stress heat threshold plant response to stress growth morphological symptoms photosynthesis plant reproduction to stress oxidative stress water relations plant adaptation to stress enzymatic antioxidant heat shock proteins hsp 100 hsp 90 hsp 70 hsp60 smhsp harmone discovery of auxin auxin genetics enzyme significance of haploids limitations of haploids methods of bulbosome bulbosome diploidization haploids plants disadvantage of variation advantages of variation application factors of variation isolation of variation cause of variation plant tissue culture salinity abiotic stress stress salinity stress paa iba 4d 2 naa iaa growth regulators synthetic auxin natural auxin went's experiment gibberlin growth inhibitors growth promoters