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Mapping Map Kibera. What is behind the map?

Elisabetta Demartis
Elisabetta Demartis

Presentation made during the III Congress of the Italian University Network for Development Cooperation (CUCS). Turin, 19-21 September 2013

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CUCSTorino2013 Imagining cultures of cooperation: universities networking to face the new development challenges III Congress of the Italian University Network for Development Cooperation (CUCS) Turin, 19-21 September 2013 Mapping Map Kibera: What is behind the map? Elisabetta Demartis University of Turin, , eliz-de@hotmail.it
The Project A partecipatory mapping activity in Kibera slum Where? In Kibera slum, Nairobi (Kenya).
Kibera: the second largest African slum - Home to a population ranging from 235.000 to 1.200.000, depending on the sources and on the period - Are represented almost all Kenya tribes but Luos are the main ethnic group - Despite the lack of public services, the slum is a big recipient of NGOs and international organizations
The partecipatory mapping software: Open-Street Map - An opensource GPS, the Wikipedia of the maps - Thanks to a small grant from Jump start International, a group of Kibera youth was trained to use OSM by the two founders Mikel Maron and Erica Hagen and they produced the first public digital map of Kibera
Map Kibera The initiative started in 2009 with Ground Truth Initiative, with a small grant from Jumpstart International that allowed them to create the first digital map of Kibera How? Training a group of local youths in the use of an open source GPS tool: Open Street Map Projects Mappers: mapping project that uses Open Street Map Voice of Kibera: blogger and SMS reporting team that uses the Ushahidi platform to enable residents to text in reports on events in Kibera Kibera News Network: video maker who create documentaries about Kibera enhancing citizen journalism
The Research - What is behind the map? - What are the relationship between local actors and the mappers using a technology? - Do the Kibera stakeholders have influence in acting community project like mapping activities? Framework - Make a contribution to the broader theme of ICT4D - Analyze what make possible the creation of a map in an informal settlement - Actor Network Theory
Metodology Three focus groups and interviews aimed to: 1. Get the general understanding of the mapping process in a slum 2. Know the implication of the mapping process into the community environment and discover the social background of the mappers 3. Draft a map of the slum to underline the networks and relationships between the mappers and the slum local actors
Mapping processes 1. Finding the point of interests for the entire community 2. Getting in touch with the community stakeholders 3. Organizing general stakeholder meetings 4. Participatory mapping: involving the community in the process 5. Editing data in the office 6. The practical work: to the field 7. The sharing process: sharing the results with the community 8. Using the maps for a common interest Objective? Get the general understanding of the mapping processes Findings? Eight mapping processes I Meeting
Challenges? - They see the mappers like a spy - In some not really safe areas they have to hide the GPS while they work, also if they can recognize tricky people, thief or dangerous situations - To map Kibera we have to be from Kibera - Problems related to the weather conditions I Meeting IN THE FIELD IN USING THE EQUIPMENT
Findings? - They identified every important connection thethey have in the slum as a community perperson and Map Kibera mappers - Partecipants recognition of their social relrelations in Kibera community Objective? What is the mapper background and relationship with Kibera community and institutions? II Meeting
A mapper hanging their social relationship stickers on the wall
Mappers hanging their social relationship stickers on the wall
Categories 1. church 2. NGOs 3. CBOs 4. school 5. administrations 6. health facilities Objective? - The construction of a social relations map - Understand what type of local actor they deal with Findings? - Six categories, reproducing both the personal and professional relationship - A final map representing the mapper social relations in Kibera community III Meeting
Some actor categories identified during the meeting
A mapper tracing the border of Kibera in a Transparent sheet
Working on the map
Working on the map
I Meeting We identified eight mapping processes: what they do before to map a zone, during the project and in the sharing preocess with Kibera community II Meeting They identified the connections they have in the slum as a mapper and as a citizen III Meeting Creation of a social relation map and six categories of local actor that are essential to implement mapping projects Summarizing
Conclusion - Have a perfect knowledge of the zone as a necessary prerequisite to be a mapper (all the mappers live, or used to live, in Kibera) - In Map Kibera case behind the use of the ICTs and technology, there are a range of relationships between people, places, workplaces and institutions Fundamental to maintaining confidence among the community and implement participatory mapping activities Hidden power that affects social relations and collective action in Kibera?
Starting point for further research? Social dynamycs - Who are the most influential stakeholders in the slums? - What tribe and which political party they belong to? - What relationships have with other local actors and with the same slum community? ICT4D - Can a partecipatory GPS programme work in every kind of slum? - How can an open source software affect the success of a partecipatory mapping project? - How do the technology influence the relationship among local actors in Kibera slum?
THANK YOU! Contacts eliz-de@hotmail.it Elsabetta Demartis @elidemartis http://blog.wired.it/ictpeople

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Mapping Map Kibera. What is behind the map?

  • 1. CUCSTorino2013 Imagining cultures of cooperation: universities networking to face the new development challenges III Congress of the Italian University Network for Development Cooperation (CUCS) Turin, 19-21 September 2013 Mapping Map Kibera: What is behind the map? Elisabetta Demartis University of Turin, , eliz-de@hotmail.it
  • 2. The Project A partecipatory mapping activity in Kibera slum Where? In Kibera slum, Nairobi (Kenya).
  • 3. Kibera: the second largest African slum - Home to a population ranging from 235.000 to 1.200.000, depending on the sources and on the period - Are represented almost all Kenya tribes but Luos are the main ethnic group - Despite the lack of public services, the slum is a big recipient of NGOs and international organizations
  • 4. The partecipatory mapping software: Open-Street Map - An opensource GPS, the Wikipedia of the maps - Thanks to a small grant from Jump start International, a group of Kibera youth was trained to use OSM by the two founders Mikel Maron and Erica Hagen and they produced the first public digital map of Kibera
  • 5. Map Kibera The initiative started in 2009 with Ground Truth Initiative, with a small grant from Jumpstart International that allowed them to create the first digital map of Kibera How? Training a group of local youths in the use of an open source GPS tool: Open Street Map Projects Mappers: mapping project that uses Open Street Map Voice of Kibera: blogger and SMS reporting team that uses the Ushahidi platform to enable residents to text in reports on events in Kibera Kibera News Network: video maker who create documentaries about Kibera enhancing citizen journalism
  • 6. The Research - What is behind the map? - What are the relationship between local actors and the mappers using a technology? - Do the Kibera stakeholders have influence in acting community project like mapping activities? Framework - Make a contribution to the broader theme of ICT4D - Analyze what make possible the creation of a map in an informal settlement - Actor Network Theory
  • 7. Metodology Three focus groups and interviews aimed to: 1. Get the general understanding of the mapping process in a slum 2. Know the implication of the mapping process into the community environment and discover the social background of the mappers 3. Draft a map of the slum to underline the networks and relationships between the mappers and the slum local actors
  • 8. Mapping processes 1. Finding the point of interests for the entire community 2. Getting in touch with the community stakeholders 3. Organizing general stakeholder meetings 4. Participatory mapping: involving the community in the process 5. Editing data in the office 6. The practical work: to the field 7. The sharing process: sharing the results with the community 8. Using the maps for a common interest Objective? Get the general understanding of the mapping processes Findings? Eight mapping processes I Meeting
  • 9. Challenges? - They see the mappers like a spy - In some not really safe areas they have to hide the GPS while they work, also if they can recognize tricky people, thief or dangerous situations - To map Kibera we have to be from Kibera - Problems related to the weather conditions I Meeting IN THE FIELD IN USING THE EQUIPMENT
  • 10. Findings? - They identified every important connection thethey have in the slum as a community perperson and Map Kibera mappers - Partecipants recognition of their social relrelations in Kibera community Objective? What is the mapper background and relationship with Kibera community and institutions? II Meeting
  • 11. A mapper hanging their social relationship stickers on the wall
  • 12. Mappers hanging their social relationship stickers on the wall
  • 13. Categories 1. church 2. NGOs 3. CBOs 4. school 5. administrations 6. health facilities Objective? - The construction of a social relations map - Understand what type of local actor they deal with Findings? - Six categories, reproducing both the personal and professional relationship - A final map representing the mapper social relations in Kibera community III Meeting
  • 14. Some actor categories identified during the meeting
  • 15. A mapper tracing the border of Kibera in a Transparent sheet
  • 18. I Meeting We identified eight mapping processes: what they do before to map a zone, during the project and in the sharing preocess with Kibera community II Meeting They identified the connections they have in the slum as a mapper and as a citizen III Meeting Creation of a social relation map and six categories of local actor that are essential to implement mapping projects Summarizing
  • 19. Conclusion - Have a perfect knowledge of the zone as a necessary prerequisite to be a mapper (all the mappers live, or used to live, in Kibera) - In Map Kibera case behind the use of the ICTs and technology, there are a range of relationships between people, places, workplaces and institutions Fundamental to maintaining confidence among the community and implement participatory mapping activities Hidden power that affects social relations and collective action in Kibera?
  • 20. Starting point for further research? Social dynamycs - Who are the most influential stakeholders in the slums? - What tribe and which political party they belong to? - What relationships have with other local actors and with the same slum community? ICT4D - Can a partecipatory GPS programme work in every kind of slum? - How can an open source software affect the success of a partecipatory mapping project? - How do the technology influence the relationship among local actors in Kibera slum?