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07 nucleic acids

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atmanandharmony

Nucleic acids like DNA and RNA are made of nucleotides and store genetic information. DNA is double-stranded and located in the nucleus, while RNA is single-stranded and found in the cytoplasm. Nucleotides consist of a phosphate, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base. DNA uses complementary base pairing between adenine and thymine or cytosine and guanine to form its double helix structure.

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NUCLEIC ACIDS
WHAT ARE NUCLEIC ACIDS? • Used for: • Storing genetic information • Assembly instructions for protein synthesis • Energy molecule (ATP – adenosine triphosphate) • Two major nucleic acid polymers: • DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid • RNA: ribonucleic acid
NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA RNA - Located in the nucleus - Located mostly in the cytoplasm - Double-stranded, double helix structure - Single-stranded structure - Stable molecule - Less stable molecule
NUCLEOTIDES • Monomer of nucleic acids • Three components: 1. Phosphate 2. Pentose sugar 3. Nitrogenous base
NUCLEOSIDE
PENTOSE SUGAR
NITROGENOUS BASES Purines Pyrimidines RNA DNA
PHOSPHODIESTER BOND • Phosphodiester bond formed between nucleotides: • Pentose sugar (-OH group) • Phosphate group
‘BACKBONE’ OF DNA • Linking nucleotides produces a single strand of DNA • Phosphate + deoxyribose = backbone
COMPLIMENTARY BASE PAIRING • Nitrogenous bases are joined through Hydrogen bonding • Complimentary base pairs: • Adenine + Thymine • 2 H bonds • Cytosine + Guanine • 3 H bonds
ANTI-PARALLEL STRANDS • Complimentary base pairing results in double-stranded DNA • Both DNA strands run anti-parallel to each other (oriented in opposite directions) One strand is 5’  3’ while the other is 3’  5’
COMPLIMENTARY BASE PAIRING • The 2 anti-parallel strands coil together to form a double helix.
DOUBLE HELIX
OVERVIEW

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07 nucleic acids

  • 2. WHAT ARE NUCLEIC ACIDS? • Used for: • Storing genetic information • Assembly instructions for protein synthesis • Energy molecule (ATP – adenosine triphosphate) • Two major nucleic acid polymers: • DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid • RNA: ribonucleic acid
  • 3. NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA RNA - Located in the nucleus - Located mostly in the cytoplasm - Double-stranded, double helix structure - Single-stranded structure - Stable molecule - Less stable molecule
  • 4. NUCLEOTIDES • Monomer of nucleic acids • Three components: 1. Phosphate 2. Pentose sugar 3. Nitrogenous base
  • 7. NITROGENOUS BASES Purines Pyrimidines RNA DNA
  • 8. PHOSPHODIESTER BOND • Phosphodiester bond formed between nucleotides: • Pentose sugar (-OH group) • Phosphate group
  • 9. ‘BACKBONE’ OF DNA • Linking nucleotides produces a single strand of DNA • Phosphate + deoxyribose = backbone
  • 10. COMPLIMENTARY BASE PAIRING • Nitrogenous bases are joined through Hydrogen bonding • Complimentary base pairs: • Adenine + Thymine • 2 H bonds • Cytosine + Guanine • 3 H bonds
  • 11. ANTI-PARALLEL STRANDS • Complimentary base pairing results in double-stranded DNA • Both DNA strands run anti-parallel to each other (oriented in opposite directions) One strand is 5’  3’ while the other is 3’  5’
  • 12. COMPLIMENTARY BASE PAIRING • The 2 anti-parallel strands coil together to form a double helix.

Editor's Notes

  • #2: http://htwins.net/scale2/