People have a craving for the outdoors for several reasons. Spending time in nature provides psychological benefits like reduced stress from being in fresh air away from cities. It also improves bonding with family and friends during outdoor activities. Being active outdoors as a youth provides skills that lead to success later in life, such as risk assessment, self-reliance, teamwork and environmental stewardship. Some extreme examples show that adventurers are drawn to challenging themselves in the outdoors through activities like caving, despite risks. Overall, interacting with the natural world enhances both mental and physical well-being.
The document appears to be a biography or retrospective of an individual named Daron Bruce. It includes photos from his childhood, school years, performances in musical theater productions, and time as a teacher. The photos are not viewable as the document notes QuickTime and an uncompressed TIFF decompressor are needed. It highlights places he lived, schools he attended, shows he performed in, and colleagues from his career.
The document appears to be a photo biography of Daron Bruce. It shows pictures from his childhood in Centralia, Illinois through various school and community theater productions. The pictures document his time at Centralia schools, Southern Illinois University, and roles in musicals at different theaters across Tennessee and Illinois from the 1980s to 2011.
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Taoism is a philosophy or religion based on living in harmony with the Tao or natural order of the universe. Taoists believe people should live in balance with nature and protect the environment rather than destroy it. They also believe in nonviolence, avoiding war, stealing, fighting or lying, and maintaining balance between opposing forces like yin and yang.
The document appears to be a collection of self-portraits by famous artists that require QuickTime and a decompressor to view. However, the actual images are missing and the document only provides notices that software is needed to see each picture. It repeats this message over multiple pages without including any images.
This document provides information for attendees of a music festival event. It includes details about transportation, meeting times and locations before the event starts, what to wear, what to bring, food and drink options, rules and guidelines during the event, and things to do after the event ends for the night. Attendees are encouraged to help promote the event and bring people to different areas. The document provides tips and reminders to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience for all.
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This document discusses using Creative Commons licenses for design projects. It provides examples of design projects that have used various Creative Commons licenses, including projects related to photography, illustrations, software programs, and more. The document encourages readers to remix and reuse works licensed under Creative Commons to build their own designs and projects. It concludes by providing contact information for Creative Commons and links to additional resources.
The document discusses portraits and obscuring portraits. Traditionally, portraits aimed to capture the likeness and personality of the subject. However, these portraits have been obscured, making the subjects unclear or vague. Several obscured portrait photos are then included.
The document lists different types of roof designs including gable-front, side, cross, gambrel, hipped, mansard, flat, shed, domical, and conical roofs.
This document discusses the history of music videos. It notes that while their origins date back further, music videos came into prominence in the 1980s when MTV's format was based around them. It describes some early examples like the Beatles' 1964 film A Hard Day's Night and Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody" video. It also discusses how British TV show Top of the Pops began playing music videos in the late 1970s to boost song sales.
The document is an altered book containing repeated text stating that QuickTime and a TIFF uncompressed decompressor are needed to view the included pictures, though no pictures are shown in the provided text. The same message is repeated over 15 times throughout the document.
Electron microscopes have higher magnification and resolution than light microscopes, allowing visualization at the nanometer level, but they are more expensive to purchase and operate. Light microscopes are cheaper but have lower magnification and resolution, only allowing visualization at the micron level. Both microscope types have advantages and disadvantages depending on the application and what is being viewed.
The document repeatedly states that QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to view a picture. This message is repeated over 30 times throughout the document.
This document discusses asking about someone's age in Spanish. It introduces the forms "tengo" and "tienes" to talk about one's own age or ask someone directly. It then explains that "tiene" is used with third-person pronouns like "辿l/ella" to ask about the age of someone not present. Examples are provided of asking "多Cu叩ntos a単os tiene?" followed by the answer with the person's name and age.
The document provides instructions for auditioning for The Real World TV show. It outlines the age requirements, contact information needed for the application, and suggests including a brief bio and footage showing one's versatility and love of partying in the audition tape. Storyboards included depict filming introductory information and showing daily activities to "sell oneself" for the reality TV show role.
The document provides instructions for auditioning for the Real World TV show. It outlines the age requirements, information needed in the application, and suggests filming an audition tape showing daily activities and partying to demonstrate being a versatile person. A storyboard outlines filming oneself describing basic info, then showing footage and pictures of various daily activities and partying to "sell oneself" for the reality TV show role.
The document repeatedly states that QuickTime and a TIFF decompressor are needed to view the attached picture file. It provides the same message about the required software 11 times without including any other context or information.
The document provides instructions for students to learn classroom expressions. It lists expressions like "repeat after me", "listen", "open your book", "speak", "close your book", and "write the expressions on your paper". The teacher uses the expressions to guide student participation and engagement in the classroom.
The document is a repetitive list stating that QuickTime and a TIFF uncompressed decompressor are needed to see the picture. This message is repeated over 50 times throughout the document.
Barbituates like phenobarbital are central nervous system depressants that slow brain activity, while stimulants like amphetamines increase brain activity by increasing levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine. Both classes of drugs work by altering brain chemistry but have opposite effects on mental state and behavior.
Piri Thomas was a Puerto Rican-American writer who grew up in New York City. He became involved with drugs and crime and was imprisoned. While in prison, he discovered his talent for writing. His works celebrate the strength and determination of Puerto Rican and African-American communities in NYC as he grew up facing new responsibilities.
The document summarizes how communism treats people as tools by comparing depictions in Anthem, Animal Farm, and real-world communist governments. It notes that in these works and in reality, people have no individual identity and are used solely for their labor. Their lives and freedoms are completely controlled by the communist regime.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is caused by microbes, usually bacteria, entering the urinary tract. Women are at higher risk with a 50% chance of getting a UTI in their lifetime. Symptoms include burning urination, abdominal pain, back pain, fever, and cloudy urine. UTI's are diagnosed through urine testing and treated with antibiotics, hydration, probiotic foods, and good hygiene.
Acute & Chronic Inflammation, Chemical mediators in Inflammation and Wound he...Ganapathi Vankudoth
油
A complete information of Inflammation, it includes types of Inflammation, purpose of Inflammation, pathogenesis of acute inflammation, chemical mediators in inflammation, types of chronic inflammation, wound healing and Inflammation in skin repair, phases of wound healing, factors influencing wound healing and types of wound healing.
The document appears to be a collection of self-portraits by famous artists that require QuickTime and a decompressor to view. However, the actual images are missing and the document only provides notices that software is needed to see each picture. It repeats this message over multiple pages without including any images.
This document provides information for attendees of a music festival event. It includes details about transportation, meeting times and locations before the event starts, what to wear, what to bring, food and drink options, rules and guidelines during the event, and things to do after the event ends for the night. Attendees are encouraged to help promote the event and bring people to different areas. The document provides tips and reminders to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience for all.
To view the picture, the user must have QuickTime installed as well as a TIFF decompressor to handle uncompressed TIFF files. Both of these programs are needed to properly display the image contained in the file.
This document discusses using Creative Commons licenses for design projects. It provides examples of design projects that have used various Creative Commons licenses, including projects related to photography, illustrations, software programs, and more. The document encourages readers to remix and reuse works licensed under Creative Commons to build their own designs and projects. It concludes by providing contact information for Creative Commons and links to additional resources.
The document discusses portraits and obscuring portraits. Traditionally, portraits aimed to capture the likeness and personality of the subject. However, these portraits have been obscured, making the subjects unclear or vague. Several obscured portrait photos are then included.
The document lists different types of roof designs including gable-front, side, cross, gambrel, hipped, mansard, flat, shed, domical, and conical roofs.
This document discusses the history of music videos. It notes that while their origins date back further, music videos came into prominence in the 1980s when MTV's format was based around them. It describes some early examples like the Beatles' 1964 film A Hard Day's Night and Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody" video. It also discusses how British TV show Top of the Pops began playing music videos in the late 1970s to boost song sales.
The document is an altered book containing repeated text stating that QuickTime and a TIFF uncompressed decompressor are needed to view the included pictures, though no pictures are shown in the provided text. The same message is repeated over 15 times throughout the document.
Electron microscopes have higher magnification and resolution than light microscopes, allowing visualization at the nanometer level, but they are more expensive to purchase and operate. Light microscopes are cheaper but have lower magnification and resolution, only allowing visualization at the micron level. Both microscope types have advantages and disadvantages depending on the application and what is being viewed.
The document repeatedly states that QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to view a picture. This message is repeated over 30 times throughout the document.
This document discusses asking about someone's age in Spanish. It introduces the forms "tengo" and "tienes" to talk about one's own age or ask someone directly. It then explains that "tiene" is used with third-person pronouns like "辿l/ella" to ask about the age of someone not present. Examples are provided of asking "多Cu叩ntos a単os tiene?" followed by the answer with the person's name and age.
The document provides instructions for auditioning for The Real World TV show. It outlines the age requirements, contact information needed for the application, and suggests including a brief bio and footage showing one's versatility and love of partying in the audition tape. Storyboards included depict filming introductory information and showing daily activities to "sell oneself" for the reality TV show role.
The document provides instructions for auditioning for the Real World TV show. It outlines the age requirements, information needed in the application, and suggests filming an audition tape showing daily activities and partying to demonstrate being a versatile person. A storyboard outlines filming oneself describing basic info, then showing footage and pictures of various daily activities and partying to "sell oneself" for the reality TV show role.
The document repeatedly states that QuickTime and a TIFF decompressor are needed to view the attached picture file. It provides the same message about the required software 11 times without including any other context or information.
The document provides instructions for students to learn classroom expressions. It lists expressions like "repeat after me", "listen", "open your book", "speak", "close your book", and "write the expressions on your paper". The teacher uses the expressions to guide student participation and engagement in the classroom.
The document is a repetitive list stating that QuickTime and a TIFF uncompressed decompressor are needed to see the picture. This message is repeated over 50 times throughout the document.
Barbituates like phenobarbital are central nervous system depressants that slow brain activity, while stimulants like amphetamines increase brain activity by increasing levels of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine. Both classes of drugs work by altering brain chemistry but have opposite effects on mental state and behavior.
Piri Thomas was a Puerto Rican-American writer who grew up in New York City. He became involved with drugs and crime and was imprisoned. While in prison, he discovered his talent for writing. His works celebrate the strength and determination of Puerto Rican and African-American communities in NYC as he grew up facing new responsibilities.
The document summarizes how communism treats people as tools by comparing depictions in Anthem, Animal Farm, and real-world communist governments. It notes that in these works and in reality, people have no individual identity and are used solely for their labor. Their lives and freedoms are completely controlled by the communist regime.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is caused by microbes, usually bacteria, entering the urinary tract. Women are at higher risk with a 50% chance of getting a UTI in their lifetime. Symptoms include burning urination, abdominal pain, back pain, fever, and cloudy urine. UTI's are diagnosed through urine testing and treated with antibiotics, hydration, probiotic foods, and good hygiene.
Acute & Chronic Inflammation, Chemical mediators in Inflammation and Wound he...Ganapathi Vankudoth
油
A complete information of Inflammation, it includes types of Inflammation, purpose of Inflammation, pathogenesis of acute inflammation, chemical mediators in inflammation, types of chronic inflammation, wound healing and Inflammation in skin repair, phases of wound healing, factors influencing wound healing and types of wound healing.
Here discussing various cases of Obstructive jaundice namely Choledocholithiassis, Biliary atresia, Carcinoma Pancreas, Periampullary Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma.
Chair and Presenters Sara A. Hurvitz, MD, FACP, Carey K. Anders, MD, FASCO, and Vyshak Venur, MD, discuss metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer in this CME/NCPD/CPE/AAPA/IPCE activity titled Fine-Tuning the Selection and Sequencing of HER2-Targeting Therapies in HER2-Positive MBC With and Without CNS Metastases: Expert Guidance on How to Individualize Therapy Based on Latest Evidence, Disease Features, Treatment Characteristics, and Patient Needs and Preferences. For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/NCPD/CPE/AAPA/IPCE information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/4f8sUs7. CME/NCPD/CPE/AAPA/IPCE credit will be available until March 2, 2026.
Solubilization in Pharmaceutical Sciences: Concepts, Mechanisms & Enhancement...KHUSHAL CHAVAN
油
This presentation provides an in-depth understanding of solubilization and its critical role in pharmaceutical formulations. It covers:
Definition & Mechanisms of Solubilization
Role of surfactants, micelles, and bile salts in drug solubility
Factors affecting solubilization (pH, polarity, particle size, temperature, etc.)
Methods to enhance drug solubility (Buffers, Co-solvents, Surfactants, Complexation, Solid Dispersions)
Advanced approaches (Polymorphism, Salt Formation, Co-crystallization, Prodrugs)
This resource is valuable for pharmaceutical scientists, formulation experts, regulatory professionals, and students interested in improving drug solubility and bioavailability.
Stability of Dosage Forms as per ICH GuidelinesKHUSHAL CHAVAN
油
This presentation covers the stability testing of pharmaceutical dosage forms according to ICH guidelines (Q1A-Q1F). It explains the definition of stability, various testing protocols, storage conditions, and evaluation criteria required for regulatory submissions. Key topics include stress testing, container closure systems, stability commitment, and photostability testing. The guidelines ensure that pharmaceutical products maintain their identity, purity, strength, and efficacy throughout their shelf life. This resource is valuable for pharmaceutical professionals, researchers, and regulatory experts.
Title: Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption A Comprehensive Overview
Description:
This lecture provides a detailed and structured explanation of the mechanisms regulating tubular reabsorption in the kidneys. It explores how different physiological and hormonal factors influence glomerular filtration and reabsorption rates, ensuring fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
Who Should Read This?
This presentation is designed for:
鏝 Medical Students (MBBS, BDS, Nursing, Allied Health Sciences) preparing for physiology exams.
鏝 Medical Educators & Professors looking for structured teaching material.
鏝 Healthcare Professionals (doctors, nephrologists, and physiologists) seeking a refresher on renal physiology.
鏝 Postgraduate Students & Researchers in the field of medical sciences and physiology.
What Youll Learn:
Local Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption
鏝 Glomerulo-Tubular Balance its mechanism and clinical significance
鏝 Net reabsorptive forces affecting peritubular capillaries
鏝 Role of peritubular hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressures
Hormonal Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption
鏝 Effects of Aldosterone, Angiotensin II, ADH, and Natriuretic Peptides
鏝 Clinical conditions like Addisons disease & Conn Syndrome
鏝 Mechanisms of pressure natriuresis and diuresis
Nervous System Regulation
鏝 Sympathetic Nervous System activation and its effects on sodium reabsorption
Clinical Correlations & Case Discussions
鏝 How renal regulation is altered in hypertension, hypotension, and proteinuria
鏝 Comparison of Glomerulo-Tubular Balance vs. Tubulo-Glomerular Feedback
This presentation provides detailed diagrams, flowcharts, and calculations to enhance understanding and retention. Whether you are studying, teaching, or practicing medicine, this lecture will serve as a valuable resource for mastering renal physiology.
Keywords for Easy Search:
#Physiology #RenalPhysiology #TubularReabsorption #GlomeruloTubularBalance #HormonalRegulation #MedicalEducation #Nephrology
Optimization in Pharmaceutical Formulations: Concepts, Methods & ApplicationsKHUSHAL CHAVAN
油
This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of optimization in pharmaceutical formulations. It explains the concept of optimization, different types of optimization problems (constrained and unconstrained), and the mathematical principles behind formulation development. Key topics include:
Methods for optimization (Sequential Simplex Method, Classical Mathematical Methods)
Statistical analysis in optimization (Mean, Standard Deviation, Regression, Hypothesis Testing)
Factorial Design & Quality by Design (QbD) for process improvement
Applications of optimization in drug formulation
This resource is beneficial for pharmaceutical scientists, R&D professionals, regulatory experts, and students looking to understand pharmaceutical process optimization and quality by design approaches.
Unit 1: Introduction to Histological and Cytological techniques
Differentiate histology and cytology
Overview on tissue types
Function and components of the compound light microscope
Overview on common Histological Techniques:
o Fixation
o Grossing
o Tissue processing
o Microtomy
o Staining
o Mounting
Application of histology and cytology
Op-eds and commentaries 101: U-M IHPI Elevating Impact seriesKara Gavin
油
A slide set about writing opinion and commentary pieces, created for the University of Michigan Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation in Jan. 2025
Op-eds and commentaries 101: U-M IHPI Elevating Impact seriesKara Gavin
油
Spanish Health Teaching for Guatemala Sawyer Water Filter project
1. Lavarse las Manos y
Purificar el Agua
basado en
El Programa Educativo de Salud
para Paises en Desarrollo
y Agua Para Vivir
2. El Conocimiento
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3. 多Qu辿 causa las
enfermedades de los ni単os?
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4. Civilizaciones Antiguas
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13. 多Qui辿n deber鱈a
solucionar el problema?
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16. Los mayores problemas
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17. Parte 1 - Las Manos Sucias
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18. 多C坦mo se propagan
los g辿rmenes?
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19. 多C坦mo se propagan
los g辿rmenes?
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20. 多C坦mo se propagan
los g辿rmenes?
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21. 多C坦mo se propagan
los g辿rmenes?
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22. 多C坦mo se propagan
los g辿rmenes?
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23. 多C坦mo se propagan
los g辿rmenes?
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24. 多C坦mo se propagan
los g辿rmenes?
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25. 多C坦mo se propagan
los g辿rmenes?
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26. 多C坦mo se propagan
los g辿rmenes?
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38. Parte 2 - El Agua
Contaminada
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39. 16 de 100 en el mundo
tienen agua contaminada
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40. 66 de 100 se enferman
de diarrea cada a単o
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41. 臓En Guatemala,
98 de 100 fuentes de agua
est叩n contaminadas!
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42. 88 de cada 100 los casos de
diarrea son causados por
agua contaminada
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43. La diarrea causa
la muerte
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72. Trabajamos juntos
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Editor's Notes
#3: 2- Usted probablemente ha escuchado a menudo que el conocimiento es m叩s importante que la Medicina. Nosotros tambi辿n creemos que esto es verdad. La mayor鱈a de las enfermedades, a炭n las m叩s graves, se pueden evitar por completo. As鱈 que la manera m叩s importante que nuestros proveedores de servicio m辿dico pueden ayudarnos es a trav辿s del conocimiento, para cuidamos mejor a nosotros mismos y a nuestras familias.
#4: 3-Primeramente queremos conocer m叩s acerca de ustedes y la gente de su comunidad. Por ejemplo, cuando un ni単o de su comunidad se enferma con diarrea o neumon鱈a, 多qu辿 piensan sus padres acerca de la causa de su enfermedad?
#5: 4-Mucho del conocimiento m叩s importante del que hablaremos era conocida por nuestros antepasados (tuyos y m鱈os) hace miles de a単os, pero al paso de los a単os mucho de ese conocimiento se olvid坦. Por ejemplo, muchos de nuestros antepasados cre鱈an que las cosas invisibles causaban las enfermedades, las cosas que ellos no pod鱈an ver. 多Cu叩ntos aqu鱈 creen esto? . Bien, si usted cree esto, est叩 absolutamente en lo correcto. As鱈 que nuestros antepasados ciertamente eran inteligentes y atentos como usted y como yo. Sin embargo, hay un objeto muy importante que ellos no ten鱈an, y que es esencial para el entendimiento acerca de la causa de las enfermedades. 多Alguien sabe cu叩l es este objeto tan importante?
#6: 5-El microscopio. Con microscopios poderosos podemos ver los huevos de los gusanos y las bacterias e incluso los virus. Miles de estudios han mostrado que estos son las causas verdaderas de casi todas las enfermedades que vemos, especialmente en ni単os.
#7: 6-Por supuesto que sin un microscopio no habr鱈a una manera que usted pudiera saber esto. Por eso algunas personas han cre鱈do que quiz叩s la causas de estas enfermedades vienen por alguien que nos ha maldecido o porque Dios estaba enojado con nosotros. Pero si ellos hubieran tenido un microscopio habr鱈an visto que las causas verdaderas de esas enfermedades son los virus, las bacterias y los par叩sitos. A menudo los llamamos los g辿rmenes.
#8: 7-D辿jame contarte una historia real: Njoki viv鱈a en la aldea de Luido al norte de la provincia de Inhambane, Mozambique, con su peque単o hijo Timoteo. Hasta hac鱈a poco, Timoteo era un ni単o sano y feliz.
#9: 8-En la aldea, el agua se bombeaba de un pozo profundo. Hac鱈a muchos a単os que un grupo de asesores t辿cnicos para el desarrollo comunitario hab鱈a construido el pozo y la bomba. De vez en cuando, la bomba se descompon鱈a, pero uno de los asesores siempre sab鱈a c坦mo repararla o compraba el repuesto. Pero cuando los asesores ya se fueron de la regi坦n. Nadie sab鱈a reparar la bomba y no hab鱈a dinero para comprar repuestos.
#10: 9-Cuando la bomba se volvi坦 a descomponer, la gente de la aldea de Njoki comenz坦 a ir a buscar agua a una poza que estaba muy lejos de la aldea. En esta poza tambi辿n beb鱈an muchos animales, por eso el agua estaba contaminada con gusanos, microbios y par叩sitos. Muy pronto, Timoteo se enferm坦 gravemente con diarrea aguada; se debilit坦 y se deshidrat坦. Njoki no ten鱈a dinero para llevar a su hijo al centro de salud, que estaba a muchas horas de distancia.
#11: 10-En pocos d鱈as, Timoteo muri坦. Pero 多por qu辿?
#12: 11-多Qu辿 creen ustedes que provoc坦 la muerte de Timoteo? (Cada vez que alguien responda, pregunte: Pero, 多por qu辿? As鱈 ayuda al grupo a explorar tantas causas como sea posible. Por ejemplo: a. 多Qu辿 caus坦 la muerte de Tom叩s? Muri坦 de diarrea y deshidrataci坦n. b. Pero, 多por qu辿 ten鱈a diarrea? Porque no ten鱈a suficiente agua potable para beber. c. Pero, 多por qu辿 Tom叩s y su familia no ten鱈an suficiente agua potable? d. La bomba de la aldea no fue reparada etc. Contin炭en la cadena hasta que ya no hayan m叩s preguntas. Tambi辿n pueden regresar a un eslab坦n anterior y hacer m叩s preguntas para descubrir otras posibles causas.)
#13: 12-多De qu辿 manera la falta de saneamiento trajo o condujo problemas para la salud? Las enfermedades causadas por g辿rmenes y gusanos intestinales causan bastante incomodidad para millones de personas. Estas enfermedades pueden causar enfermedades cronicas u otros problemas de salud, tal como deshidraci坦n, anemia y malnutrici坦n grave que pudede terminar en muerte.
#14: 13-多Son nuestros funcionarios del gobierno responsables? 多Son los m辿dicos responsables? 多Son los ricos los responsables?
#15: 14-多Es responsabilidad del presidente o del gobierno el limpiar el agua? Si es as鱈, 多qui辿n paga? Bueno, incluso si usted piensa que el gobierno de Guatemala es responsable de solucionar el problema, lo hacen? Y, 多qu辿 debemos hacer mientras tanto?
#16: 15-Las familias y los miembros de la comunidad tienen el mayor poder para cambiar su comunidad. Es por eso, aqu鱈 estamos.
#17: 16-Nos gustar鱈a enfocarnos en dos problemas muy serios y muy comunes. Son serios, si, pero podemos disminuirlos bastante.
#18: 17- Parte Uno - Las manos sucias es el primer problema. Las manos pueden llevar tantos g辿rmenes y causar tanto da単o que puede ser como monstruos terribles!
#19: 18-多C坦mo van los g辿rmenes de una persona a otra? He aqu鱈 un ejemplo. Los animales enfermos o personas enfermos pueden defecar al aire libre y no cubrirlo.
#20: 19-Entonces, los animales andan sobre los heces o incluso se comen las heces!
#21: 20-Los animales se contaminan las patas o la bocas.
#22: 21-Tal vez 辿ste no es com 炭n, sin embargo, s鱈 sabemos que cualquier ni単o puede tocar a un animal que pudiera estar contaminado.
#23: 22-Luego, otras personas pueden tocar a los ni単os.
#24: 23-Sin saberlo, las manos de una persona se pueden llenar de g辿rmenes, incluso sin que se vean sucias!
#25: 24-Y 辿sta persona puede usar as鱈 las manos para preparar la comida.
#26: 25-Otra persona come la comida que fue preparada con las manos sucias.
#27: 26-Y, por fin, esa persona est叩 enferma con v坦mito, diarrea, escalofr鱈os (fiebre) etc. Los que se enfermen m叩s f叩cilimente son los ni単os peque単os, personas d辿biles y los ancianos.
#28: 27-多C坦mo pueden transmitirse g辿rmenes en 辿sta foto? 多Ten鱈a las manos limpias, el hombre mientras toc坦 la manija de la bomba de agua? Es muy probable que muchas, muchas personas hayan tocado 辿ste mango. Pu辿s, tocaron la manija porque ten鱈an que lavarse las manos. As鱈 que, todos han dejado sus g辿rmenes en el mango!
#29: 28-Si el mango tiene g辿rmenes, 多qu辿 podr鱈a pasar con este muchacho?
#30: 29-Por eso, el mismo lugar que se usa para lavarse puede ser el mayor problema en su hogar o en la comunidad!
#31: 30-La Organizaci坦n Mundial de la Salud dice que el simple acto de lavarse las manos puede reducir el n炭mero de los casos de diarrea en un 35%. Es decir, 35 de cada 100 personas podr鱈an evitar la diarrea, solo por lavarse las manos!
#32: 31-Necesitamos agua para recuperarnos de muchas enfermedades. El agua se usa para prevenir y tratar la diarrea. Lavarse las manos con agua y jab坦n, despu辿s de ir al ba単o y antes de comer o preparar alimentos, ayuda a prevenir las enfermedades diarreicas. Si no hay suficiente agua para lavarse, hay mucho m叩s riesgo de enfermedad y muerte.
#33: 32-Ahora, vamos a discutir c坦mo podemos lavarnos las manos sin contaminar de nuevo del mango de este grifo.
#34: 33a-Vamos a hacer una demostraci坦n del lavado de manos cuando hay toallas de papel. (Una situaci坦n ideal - pero no muy t鱈pica) 多Qu辿 riesgos existen con el uso de las toallas de tela? (S鱈, los g辿rmenes de las manos de muchas personas pueden estar en la toalla de tela) b-Vamos a hacer una demostraci坦n de lavado, cuando no hay toallas para el secado o apagar el surtidor. (Sea creativo! Adem叩s, anime a las personas a planificar c坦mo pueden limpiar los grifos.) c- Por 炭ltimo, vamos a hacer una demostraci坦n del lavado de manos desde una ba単era o un barril de agua, sin toallas. (Con un compa単ero, vierte el agua sobre sus manos - no sumergir las manos en la tina de agua)
#35: 34-(Actividad opcional o demo.) Un Tippy-Tap es una soluci坦n barata y eficaz al problema de los g辿rmenes que se propagan.
#36: 35-Es hecho de un recipiente de pl叩stico. Con su pie tocando el palo, una persona puede derramar el agua en las manos, sin tocarlo. 多En su comunidad, d坦nde se necesita un Tippy Tap?
#37: 36-As鱈 es como se hace. 多Qui辿n quiere construirlo para su casa y comunidad? (actividad opcional - hacer un Tippy Tap con el grupo)
#38: 37-Hay varios dise単os para Tippy Taps dependiendo en el tipo de recipiente etc. Sean creativos.
#39: 38-Parte Dos - Ahora vamos a enfocarnos en el siguiente problema grande: el agua contaminada.
#40: 39-La Organizaci坦n Mundial de la Salud dice que 1.1 millones de personas (16 de cada 100 personas de la poblaci坦n mundial) tienen agua que no es segura.
#41: 40-Cada a単o, hay 4 millones de casos de diarrea (66 de 100 personas - o, 2 de cada 3 personas).
#42: 41-Y 多c坦mo es en Guatemala? En 2009, el Ministerio de Salud de Guatemala escribi坦 un informe que dice que en todo el pa鱈s 98 de 100 de los fuentes de agua est叩n contaminadas! Esto es espantoso!
#43: 42-En el mundo, 88 de 100 de los casos de diarrea son causados por agua contaminada.
#44: 43-1,8 millones de personas mueren cada a単o de diarrea. La mayor鱈a de ellos son ni単os menores de 5 a単os de edad.
#45: 44-多C坦mo se contamina el agua en este dibujo?
#46: 45-多En esta comunidad, adem叩s del lavado de la ropa, para que se necesita el agua del lago? 多La gente se moja, se ba単a, o lava ropa cerca de donde el agua se recolecta? 多Hay sanitarios de fosa o aguas negras cerca de la fuente de agua? 多Hay basura dentro de la fuente de agua o muy cerca de ella?
#47: 46-多Saca ud su agua de un r鱈o o arroyo de vez en cuando? 多C坦mo es el agua? 多Est叩 en el 2% de los fuentes seguras, o dentro del 98% de las fuentes malas?
#48: 47-多La gente bebe el agua directamente de los r鱈os y arroyos en su comunidad? 多Qu辿 opinan Uds. del h叩bito de beber de los rios y arroyos?
#49: 48-Aunque tenga la comunidad un pozo de agua o tuber鱈as, el Ministerio de Salud todav鱈a dice que la mayor鱈a de estas fuentes no son seguras! 多C坦mo es posible?
#50: 49-多Se pueden identificar otros problemas con el pozo en el dibujo? La industria y la agricultura usan y contaminan mucha m叩s agua de la que las personas usan para sus necesidades diarias. Esto pone en riesgo la seguridad y disponibilidad del agua en los hogares. Como el agua pura es tan importante, usted y yo debemos trabajar juntos para lograrlo, 多no? Los gobiernos deben de ayudar a la gente a satisfacer su necesidad de agua potable. Pero, con frecuencia, los gobiernos no cumplen su parte hasta que la gente se une para exigir que el gobierno garantice el derecho de las personas de tener suficient agua.
#51: 50-La Organizaci坦n Mundial de la Salud dice que m叩s de 9 de cada 10 (94%) los casos de los casos de diarrea se puede prevenir, simplemente por beber agua potable.
#52: 51-多Cu叩nta agua necesita una persona al d鱈a? 1-3 litros para beber. Si Ud. trabaja mucho, y suda mucho, tal vez necesite aun m叩s. Si toma mucho cafe y laseosas, tiene que tomar m叩s agua - porque el cafe y las gaseosas causan deshidrataci坦n!
#55: 54-Y 4-6 litros se necesitan para lavar la ropa. Esto suma 15 坦 20 litros por persona al d鱈a. Pero muchas personas se ven forzadas a conformarse con mucho menos. Otras necesidades, como saneamiento, riego y dar de beber al ganado, con frecuencia requieren mucha m叩s agua que la que se necesita para beber, cocinar y lavar. En los lugares p炭blicos, como escuelas y centros de salud, generalmente se necesita m叩s agua que el promedio usado por una persona en su hogar. Los centros de salud, por ejemplo, deben contar con al menos 40 a 60 litros de agua al d鱈a por cada persona atendida.
#56: 55-Hemos aprendido que 8 de cada 10 fuentes de agua en Guatemala no son seguras. Si pudi辿ramos ver el agua en mal estado con un microscopio, 多qu辿 ver鱈amos? 多Bacterias, virus o par叩sitos? Estos son los g辿rmenes que pueden causar enfermedades graves.
#57: 56-Nos gustar鱈a hablar de varias maneras de purificar el agua. Primero, encontrar un recipiente limpio. No utilice recipientes que eran usados con sustancias t坦xicas - como pintura u otros qu鱈micos.
#58: 57-El recipiente tambi辿n debe tener una tapa si van a guardar el agua. 多Por qu辿 es importante una tapa?
#60: 59-Construir un filtro de tela a partir de pa単uelos, lino u otra tela. La tela vieja funciona mejor que la nueva porque las fibras gastadas tienen los poros m叩s peque単os y son mejores para filtrar. a. Deje que el agua se asiente en un recipiente, de tal forma que los s坦lidos se depositen en el fondo. b. Doble la tela 4 veces y est鱈rela o 叩tela sobre la boca de un jarr坦n de agua. c. Vierta agua lentamente dentro del jarr坦n, a trav辿s de la tela. Utilice siempre el mismo lado de la tela. Si la da vuelta, los microbios entrar叩n al agua. d.Despu辿s de usar la tela, l叩vela y d辿jela al sol para que se seque. Esto destruye los microbios que quiz叩s quedaron en la tela. Durante la temporada de lluvias, desinfecte la tela con cloro.
#61: 60-Otra forma de eliminar las bacterias es a trav辿s del filtro de agua Sawyer. Es nuestra esperanza que uds van a utilizarlo en la escuela.
#62: 61-Si se cuida bien del filtro, Ud. puede estar seguro de que los ni単os tendr叩n agua limpia mientras est叩n en la escuela. Vamos a hablar m叩s sobre esto m叩s adelante.
#63: 62-Puede que no tenga un filtro de agua en el hogar, sin embargo. 多Qu辿 har叩 para asegurarse que su familia sea sana?
#64: 63-El agua parece pura, pero, es pura? 多C坦mo puede usted estar seguro de que el agua es segura para beber? Vamos a discutir varias maneras simples y pr叩cticas. Desinfectar el agua mata los microbios. Si se hace correctamente, la desinfecci坦n permite que el agua sea totalmente potable. Los m辿todos m叩s efectivos son hervir el agua, la desinfecci坦n solar o el uso de cloro.
#65: 64-La desinfecci坦n solar es una t辿cnica que se utiliza en todo el mundo.
#66: 65-La desinfecci坦n solar es una manera muy efectiva para purificar el agua con tan s坦lo la luz del sol y una botella. Filtrar y asentar el agua primero la har叩n m叩s clara, por lo que se desinfectar叩 m叩s r叩pido. La desinfecci坦n solar funciona mejor en pa鱈ses cerca del Ecuador, porque es ah鱈 donde la luz del sol es m叩s fuerte. Mientras m叩s al norte o al sur est辿 del Ecuador, mayor ser叩 el tiempo que necesita para que la desinfecci坦n solar sea efectiva.
#67: 66-a. Limpie una botella transparente de pl叩stico PET (usado por bebidas u otro comida) limpia y transparente o una botella de vidrio. b. Llene 他 partes de la botella con agua y ag鱈tela durante 20 segundos. Esto agregar叩 burbujas de aire al agua. Luego, termine de llenar la botella. Las burbujas de aire ayudar叩n a desinfectar el agua m叩s r叩pido. c. Ponga la botella en un lugar abierto donde no haya sombra y donde no la puedan alcanzar las personas o los animales, como, por ejemplo, el techo de la casa. Deje la botella al sol por lo menos 6 horas en un d鱈a soleado o 2 d鱈as si est叩 nublado. d. Cuando est叩 enfriado, beba directamente de la botella. Esto evitar叩 una posible contaminaci坦n por contacto con las manos u otros recipientes
#68: 67-El cloro es barato y f叩cil de usar para matar la mayor鱈a de los microbios del agua para beber. El problema del cloro es que si se usa muy poco, no mata los microbios ni hace el agua potable. Si se usa demasiado, el agua tendr叩 mal sabor y la gente no desear叩 beberla. 多Cu叩nto cloro se debe agregar al agua? La cantidad de cloro necesaria para desinfectar el agua depende de cu叩n contaminada est辿 (de cu叩ntos microbios tenga y de qu辿 tipo). Mientras m叩s microbios haya en el agua, mayor cantidad de cloro se necesita para eliminarlos. Es importante usar suficiente cloro para que una parte quede en el agua despu辿s de eliminar los microbios. El cloro que queda se llama cloro libre. ste matar叩 cualquier microbio nuevo que entre al agua. Si el agua tiene cloro libre, tendr叩 un leve olor y gusto a cloro. Esto indica que el agua es potable. Si tiene demasiado cloro, el olor y el sabor ser叩n muy fuertes y desagradables.
#69: 68-Para usar la cantidad adecuada de cloro, necesita saber cu叩n concentrada es la soluci坦n de cloro que va a utilizar. El cloro se consigue en distintas formas gas, polvo blanqueador, hipoclorito de alta concentraci坦n (HTH) y blanqueador l鱈quido para el hogar. Como el blanqueador para el hogar es la forma m叩s com炭n de cloro, les mostramos c坦mo desinfectar agua con blanqueador para el hogar. El blanqueador para el hogar puede tener distintas cantidades de cloro. Las m叩s comunes son 3.5% y 5%. La manera m叩s simple de medir la cantidad de blanqueador necesaria es hacer primero una soluci坦n madre (aproximadamente 1% de cloro) y despu辿s, agregar esta soluci坦n al agua que desea desinfectar. Primero prepare la soluci坦n madre: Agregue 1 taza (8 oz. o 240 ml) de blanqueador a una botella de 12 oz. o 330 ml. (como una botella de cerveza) vac鱈a y limpia. Llene la botella con agua limpia y agitarla bien. Agite el recipiente durante 30 segundos. D辿jela reposar durante 30 minutos. La soluci坦n madre est叩 lista.
#70: 69-Despues, ponga el agua que quiere desinfectar en otro recipiente limpio y agregue la cantidad de la soluci坦n madre correcta, usando esta tabla. Mezclar o agitar toda el agua durante 30 segundos. D辿jela reposar durante 30 minutos. El agua estar叩 lista para tomar.
#71: 70- Agregar el jugo de un lim坦n a 1 litro de agua para beber destruir叩 la mayor鱈a de los microbios del c坦lera u otro tipo de microbios. Esto no hace el agua completamente potable, pero puede ser mejor que no darle ning炭n tratamiento en zonas donde el c坦lera es una amenaza. Agregar jugo de lim坦n al agua antes de usar la desinfecci坦n solar aumenta la efectividad de esto m辿todo.
#72: 71-Por 炭ltimo, tambi辿n se puede hervir agua para matar los g辿rmenes. Hervir el agua por 1 minuto mata todos los microbios. Ponga el agua a hervir a fuego fuerte. Una vez que empiece a hervir, deje que hierva por 1 minuto completo antes de retirar la olla para enfriarla. En zonas monta単osas, el agua debe hervir por 3 minutos para eliminar los microbios, porque el agua hierve a una temperatura m叩s baja en lo alto de las monta単as. Al hervir, el agua cambia de sabor y tarda mucho en enfriarse, as鱈 es que no se puede beber de inmediato. Una vez que el agua hervida se haya enfriado, vi辿rtala en una botella y ag鱈tela vigorosamente. Esto agrega aire al agua y mejora su sabor.
#73: 72-Hay muchas cosas que usted y yo podamos hacer para mejorar la salud de nuestra comunidad. Vamos a trabajar juntos!