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Means of expressing future time

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Ariana Muu釘an
Ariana Muu釘an

This document discusses various grammatical constructions in English that can be used to express future time. It notes that while English has no distinct future tense, there are a number of ways to denote futurity including the use of modal auxiliaries like will and shall, the present progressive, and the simple present tense under certain circumstances. Specific constructions like will/shall + infinitive, be going to + infinitive, and be to + infinitive are explained in terms of their meanings and appropriate uses for indicating future events, intentions, predictions and obligations. Contextual examples are provided to illustrate the different options for expressing future time in English.

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Means of Expressing Future TimeMeans of Expressing Future Time
There are a number of grammatical means thatThere are a number of grammatical means that can be used to express future time.can be used to express future time. Shall and will are only one form among them.Shall and will are only one form among them. So when we say that English has no futureSo when we say that English has no future tense, we certainly do not mean that Englishtense, we certainly do not mean that English has not the means of expressing future time.has not the means of expressing future time. Instead there are a number of constructionsInstead there are a number of constructions that can be used to denote futurity in English.that can be used to denote futurity in English.
Constructions denoting future timeConstructions denoting future time Future time can be expressed by means ofFuture time can be expressed by means of modal auxiliaries, semi-auxiliaries, the simplemodal auxiliaries, semi-auxiliaries, the simple present and present progressive forms.present and present progressive forms. 1)Will / shall + infinitive1)Will / shall + infinitive Will / shall + infinitive can be used to expressWill / shall + infinitive can be used to express future. But in many cases, the future meaningfuture. But in many cases, the future meaning expressed by these auxiliaries are very oftenexpressed by these auxiliaries are very often colored by modal meanings from prediction tocolored by modal meanings from prediction to intention and volition.intention and volition.
-I will be here tomorrow. (future + intention)-I will be here tomorrow. (future + intention) -Tomorrows weather will be cold and cloudy.-Tomorrows weather will be cold and cloudy. (future + assumption)(future + assumption) -When shall I see you next? (listeners-When shall I see you next? (listeners intention)intention) 2) Will / shall + progressive infinitive2) Will / shall + progressive infinitive * This construction usually implies an action* This construction usually implies an action which will occur in the normal course ofwhich will occur in the normal course of events without any human involvement, ie.events without any human involvement, ie. without being colored by volition andwithout being colored by volition and intention.intention. -I will go to town this afternoon.-I will go to town this afternoon.
-Hurry up. They will be waiting.-Hurry up. They will be waiting. * This construction can also be used to denote* This construction can also be used to denote anan action that is still going onaction that is still going on at a given futureat a given future time.time. -I will be studying in London during August.-I will be studying in London during August. -What will you be doing this time tomorrow-What will you be doing this time tomorrow morning?morning? Will / shall + perfective infinitiveWill / shall + perfective infinitive This construction can be used to expressThis construction can be used to express anan action that has just finished before a givenaction that has just finished before a given future timefuture time.. -I will have completed the English course by-I will have completed the English course by this time next year.this time next year.
Will / shall + perfective progressive infinitiveWill / shall + perfective progressive infinitive IfIf an action has extended for a special length ofan action has extended for a special length of time before a given future moment and possiblytime before a given future moment and possibly continues at that momentcontinues at that moment, we can use this, we can use this construction.construction. -At the end of this week I shall have been-At the end of this week I shall have been studying in this country for exactly three years.studying in this country for exactly three years.
3) be going to + infinitive3) be going to + infinitive a) The uses of be going to + infinitivea) The uses of be going to + infinitive This construction is usually used to express twoThis construction is usually used to express two meanings: intention and prediction.meanings: intention and prediction. * In its first use, the be going to form implies* In its first use, the be going to form implies anan intention of doing something in the nearintention of doing something in the near futurefuture. The doer of the intended action is. The doer of the intended action is generally the subject of the sentence, but ingenerally the subject of the sentence, but in some contexts it may also be implied orsome contexts it may also be implied or realized by a different element, but withrealized by a different element, but with personal intention.personal intention. -Next year we are going to spend our summer-Next year we are going to spend our summer vacation in Sydney.vacation in Sydney. -A house is going to be built there.-A house is going to be built there.
In its second use, be going to can express theIn its second use, be going to can express the speakers feeling of certainty or strongspeakers feeling of certainty or strong probabilityprobability. The. The time is usually not mentionedtime is usually not mentioned,, but the action is expected to happen in the nearbut the action is expected to happen in the near or immediate future. It can be used with bothor immediate future. It can be used with both personal and non-personal subject.personal and non-personal subject. -She is going to have a baby.-She is going to have a baby. -It is going to rain.-It is going to rain. -He is going to arrive late at the concert.-He is going to arrive late at the concert. (context)(context) -He doesnt like music. He-He doesnt like music. He -He hasnt yet had supper. He .-He hasnt yet had supper. He .
b) Contrast between be going to and willb) Contrast between be going to and will *A. Be going to: premeditated intention*A. Be going to: premeditated intention Will: unpremeditated intentionWill: unpremeditated intention -She has bought some cloth; she is going to-She has bought some cloth; she is going to make herself a dress.make herself a dress. -Where is the telephone book? Ill get it for-Where is the telephone book? Ill get it for you.you.
e.g. You shall obey / are to obey / *are going toe.g. You shall obey / are to obey / *are going to obey my orders!obey my orders! (Im willing to let you obey my orders.)(Im willing to let you obey my orders.) She shant be / ?isnt to be / *isnt going to beShe shant be / ?isnt to be / *isnt going to be back late. (Im not willing to let her be back late)back late. (Im not willing to let her be back late) *B. The both forms can express prediction.*B. The both forms can express prediction. Be going to: implying that there are signs thatBe going to: implying that there are signs that something will happensomething will happen Will: implying what the speaker thinks orWill: implying what the speaker thinks or believes will happen, no signsbelieves will happen, no signs -She is going to have a baby. (She is-She is going to have a baby. (She is pregnant.)pregnant.)
Look at the balck cloudsLook at the balck clouds it *will rain / is going to rain.it *will rain / is going to rain. 4) Present progressive4) Present progressive The present progressiveThe present progressive can express an actioncan express an action that will happen in the near future according tothat will happen in the near future according to aa present arrangement, plan, or programpresent arrangement, plan, or program.. -What time are you coming back?-What time are you coming back? As a future form, the present progressive isAs a future form, the present progressive is widely used with verbs of movement from onewidely used with verbs of movement from one place to another such as go, come, leave, start,place to another such as go, come, leave, start, arrive, etc. and other dynamic verbs.arrive, etc. and other dynamic verbs. -We are leaving on Friday.-We are leaving on Friday.
≒When used to denote futurity, the futureWhen used to denote futurity, the future reference must be clearly indicated.reference must be clearly indicated. -He is washing the dishes. (now, later)-He is washing the dishes. (now, later) ≒Since both the be going to form and theSince both the be going to form and the present progressive can be used to refer to apresent progressive can be used to refer to a future happening arising from the presentfuture happening arising from the present decision, the two forms are sometimesdecision, the two forms are sometimes interchangeable for future reference.interchangeable for future reference. -She is getting married this winter.(=She is-She is getting married this winter.(=She is going to get married this winter.)going to get married this winter.)
We are going to invite / are inviting severalWe are going to invite / are inviting several people to the party.people to the party. When expressing that something will probablyWhen expressing that something will probably happen, we often use be going to.happen, we often use be going to. -I feel dizzy. I think I am going to faint.-I feel dizzy. I think I am going to faint. *I think I am fainting.*I think I am fainting.
5) Be to + infinitive5) Be to + infinitive 1) As a form expressing futurity, this construction can1) As a form expressing futurity, this construction can denotesdenotes a future happening based on a present plana future happening based on a present plan or arrangementor arrangement. It is very much. It is very much used in newspapers,used in newspapers, and in headlines with the verb be omitted to saveand in headlines with the verb be omitted to save spacespace.. -The line (is) to be open to traffic on October 1.-The line (is) to be open to traffic on October 1. 2) Another use of this construction is to convey orders,2) Another use of this construction is to convey orders, instructions, or prohibitions; it can also connoteinstructions, or prohibitions; it can also connote possibility or destiny.possibility or destiny. -You are to stand here. Do you understand? (order)-You are to stand here. Do you understand? (order) -The football match is not to be played tonight.-The football match is not to be played tonight. (possibility)(possibility)
The future action expressed by be to + infinitiveThe future action expressed by be to + infinitive is usually controlled by human will. In this case,is usually controlled by human will. In this case, be to + infinitive and be going to can be usedbe to + infinitive and be going to can be used interchangeably, but they have differentinterchangeably, but they have different meanings.meanings. -I am going to play football this afternoon.-I am going to play football this afternoon. (present intention)(present intention) -I am to play football this afternoon. (planned)-I am to play football this afternoon. (planned) Be going toBe going to cannotcannot be replaced by be tobe replaced by be to +infinitive when expressing the action that is+infinitive when expressing the action that is not controlled by human will.not controlled by human will. -He is going to be fat. *He is to be fat.-He is going to be fat. *He is to be fat. -It is going to rain. *It is to rain.-It is going to rain. *It is to rain.
Be about to +infinitiveBe about to +infinitive This construction expresses an immediateThis construction expresses an immediate future and can be used interchangeably withfuture and can be used interchangeably with be on the point of + -ing participlebe on the point of + -ing participle and withand with be just going to +infinitive.be just going to +infinitive. -We are just about to leave.-We are just about to leave. -The talk is just about to begin.-The talk is just about to begin.
6) Simple present6) Simple present a) The future use of the simple present is morea) The future use of the simple present is more frequentfrequent in dependent, especially conditionalin dependent, especially conditional and temporal, clausesand temporal, clauses than in main clauses.than in main clauses. --If you try hardIf you try hard, well be able to finish the plan., well be able to finish the plan. -Mr. Smith will telephone you-Mr. Smith will telephone you as soon as heas soon as he returns.returns. b) In main clauses, the simple present refers tob) In main clauses, the simple present refers to an immutable future event predetermined by aan immutable future event predetermined by a timetable or a schedule which is very definitetimetable or a schedule which is very definite and unalterable.and unalterable. -Tomorrow is my birthday.-Tomorrow is my birthday. -The term starts on September 1.-The term starts on September 1.
For future reference, the simple present, justFor future reference, the simple present, just like the present progressive, usually goes withlike the present progressive, usually goes with transitional verbs withtransitional verbs with the implication of athe implication of a plan or program already made,plan or program already made, but the planbut the plan implied by the simple present is moreimplied by the simple present is more impersonal than that by the presentimpersonal than that by the present progressive, and therefore, more fixed andprogressive, and therefore, more fixed and unalterable.unalterable.
One day I / you / he will die.One day I / you / he will die. *One day he is going to die*One day he is going to die I shall be 25 / *am going to be 25 next week.I shall be 25 / *am going to be 25 next week. Come to the party.Come to the party. Ok, I will bring / *bring /*am going to bring myOk, I will bring / *bring /*am going to bring my boyfriend.boyfriend.
the simple present, the present progressive andthe simple present, the present progressive and will + dowill + do e.g. The match starts/is starting at 2 oclock.e.g. The match starts/is starting at 2 oclock. We start / are starting for Istanbul tonight.We start / are starting for Istanbul tonight.
e.g. The exhibition closes / will close / *ise.g. The exhibition closes / will close / *is closing on Friday next week.closing on Friday next week. e.g. Tomorrow is / will be / *is being Saturday.e.g. Tomorrow is / will be / *is being Saturday. Next Christmas falls/will fall/ *is falling on aNext Christmas falls/will fall/ *is falling on a Thursday.Thursday.
PracticePractice Translate the following sentences:Translate the following sentences: 1. Eu voi merge acasa.1. Eu voi merge acasa. 2. Veti desena?2. Veti desena? 3. Diana won't sing.3. Diana won't sing. 4. The life will be beautiful.4. The life will be beautiful. 5. Noi nu vom povesti (spune).5. Noi nu vom povesti (spune). 6. This cart will dissapear.6. This cart will dissapear. 7. Unde veti locui?7. Unde veti locui? 8. Veti semna acolo?8. Veti semna acolo? 9. My mother will come.9. My mother will come. 10. Nu voi mai face iar.10. Nu voi mai face iar. 11. Va zbura? (11. Va zbura? (el /ea, neutruel /ea, neutru)) 12. I won't repeat.12. I won't repeat.
PracticePractice Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses:Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses: 1. A: Why are you holding a piece of paper?1. A: Why are you holding a piece of paper? B: I (write) a letter to my friends back home in Texas.B: I (write) a letter to my friends back home in Texas. 2. A: I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up!2. A: I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up! B: I (get) you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up.B: I (get) you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up. 3. A: I can't hear the television!3. A: I can't hear the television! B: I (turn) it up so you can hear it.B: I (turn) it up so you can hear it. 4. We are so excited about our trip next month to France. We (visit) Paris, Nice and Grenoble.4. We are so excited about our trip next month to France. We (visit) Paris, Nice and Grenoble. 5. Sarah (come) to the party. Oliver (be) there as well.5. Sarah (come) to the party. Oliver (be) there as well. 6. Ted: It is so hot in here!6. Ted: It is so hot in here! Sarah: I (turn) the air-conditioning on.Sarah: I (turn) the air-conditioning on. 7. I think he (be) the next President of the United States.7. I think he (be) the next President of the United States. 8. After I graduate, I (attend) medical school and become a doctor. I have wanted to be a doctor all my life.8. After I graduate, I (attend) medical school and become a doctor. I have wanted to be a doctor all my life. 9. A: Excuse me, I need to talk to someone about our hotel room. I am afraid it is simply too small for four people.9. A: Excuse me, I need to talk to someone about our hotel room. I am afraid it is simply too small for four people. B: That man at the service counter (help) you.B: That man at the service counter (help) you. 10. As soon as the weather clears up, we (walk) down to the beach and go swimming.10. As soon as the weather clears up, we (walk) down to the beach and go swimming.
THE ENDTHE END

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Means of expressing future time

  • 1. Means of Expressing Future TimeMeans of Expressing Future Time
  • 2. There are a number of grammatical means thatThere are a number of grammatical means that can be used to express future time.can be used to express future time. Shall and will are only one form among them.Shall and will are only one form among them. So when we say that English has no futureSo when we say that English has no future tense, we certainly do not mean that Englishtense, we certainly do not mean that English has not the means of expressing future time.has not the means of expressing future time. Instead there are a number of constructionsInstead there are a number of constructions that can be used to denote futurity in English.that can be used to denote futurity in English.
  • 3. Constructions denoting future timeConstructions denoting future time Future time can be expressed by means ofFuture time can be expressed by means of modal auxiliaries, semi-auxiliaries, the simplemodal auxiliaries, semi-auxiliaries, the simple present and present progressive forms.present and present progressive forms. 1)Will / shall + infinitive1)Will / shall + infinitive Will / shall + infinitive can be used to expressWill / shall + infinitive can be used to express future. But in many cases, the future meaningfuture. But in many cases, the future meaning expressed by these auxiliaries are very oftenexpressed by these auxiliaries are very often colored by modal meanings from prediction tocolored by modal meanings from prediction to intention and volition.intention and volition.
  • 4. -I will be here tomorrow. (future + intention)-I will be here tomorrow. (future + intention) -Tomorrows weather will be cold and cloudy.-Tomorrows weather will be cold and cloudy. (future + assumption)(future + assumption) -When shall I see you next? (listeners-When shall I see you next? (listeners intention)intention) 2) Will / shall + progressive infinitive2) Will / shall + progressive infinitive * This construction usually implies an action* This construction usually implies an action which will occur in the normal course ofwhich will occur in the normal course of events without any human involvement, ie.events without any human involvement, ie. without being colored by volition andwithout being colored by volition and intention.intention. -I will go to town this afternoon.-I will go to town this afternoon.
  • 5. -Hurry up. They will be waiting.-Hurry up. They will be waiting. * This construction can also be used to denote* This construction can also be used to denote anan action that is still going onaction that is still going on at a given futureat a given future time.time. -I will be studying in London during August.-I will be studying in London during August. -What will you be doing this time tomorrow-What will you be doing this time tomorrow morning?morning? Will / shall + perfective infinitiveWill / shall + perfective infinitive This construction can be used to expressThis construction can be used to express anan action that has just finished before a givenaction that has just finished before a given future timefuture time.. -I will have completed the English course by-I will have completed the English course by this time next year.this time next year.
  • 6. Will / shall + perfective progressive infinitiveWill / shall + perfective progressive infinitive IfIf an action has extended for a special length ofan action has extended for a special length of time before a given future moment and possiblytime before a given future moment and possibly continues at that momentcontinues at that moment, we can use this, we can use this construction.construction. -At the end of this week I shall have been-At the end of this week I shall have been studying in this country for exactly three years.studying in this country for exactly three years.
  • 7. 3) be going to + infinitive3) be going to + infinitive a) The uses of be going to + infinitivea) The uses of be going to + infinitive This construction is usually used to express twoThis construction is usually used to express two meanings: intention and prediction.meanings: intention and prediction. * In its first use, the be going to form implies* In its first use, the be going to form implies anan intention of doing something in the nearintention of doing something in the near futurefuture. The doer of the intended action is. The doer of the intended action is generally the subject of the sentence, but ingenerally the subject of the sentence, but in some contexts it may also be implied orsome contexts it may also be implied or realized by a different element, but withrealized by a different element, but with personal intention.personal intention. -Next year we are going to spend our summer-Next year we are going to spend our summer vacation in Sydney.vacation in Sydney. -A house is going to be built there.-A house is going to be built there.
  • 8. In its second use, be going to can express theIn its second use, be going to can express the speakers feeling of certainty or strongspeakers feeling of certainty or strong probabilityprobability. The. The time is usually not mentionedtime is usually not mentioned,, but the action is expected to happen in the nearbut the action is expected to happen in the near or immediate future. It can be used with bothor immediate future. It can be used with both personal and non-personal subject.personal and non-personal subject. -She is going to have a baby.-She is going to have a baby. -It is going to rain.-It is going to rain. -He is going to arrive late at the concert.-He is going to arrive late at the concert. (context)(context) -He doesnt like music. He-He doesnt like music. He -He hasnt yet had supper. He .-He hasnt yet had supper. He .
  • 9. b) Contrast between be going to and willb) Contrast between be going to and will *A. Be going to: premeditated intention*A. Be going to: premeditated intention Will: unpremeditated intentionWill: unpremeditated intention -She has bought some cloth; she is going to-She has bought some cloth; she is going to make herself a dress.make herself a dress. -Where is the telephone book? Ill get it for-Where is the telephone book? Ill get it for you.you.
  • 10. e.g. You shall obey / are to obey / *are going toe.g. You shall obey / are to obey / *are going to obey my orders!obey my orders! (Im willing to let you obey my orders.)(Im willing to let you obey my orders.) She shant be / ?isnt to be / *isnt going to beShe shant be / ?isnt to be / *isnt going to be back late. (Im not willing to let her be back late)back late. (Im not willing to let her be back late) *B. The both forms can express prediction.*B. The both forms can express prediction. Be going to: implying that there are signs thatBe going to: implying that there are signs that something will happensomething will happen Will: implying what the speaker thinks orWill: implying what the speaker thinks or believes will happen, no signsbelieves will happen, no signs -She is going to have a baby. (She is-She is going to have a baby. (She is pregnant.)pregnant.)
  • 11. Look at the balck cloudsLook at the balck clouds it *will rain / is going to rain.it *will rain / is going to rain. 4) Present progressive4) Present progressive The present progressiveThe present progressive can express an actioncan express an action that will happen in the near future according tothat will happen in the near future according to aa present arrangement, plan, or programpresent arrangement, plan, or program.. -What time are you coming back?-What time are you coming back? As a future form, the present progressive isAs a future form, the present progressive is widely used with verbs of movement from onewidely used with verbs of movement from one place to another such as go, come, leave, start,place to another such as go, come, leave, start, arrive, etc. and other dynamic verbs.arrive, etc. and other dynamic verbs. -We are leaving on Friday.-We are leaving on Friday.
  • 12. ≒When used to denote futurity, the futureWhen used to denote futurity, the future reference must be clearly indicated.reference must be clearly indicated. -He is washing the dishes. (now, later)-He is washing the dishes. (now, later) ≒Since both the be going to form and theSince both the be going to form and the present progressive can be used to refer to apresent progressive can be used to refer to a future happening arising from the presentfuture happening arising from the present decision, the two forms are sometimesdecision, the two forms are sometimes interchangeable for future reference.interchangeable for future reference. -She is getting married this winter.(=She is-She is getting married this winter.(=She is going to get married this winter.)going to get married this winter.)
  • 13. We are going to invite / are inviting severalWe are going to invite / are inviting several people to the party.people to the party. When expressing that something will probablyWhen expressing that something will probably happen, we often use be going to.happen, we often use be going to. -I feel dizzy. I think I am going to faint.-I feel dizzy. I think I am going to faint. *I think I am fainting.*I think I am fainting.
  • 14. 5) Be to + infinitive5) Be to + infinitive 1) As a form expressing futurity, this construction can1) As a form expressing futurity, this construction can denotesdenotes a future happening based on a present plana future happening based on a present plan or arrangementor arrangement. It is very much. It is very much used in newspapers,used in newspapers, and in headlines with the verb be omitted to saveand in headlines with the verb be omitted to save spacespace.. -The line (is) to be open to traffic on October 1.-The line (is) to be open to traffic on October 1. 2) Another use of this construction is to convey orders,2) Another use of this construction is to convey orders, instructions, or prohibitions; it can also connoteinstructions, or prohibitions; it can also connote possibility or destiny.possibility or destiny. -You are to stand here. Do you understand? (order)-You are to stand here. Do you understand? (order) -The football match is not to be played tonight.-The football match is not to be played tonight. (possibility)(possibility)
  • 15. The future action expressed by be to + infinitiveThe future action expressed by be to + infinitive is usually controlled by human will. In this case,is usually controlled by human will. In this case, be to + infinitive and be going to can be usedbe to + infinitive and be going to can be used interchangeably, but they have differentinterchangeably, but they have different meanings.meanings. -I am going to play football this afternoon.-I am going to play football this afternoon. (present intention)(present intention) -I am to play football this afternoon. (planned)-I am to play football this afternoon. (planned) Be going toBe going to cannotcannot be replaced by be tobe replaced by be to +infinitive when expressing the action that is+infinitive when expressing the action that is not controlled by human will.not controlled by human will. -He is going to be fat. *He is to be fat.-He is going to be fat. *He is to be fat. -It is going to rain. *It is to rain.-It is going to rain. *It is to rain.
  • 16. Be about to +infinitiveBe about to +infinitive This construction expresses an immediateThis construction expresses an immediate future and can be used interchangeably withfuture and can be used interchangeably with be on the point of + -ing participlebe on the point of + -ing participle and withand with be just going to +infinitive.be just going to +infinitive. -We are just about to leave.-We are just about to leave. -The talk is just about to begin.-The talk is just about to begin.
  • 17. 6) Simple present6) Simple present a) The future use of the simple present is morea) The future use of the simple present is more frequentfrequent in dependent, especially conditionalin dependent, especially conditional and temporal, clausesand temporal, clauses than in main clauses.than in main clauses. --If you try hardIf you try hard, well be able to finish the plan., well be able to finish the plan. -Mr. Smith will telephone you-Mr. Smith will telephone you as soon as heas soon as he returns.returns. b) In main clauses, the simple present refers tob) In main clauses, the simple present refers to an immutable future event predetermined by aan immutable future event predetermined by a timetable or a schedule which is very definitetimetable or a schedule which is very definite and unalterable.and unalterable. -Tomorrow is my birthday.-Tomorrow is my birthday. -The term starts on September 1.-The term starts on September 1.
  • 18. For future reference, the simple present, justFor future reference, the simple present, just like the present progressive, usually goes withlike the present progressive, usually goes with transitional verbs withtransitional verbs with the implication of athe implication of a plan or program already made,plan or program already made, but the planbut the plan implied by the simple present is moreimplied by the simple present is more impersonal than that by the presentimpersonal than that by the present progressive, and therefore, more fixed andprogressive, and therefore, more fixed and unalterable.unalterable.
  • 19. One day I / you / he will die.One day I / you / he will die. *One day he is going to die*One day he is going to die I shall be 25 / *am going to be 25 next week.I shall be 25 / *am going to be 25 next week. Come to the party.Come to the party. Ok, I will bring / *bring /*am going to bring myOk, I will bring / *bring /*am going to bring my boyfriend.boyfriend.
  • 20. the simple present, the present progressive andthe simple present, the present progressive and will + dowill + do e.g. The match starts/is starting at 2 oclock.e.g. The match starts/is starting at 2 oclock. We start / are starting for Istanbul tonight.We start / are starting for Istanbul tonight.
  • 21. e.g. The exhibition closes / will close / *ise.g. The exhibition closes / will close / *is closing on Friday next week.closing on Friday next week. e.g. Tomorrow is / will be / *is being Saturday.e.g. Tomorrow is / will be / *is being Saturday. Next Christmas falls/will fall/ *is falling on aNext Christmas falls/will fall/ *is falling on a Thursday.Thursday.
  • 22. PracticePractice Translate the following sentences:Translate the following sentences: 1. Eu voi merge acasa.1. Eu voi merge acasa. 2. Veti desena?2. Veti desena? 3. Diana won't sing.3. Diana won't sing. 4. The life will be beautiful.4. The life will be beautiful. 5. Noi nu vom povesti (spune).5. Noi nu vom povesti (spune). 6. This cart will dissapear.6. This cart will dissapear. 7. Unde veti locui?7. Unde veti locui? 8. Veti semna acolo?8. Veti semna acolo? 9. My mother will come.9. My mother will come. 10. Nu voi mai face iar.10. Nu voi mai face iar. 11. Va zbura? (11. Va zbura? (el /ea, neutruel /ea, neutru)) 12. I won't repeat.12. I won't repeat.
  • 23. PracticePractice Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses:Using the words in parentheses, complete the text below with the appropriate tenses: 1. A: Why are you holding a piece of paper?1. A: Why are you holding a piece of paper? B: I (write) a letter to my friends back home in Texas.B: I (write) a letter to my friends back home in Texas. 2. A: I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up!2. A: I'm about to fall asleep. I need to wake up! B: I (get) you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up.B: I (get) you a cup of coffee. That will wake you up. 3. A: I can't hear the television!3. A: I can't hear the television! B: I (turn) it up so you can hear it.B: I (turn) it up so you can hear it. 4. We are so excited about our trip next month to France. We (visit) Paris, Nice and Grenoble.4. We are so excited about our trip next month to France. We (visit) Paris, Nice and Grenoble. 5. Sarah (come) to the party. Oliver (be) there as well.5. Sarah (come) to the party. Oliver (be) there as well. 6. Ted: It is so hot in here!6. Ted: It is so hot in here! Sarah: I (turn) the air-conditioning on.Sarah: I (turn) the air-conditioning on. 7. I think he (be) the next President of the United States.7. I think he (be) the next President of the United States. 8. After I graduate, I (attend) medical school and become a doctor. I have wanted to be a doctor all my life.8. After I graduate, I (attend) medical school and become a doctor. I have wanted to be a doctor all my life. 9. A: Excuse me, I need to talk to someone about our hotel room. I am afraid it is simply too small for four people.9. A: Excuse me, I need to talk to someone about our hotel room. I am afraid it is simply too small for four people. B: That man at the service counter (help) you.B: That man at the service counter (help) you. 10. As soon as the weather clears up, we (walk) down to the beach and go swimming.10. As soon as the weather clears up, we (walk) down to the beach and go swimming.