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20120731 clt presentation

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Chris Rauchle
Chris Rauchle

The document discusses trends in internet and technology use among Indigenous populations in Australia. It notes that: 1) The Indigenous population is growing and may reach pre-colonial levels of over 1 million people by 2040, with a much younger demographic profile compared to non-Indigenous Australians. 2) Internet access and use among Indigenous households has increased significantly in recent years, with the gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous access rates narrowing. More Indigenous households now have broadband internet. 3) The costs of devices and internet access continue to decline, driven by cheaper smartphones, mobile data plans, and laptop/tablet initiatives in schools. This is improving accessibility and reducing barriers to internet and social media use

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Update on information use in Indigenous Populations https://sites.google.com/site/crauchlethesis/documents/MDCD2012presentation%20outline.pptx?attredirects=0&d=1 Student: Christopher Rauchle Supervisor: Stephen Cassidy Snum: 41958209 際際滷 1 of 15
Population Indigenous differences The Indigenous population may be back to Pre-Colonial levels within the next 30 years. Year Population With the new data from 2011 this looks more like in the next 50 years so what 1920-30 (1) ~65,000 gives? 1991 351,000 Optimistic projections for 2011 data are 2006 517,000 575K pop. but there are around 5% (over 1M) who did not attribute their 2011 (6) 548,370 Indigenous/Non-Indigenous status on the last census and ABS make a more 2021 (2) ~715,000 accurate survey every six years (2014 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait 2040 (3) 1,000,000 Islander Social Survey(10)) 際際滷 2 of 18
Population Indigenous Pop to 2021 And something distinctive is happening to the Indigenous population 際際滷 3 of 18
The Non-Indigenous Population That is different to the Non-Indigenous Population 際際滷 4 of 18
Population Indigenous differences The Indigenous population may be back to Pre-Colonial levels within the next 50 years. Indigenous people have a demography that closely resembles a developing country population pyramid while the non-Indigenous population resembles the rest of the Western world. (5) 際際滷 5 of 18
Population Indigenous differences Indigenous people have a demography that closely resembles a developing country population pyramid Younger people were more likely to engage in social This emerging population is exactly networking than those in older age groups. The average age of social networkers was 35 years, the sort that uses social media to whilst those who didnt use social networking share information sites had an average age of 53 years. ABS Online @ Home study 2011 Regardless of whether its facebook, twitter, G+ or something else it will be SOCIAL 際際滷 6 of 18
2011 Indigenous Households Indigenous Number of Households Households Dial Up 5,552 Other 14,205 No connection 65,668 Broadband 111,588 Other includes mobile broadband and is almost twice as high in Indigenous households, perhaps due to those households being in areas that cannot connect to broadband (40Km from a main road) 際際滷 7 of 18
NIHH are still on average more broadband connected Non-Indigenous Number of Households Households Dial Up 229,850 Other 288,839 No Connection 1,459,444 Broadband 5,312,921 Percentage of Dial Up users the same in Indigenous and Non- Indigenous Households 際際滷 8 of 18
Difference in Indigenous Internet use since 2006 census When that internet connection is reliable and ubiquitous the gap more than halves(4) The difference between the 2006 figures and 2011 figures: Table 1. Internet connection by Indigenous status of household (based on Census 2006) Difference between Internet connections in Sydney in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous households has Households Households been cut in half from 15% to 7% with Other with Other Households Gap Indigenous households Indigenous % Difference between Indigenous and Persons Persons % Non-Indigenous households in all of Australia has dropped from 21% to Internet connetions in 18,502 1,196,403 73% 80% 7% 14%. Sydney Internet connections in Australia 131,345 5,831,606 63% 77% 14% GAP 10% 3% Table 2. Internet connection by Indigenous status of household (based on Census 2011) 際際滷 9 of 18
Internet use is rising as a function of cheaper computing and flat telecoms costs While other costs have risen in the last twenty years. The cost of computing equipment has dropped exponentially while communications costs have hardly risen. Although lower than non-Indigenous households, Indigenous households still have comparable internet penetration. Broadband in particular is beginning to be a free good and may not be chargeable in the future 際際滷 10 of 18
Population questions Internet Use Future Concept Indigenous Internet use is moving Egyptian beyond charity and government Spring Wifi controlled programs to BYOD Routers The rise of smartphones and cheap mobile plans is making access to expensive devices for Merkai using media less of an issue Free Community Wifi 際際滷 11 of 18
Population questions Internet Use Future Reality Indigenous Internet use is moving Ubiquitous beyond charity and government internet access controlled programs to BYOD The rise of smartphones and cheap mobile plans is making access to expensive devices for Rise of the Smartphone using media less of an issue iPads in schools Laptops in schools 際際滷 12 of 18
Summary Differences between the types of internet in households in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous communities is diminishing The indigenous population continues to increase though perhaps not in line with the most optimistic projections The cost of access to the internet continues to drop such that there should be no cost barrier to access to social media in the next census The NBN may erode the last mile disadvantage for those in remote communities that are more than 40km from a highway It seems there will be no further development of some of the technologies that are a key part of my research into digital rights management MPEG7 and MPEG21 際際滷 13 of 18
Stream control wins in the end and MPEG declares victory MPEG industry forum ceases development on media codecs with H.264 now the defacto standard in the industryfuture development is over to the Open IP TV Forum(7) ABC stops development of Android App because, in the absence of Flash, there is no way to DRM the stream to prevent copying as they do with Apple Fairplay (8) 際際滷 14 of 18
YouTube Face blurring tool 際際滷 15 of 18
Censoring videos for public consumption out of your area 際際滷 16 of 18
Censorship to control dissent but video still has a man in the middle problem "Nothing with vulgar or violent materials will pass," said the woman, who did not give her name because she said she was not authorized to speak on the record. "Political speech? If it is anti-party and anti-society, it definitely will not pass. No website will allow such content. (9) 際際滷 17 of 18
Conclusion Evolution of the demographics and the access method for the internet in Indigenous communities presents opportunities for new social media platforms to erode facebook and twitters first mover advantage Existing technologies will be the platform of choice with a strong bias to continuous network connection rather than a set of media repositories loosely connected by a sometimes-on connection 際際滷 18 of 18
References (1) Korf, Jens, Aboriginal timeline (1900 1969), http://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/history/aboriginal-history-timeline-early-20th.html (2) 32380_1991 to 2021 - Experimental Estimates and Projections, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/cat/3238.0 (3) N. Biddle and J. Taylor, Indigenous Population Projections, 20062031: Planning for Growth, 1996 (4) A History of Aboriginal Sydneydigitally delivering the past to the present http://dev.information- online.com.au/sb_clients/iog/data/content_item_files/000001/paper_2011_B1.pdf (5) Closing the gap, 2011 , Prime Ministers report http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/sa/indigenous/pubs/closing_the_gap/2011_ctg_pm_report/Pages/default.aspx (6) 2011CensusI01A table Australian Census Datapack (7) MPEG forum declares victory (8) Why there will never be an Android iView (9) China wants to censor online video content (10) (11) Skin groups in Arrente communities

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20120731 clt presentation

  • 1. Update on information use in Indigenous Populations https://sites.google.com/site/crauchlethesis/documents/MDCD2012presentation%20outline.pptx?attredirects=0&d=1 Student: Christopher Rauchle Supervisor: Stephen Cassidy Snum: 41958209 際際滷 1 of 15
  • 2. Population Indigenous differences The Indigenous population may be back to Pre-Colonial levels within the next 30 years. Year Population With the new data from 2011 this looks more like in the next 50 years so what 1920-30 (1) ~65,000 gives? 1991 351,000 Optimistic projections for 2011 data are 2006 517,000 575K pop. but there are around 5% (over 1M) who did not attribute their 2011 (6) 548,370 Indigenous/Non-Indigenous status on the last census and ABS make a more 2021 (2) ~715,000 accurate survey every six years (2014 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait 2040 (3) 1,000,000 Islander Social Survey(10)) 際際滷 2 of 18
  • 3. Population Indigenous Pop to 2021 And something distinctive is happening to the Indigenous population 際際滷 3 of 18
  • 4. The Non-Indigenous Population That is different to the Non-Indigenous Population 際際滷 4 of 18
  • 5. Population Indigenous differences The Indigenous population may be back to Pre-Colonial levels within the next 50 years. Indigenous people have a demography that closely resembles a developing country population pyramid while the non-Indigenous population resembles the rest of the Western world. (5) 際際滷 5 of 18
  • 6. Population Indigenous differences Indigenous people have a demography that closely resembles a developing country population pyramid Younger people were more likely to engage in social This emerging population is exactly networking than those in older age groups. The average age of social networkers was 35 years, the sort that uses social media to whilst those who didnt use social networking share information sites had an average age of 53 years. ABS Online @ Home study 2011 Regardless of whether its facebook, twitter, G+ or something else it will be SOCIAL 際際滷 6 of 18
  • 7. 2011 Indigenous Households Indigenous Number of Households Households Dial Up 5,552 Other 14,205 No connection 65,668 Broadband 111,588 Other includes mobile broadband and is almost twice as high in Indigenous households, perhaps due to those households being in areas that cannot connect to broadband (40Km from a main road) 際際滷 7 of 18
  • 8. NIHH are still on average more broadband connected Non-Indigenous Number of Households Households Dial Up 229,850 Other 288,839 No Connection 1,459,444 Broadband 5,312,921 Percentage of Dial Up users the same in Indigenous and Non- Indigenous Households 際際滷 8 of 18
  • 9. Difference in Indigenous Internet use since 2006 census When that internet connection is reliable and ubiquitous the gap more than halves(4) The difference between the 2006 figures and 2011 figures: Table 1. Internet connection by Indigenous status of household (based on Census 2006) Difference between Internet connections in Sydney in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous households has Households Households been cut in half from 15% to 7% with Other with Other Households Gap Indigenous households Indigenous % Difference between Indigenous and Persons Persons % Non-Indigenous households in all of Australia has dropped from 21% to Internet connetions in 18,502 1,196,403 73% 80% 7% 14%. Sydney Internet connections in Australia 131,345 5,831,606 63% 77% 14% GAP 10% 3% Table 2. Internet connection by Indigenous status of household (based on Census 2011) 際際滷 9 of 18
  • 10. Internet use is rising as a function of cheaper computing and flat telecoms costs While other costs have risen in the last twenty years. The cost of computing equipment has dropped exponentially while communications costs have hardly risen. Although lower than non-Indigenous households, Indigenous households still have comparable internet penetration. Broadband in particular is beginning to be a free good and may not be chargeable in the future 際際滷 10 of 18
  • 11. Population questions Internet Use Future Concept Indigenous Internet use is moving Egyptian beyond charity and government Spring Wifi controlled programs to BYOD Routers The rise of smartphones and cheap mobile plans is making access to expensive devices for Merkai using media less of an issue Free Community Wifi 際際滷 11 of 18
  • 12. Population questions Internet Use Future Reality Indigenous Internet use is moving Ubiquitous beyond charity and government internet access controlled programs to BYOD The rise of smartphones and cheap mobile plans is making access to expensive devices for Rise of the Smartphone using media less of an issue iPads in schools Laptops in schools 際際滷 12 of 18
  • 13. Summary Differences between the types of internet in households in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous communities is diminishing The indigenous population continues to increase though perhaps not in line with the most optimistic projections The cost of access to the internet continues to drop such that there should be no cost barrier to access to social media in the next census The NBN may erode the last mile disadvantage for those in remote communities that are more than 40km from a highway It seems there will be no further development of some of the technologies that are a key part of my research into digital rights management MPEG7 and MPEG21 際際滷 13 of 18
  • 14. Stream control wins in the end and MPEG declares victory MPEG industry forum ceases development on media codecs with H.264 now the defacto standard in the industryfuture development is over to the Open IP TV Forum(7) ABC stops development of Android App because, in the absence of Flash, there is no way to DRM the stream to prevent copying as they do with Apple Fairplay (8) 際際滷 14 of 18
  • 15. YouTube Face blurring tool 際際滷 15 of 18
  • 16. Censoring videos for public consumption out of your area 際際滷 16 of 18
  • 17. Censorship to control dissent but video still has a man in the middle problem "Nothing with vulgar or violent materials will pass," said the woman, who did not give her name because she said she was not authorized to speak on the record. "Political speech? If it is anti-party and anti-society, it definitely will not pass. No website will allow such content. (9) 際際滷 17 of 18
  • 18. Conclusion Evolution of the demographics and the access method for the internet in Indigenous communities presents opportunities for new social media platforms to erode facebook and twitters first mover advantage Existing technologies will be the platform of choice with a strong bias to continuous network connection rather than a set of media repositories loosely connected by a sometimes-on connection 際際滷 18 of 18
  • 19. References (1) Korf, Jens, Aboriginal timeline (1900 1969), http://www.creativespirits.info/aboriginalculture/history/aboriginal-history-timeline-early-20th.html (2) 32380_1991 to 2021 - Experimental Estimates and Projections, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/cat/3238.0 (3) N. Biddle and J. Taylor, Indigenous Population Projections, 20062031: Planning for Growth, 1996 (4) A History of Aboriginal Sydneydigitally delivering the past to the present http://dev.information- online.com.au/sb_clients/iog/data/content_item_files/000001/paper_2011_B1.pdf (5) Closing the gap, 2011 , Prime Ministers report http://www.fahcsia.gov.au/sa/indigenous/pubs/closing_the_gap/2011_ctg_pm_report/Pages/default.aspx (6) 2011CensusI01A table Australian Census Datapack (7) MPEG forum declares victory (8) Why there will never be an Android iView (9) China wants to censor online video content (10) (11) Skin groups in Arrente communities