Minoans and phoenicians
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The Minoans dominated trade in the Mediterranean Sea from 2000-1400 BC and lived on the island of Crete. They had an advanced and thriving capital city of Knossos with no fortifications. The Minoans traded their high quality pottery and their culture spread throughout the area, influencing future Greeks. Their civilization ended around 1200 BC possibly due to natural disasters. After 1100 BC, the Phoenicians came to dominate Mediterranean trade from their cities in present-day Lebanon. They developed the first alphabet which was adopted by the Greeks and provides the basis for the English alphabet today.
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The document summarizes the revolution in China and the establishment of Communist China. It describes how the Qing Dynasty fell in 1911 leading to a period of civil war. The Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek and Communists led by Mao Zedong fought for control of China from 1925-1937. Japan then invaded China in 1937. After World War 2, the civil war resumed until 1949 when the Communists declared the People's Republic of China. Under Mao's leadership, China underwent land redistribution, industrialization, and the consolidation of power by the Communist party through imprisoning dissidents. However, the Great Leap Forward failed and led to a famine causing over 20 million deaths.Intro ussr communist 2014
Intro ussr communist 2014Ashley Birmingham
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Dynastic monarchies in Russia and China faced economic and social problems in the early 20th century, leading to revolutions. In Russia, the tsar was overthrown and a provisional democratic government formed, but it failed amid World War I losses. Radicals like the Bolsheviks gained power, and their leader Lenin seized control. A civil war ensued as anti-communist forces fought back, but the Bolsheviks prevailed. Lenin established communist rule, redistributing land and industrializing through five-year plans. In China, the Qing dynasty fell in 1912 and a provisional government took over, but problems continued and communists gained victory in 1949, establishing the People's Republic of China.World wars compared
World wars comparedAshley Birmingham
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This document provides an overview comparison of World War I and World War II. It discusses the causes, warfare, and results of each war. For causes, it describes the alliances, nationalism, militarism, and imperialism that led to WWI, as well as the resentment over the Treaty of Versailles and global economic depression that contributed to WWII. The warfare of each war included new weapons and tactics. Results of both wars involved massive destruction, deaths, and redrawn maps, as well as long term impacts such as new governments, international organizations, and an emerging Cold War.Global economic depression overview
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The document provides an overview of the global economic depression known as the Great Depression that began in 1929 and lasted through World War II. It discusses several key causes, including overproduction in industry and agriculture which lowered prices and increased unemployment, the crash of the American stock market, and demands for international loan payments which destabilized European economies. The results were widespread bank failures around the world, plummeting agricultural and industrial production, high unemployment rates of 30% in some countries, and a major slowdown in global trade with exports dropping by 50% or more in many areas.19 and 20 review
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This document provides a list of topics to review related to European imperialism between the 18th and 19th centuries, including the Industrial Revolution's effects; problems faced by China and the Ottoman Empire; rebellions within China and reforms within the Ottoman Empire; the rise of nationalism; Japan's opening to the West; methods of European colonial control in India and Africa; systems of labor and agriculture utilized in colonies; and related social and ideological changes in colonized societies.Review 1750 1900 2
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This document summarizes the decline of three major empires - the Ottoman Empire, Qing Chinese Empire, and Japanese Empire - between 1750-1900 as well as the rise of European imperialism during this period. It discusses how the Ottoman and Qing Empires resisted economic change and underestimated European power, leading to their decline, while Japan modernized and industrialized without foreign debt to avoid this fate. It also outlines how Europeans colonized much of Africa and Asia in this era due to new technologies, ideologies of racial superiority, and pursuit of profits from new territories.Imperialism 2014
Imperialism 2014Ashley Birmingham
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Industrialized nations like European powers, the United States, Russia, and later Japan strengthened control over their colonies and established overseas empires in Asia, Africa, and the Pacific between the 18th-19th centuries. They did so to gain profits from trade, capture markets for factory goods, absorb excess population, and achieve national prestige. Imperialism involved exploiting weaker nations' resources and asserting the dominance of European races through the ideology of social Darwinism. Colonizers used military might, alliances with local elites, and economic coercion to partition and dominate Africa and Asia.Imperialism second wave
Imperialism second waveAshley Birmingham
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The document summarizes the second wave of European colonial conquests from 1750-1900. It involved new European powers like Germany, Italy, Belgium, the US, and Japan expanding their colonies to South and Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Pacific Islands. The colonies were divided into "white colonies" like Canada, Australia and New Zealand that were settlements for Europeans, and "non-white colonies" in Asia and Africa that were ruled indirectly through local elites but controlled by European governments from abroad. By the late 1800s, European powers had partitioned most of Africa at the Berlin Conference and established control over 90% of the land by 1914.Japan meiji 1700s-1900s
Japan meiji 1700s-1900sAshley Birmingham
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Under the Tokugawa shogunate in the early 1600s, Japan pursued a policy of isolationism, expelling foreigners and prohibiting the Japanese from leaving. However, in the 1800s-1900s, outside pressures from Western powers and a desire for change led Japan to transform itself from a closed, feudal society into a major industrial and military world power through adopting Western ideas and institutions while maintaining independence. The Meiji government oversaw Japan's rapid modernization through industrialization, building infrastructure like railroads, expanding the military, and sending students abroad to learn from Europe. By the early 1900s, Japan had become an imperialist power that gained control of territories like Korea, Taiwan, and Manchuria.Ottoman & qing 1750 1900s
Ottoman & qing 1750 1900sAshley Birmingham
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Between 1750 and 1900, the Ottoman Empire and Qing Dynasty of China experienced turbulent times as industrialized European nations extended their political and economic control overseas through imperialism. Both empires resisted economic changes and faced challenges like nationalist revolts and loss of territory to European powers. By the late 1800s, the Ottoman Empire was seen as weak and the Qing Dynasty struggled against European incursions including the Opium Wars, leading to their eventual collapse in the early 20th century.Imperialism 2014
Imperialism 2014Ashley Birmingham
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Industrialized nations like European powers, the United States, Russia, and later Japan strengthened control over their colonies and established overseas empires in Asia, Africa, and the Pacific between the 18th-19th centuries. They did so to gain profits from trade, capture markets for factory goods, absorb excess populations, and achieve national prestige. Imperialism involved the political and economic domination of weaker nations by stronger industrialized countries through military force, cooperation with local elites, and the use of new technologies like guns and steam ships.Industrial revolution changes
Industrial revolution changesAshley Birmingham
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The Industrial Revolution transformed societies through industrialization in Western Europe, the United States, and later Japan during the 19th century. It introduced factories powered by new technologies like steam engines, which replaced human and animal labor. This led to massive social changes like urbanization, new divisions of social class, and changes in family structures. While industrialization provided economic growth and technological progress, it also had negative consequences for workers and the environment, including dangerous working conditions, pollution, low wages, and lack of regulations. Responses to these issues included government reforms and the rise of labor unions and radical groups advocating for workers' rights.Industrial revolution review
Industrial revolution reviewAshley Birmingham
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This document contains images and questions about analyzing images from the 19th and 21st centuries. The images depict various impacts of the industrial revolution like overcrowded cities, growth of the middle class through new jobs, and changes in labor patterns from agricultural to factory work. One image shows a political cartoon about the Luddite movement resisting new technologies. Another image is a chart showing population growth which could indicate demographic changes from the industrial revolution.Industrial revolution intro 2015
Industrial revolution intro 2015Ashley Birmingham
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The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 18th century and spread to other parts of Western Europe, the United States, Japan, and Russia in the 19th century. It introduced new patterns of machine-powered mass production that transformed how goods were manufactured and consumed. While industrialization provided benefits like increased production, it also had negative consequences like poor working conditions, low wages, and lack of regulations regarding the environment and resource use. The revolution brought significant social and economic changes such as urbanization, new social classes, expanded government and industry influence, and new philosophies about politics and economics.The revolutions results
The revolutions resultsAshley Birmingham
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The document summarizes some of the key changes and continuities that resulted from various revolutions between 1650-1850 CE in different regions of the world. It notes that the American Revolution led to a stable new government based on Enlightenment principles in North America, while economic and social equality continued. In France, the government changed frequently but revolutionary ideals remained, social classes became less rigid, and the Catholic Church lost power. The Haitian Revolution resulted in the end of plantation agriculture and influence of African religions on culture. In Latin America, regional conflicts split states and social/political tensions remained between classes.Recently uploaded (20)
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Essentials of a Good PMO, presented by Aalok SonawalaAssociation for Project Management
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APM event hosted by the South Wales and West of England Network (SWWE Network)
Speaker: Aalok Sonawala
The SWWE Regional Network were very pleased to welcome Aalok Sonawala, Head of PMO, National Programmes, Rider Levett Bucknall on 26 February, to BAWA for our first face to face event of 2025. Aalok is a member of APMs Thames Valley Regional Network and also speaks to members of APMs PMO Interest Network, which aims to facilitate collaboration and learning, offer unbiased advice and guidance.
Tonight, Aalok planned to discuss the importance of a PMO within project-based organisations, the different types of PMO and their key elements, PMO governance and centres of excellence.
PMOs within an organisation can be centralised, hub and spoke with a central PMO with satellite PMOs globally, or embedded within projects. The appropriate structure will be determined by the specific business needs of the organisation. The PMO sits above PM delivery and the supply chain delivery teams.
For further information about the event please click here.Minoans and phoenicians
- 1. Ch. 3.3
- 2. Dominated trade in the Mediterranean Sea from 2000-1400 B.C.-Wide-ranging trade based civilization Lived on Crete, Map Best pottery of the time. Traded pottery with neighboring cultures, This spreads culture around the area. Ideas/beliefs influence future Greeks Cultural Stepping Stone in the Mediterranean Ended about 1200 B.C. Natural disasters, earthquakes ,volcanoes, may have wiped out the cities or at least weakened them enough for attacks from Greek invaders.
- 4. Knossos, the Minoan capital city. An advanced and thriving culture. Probably peaceful -Minoan cities no fortifications Wall paintings show them as athletic, graceful. Art depict womens role in religious ceremonies.
- 5. 1100 B.C., Crete falls Now the Phoenicians dominate trade. Located in present day Lebanon. Map Great shipbuilders and seafarers. Important cities: Sidon, Tyre, Berytus, Byblos and Carthage Famous for purple dye, made from a rotting murex snail. It took 60,000 snails to make 1 pound of dye! Phoenicians need system for recording transactions Developed phonetic alphabet
- 6. The Phoenicians developed a writing system that used symbols to represent sounds. The Phoenician system was phoneticthat is, one sign was used for one sound. In fact, the word alphabet comes directly from the first two letters of the Phoenician alphabet: aleph and beth. The Greeks adopted the Phoenician Alphabet, adapting it into the Greek Alphabet we know today, which is the basis for the English Alphabet.
- 7. How could long distance trade affect these ancient civilizations? How does trade affect our civilization today?