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The importance of Geoethic in the Land of Fires

Ciro Manzo
Ciro Manzo

Dr. Ciro Manzo presented on geoethical challenges in the communication and management of natural hazards in Campania, Italy, known as the "Land of Fires". He discussed the municipal solid waste and illegal dumping emergencies affecting the region for decades. Improper siting of landfills and lack of consideration for geological studies have exacerbated public health and environmental issues. Correct scientific information and emphasis on problem solving are needed to overcome misunderstandings created by sensationalized media coverage. Geologists must clearly communicate risk and play an active role in supporting responsible decisions around waste management and remediation.

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European Geoscience Union General Assembly 2014 Vienna | Austria | 27 April 02 May 2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo Insitute for Atmospheric Pollution Research CNR Italy Young Earth Scientists Network, Executive team Session NH9.8 Geoethics: Ethical Challenges In Communication, Geoeducation And Management of Natural Hazards
From Campania Felix toThe Land of Fires What is the problem? The 束Land of Fires損 Geoethic in the 束Land of Fires損 What does it mean? The cost of incorrected news The importance of geologists 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it
Naples Rome 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Quaternary Quaternary and active terrigenous sediments Neapolitan-Phlegrean Procida and Ischia volcanics Somma-Vesuvio volcanics Roccamonfina volcanics Pliocene and Miocene Terrigenous sediments Mesozoic carbonatic units Fault Overthurst Mt. Vesuvio Orsi et al., 1996
The presence of volcanic deposits makes very fertileCampania plain, allowing the production of typical food 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it
Complex stratigraphy 0-20 m 40-60 m 100-150 m From ENEA-PROT-IDR, 2002 < Unconfined < Aquitard < Confined Upward Leakance phenomena
Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it29/04/2014 Well pumping water table aquifer 2 Overlaying acquifers are exploited Well pumping deeper aquifer Modified from Ducci 2013 In some area the high number of wells, deepening of old wells, make possibile direct contact between two layers < Unconfined High vulnerability < Aquitard < Confined Low vulnerability
Several land cover changes in last 50 years 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Brigther colour changes (modified from ARPAC data) Naples Caserta Forest Agriculture Mining Urban extension Industry Water pumping
29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Several land cover changes in last 50 years Brigther colour changes (modified from ARPAC data) Naples Caserta Forest Urbanization Agriculture Mining Urban extension Industry Water pumping
29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Forest Urbanization Agriculture Several land cover changes in last 50 years Brigther colour changes (modified from ARPAC data) Naples Caserta Agriculture Mining Urban extension Industry Water pumping
29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Strong impact of human activities. Potenzial hazardous sites: Landfills Industrial sites Accidental leakage Uncontrolled abandon of wastes (Novelli, modified from ARPAC data) Naples Caserta Potential hazardous site Cultivated/Total Agriculture Area 0 100 %
Illegal waste fires 1/1/2012 to 31/08/2013 more than 6034 illegal fires (Legambiente 2013) Illegal leather industries 1 kg of good -> 0.5 kg of waste Wheel and wires To extract copper 29/04/2014 Urban wastes
Two intertwined emergencies 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it MSW Management Eco-mafia illegal activity (Fanpage)(Equoblog)
Municipal Solid Waste Emergency 1994 Official Emergency Kick off. 2001-2008. Landfills nearly full, impossible burning Refuse-derived fuel because none of theWaste to Energy plants was ready (Rel. Parl. 2006 e 2007) When Judges closed a landfills which didnt respect laws 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Recurring breakdown of Waste Management System
Crisis 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Media interest and environmental and economic impact
From 2008-2010, Normalization. Emergency Commissary was able to ignore any law he judged necessary to solve the problem Waste treatment facilities are defined as areas of strategic national interest and militarised. 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it (Il Mattino)
29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Decree 90/2008 8 landfill sites 7 RFD plants 4 incineritors
Why NIMBY reaction! Sites Often suffering of environmental issues Old pits and/or located in particular area such as National Park Nearness to cities (odours impact) Environmental Laws wavering and Militarization of sites No control by local associations and their technicians (more confusion about real data!) People often dont trust Government action is effective after 25 years of emergency The constant risk of Camorra in these activity (last month 17 arrested aboutChiaiano landfill inquiry Il Mattino 5/3/2014) Media and their confused information The list of alternative sites proposed by geologists wasnt considered (De Medici, 2007) 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it
When emergency control the decisions 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Terzigno DeVivo et al., 2005 Chiaiano
2 Closed Pits of 700k m3: 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Terzigno Chiaiano (Sapna) (Fanpage)
2 Closed Pits of 700k m3: 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Terzigno Chiaiano Celico et al., 2003 Celico et al 1998
29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Hospital area 2 km Chiaiano Landfill
Rain Rock instability Filtration Along fractures Weathered Tuff Tectonic fracture Strata limits Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Hydrogeological risk area Rock fall and landslide Potential risk for groundwater 29/04/2014 Courtesy of Prof. Ortolani 2008 White tuff formation Piroclastic deposit Backfill Drill Piperno and Breccia Museo Torre Francos Tuff Rock fall
Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it29/04/2014 <2km
Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it29/04/2014 Vesuvio National Park Modified from Ortolani 2008
How many landfills in this area? 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it New potential site of 3.5Mtons Old LandfillLandfill closed In 2012 Terzigno
Total legal inquiry Warrants of arrest Denouced people Company involved DAs office Tons of Waste illegally dumped 82 915 1806 443 37 9.789.511 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Main lnquires about Illegal waste trade in Campania from 1991 2013 (Source: Legambiente 2013) ? Ecomafia illegal dumping
The frightful forecast of 2060 about Resit area from 80s until 2004 illegal dumping 800KTons of Industrial and Municipal solid Wastes No HDPE protection, no Biogas extractoin Leachate infiltration, biogas migration The peak of groundwater contamination in 2060 Expensive remediation 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it 221 hectares
The frightful forecast of 2060 about Resit area from 80s until 2004 illegal dumping Leachate infiltration, biogas migration (derived by 80000 Tons of Industrial and Municipal solid Wastes) The peak of groundwater contamination in 2060 Expensive remediation 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it 221 hectares Modified from Balestri, 2007 How people thinks.
The frightful forecast of 2060 about Resit area from 80s until 2004 illegal dumping Leachate infiltration, biogas migration (derived by 80000 Tons of Industrial and Municipal solid Wastes) The peak of groundwater contamination in 2060 Expensive remediation 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it 221 hectares 1825m 750m 100 year plumen Modified from Balestri, 2007 How geologist.
29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Production Area Land of fire Production Area in The land of Fire The tomato of San Marzano DOPResit
29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Production Area Land of fire Production Area in The land of Fire Mozzarella di bufala Campana DOP Resit
29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Production Area Land of fire Production Area in The land of Fire The Lemon of Sorrento http://www.limonedisorrentoigp.it Resit
The big misunderstanding Media oversimplification Title such as ECODISASTER, BIOCIDE Confusion Landfills, rural sites and fires The research of sensationalism at every cost (see Schiavones interview!), analysis of tomato cultivation beside contaminated landfill in aTV programme. Authorities underestimation of the phenomena Absence of a register of cancer (till last month!) Not enough control of territory Fear of population due to increase of cancer phenomena in the area (The triangle of death) This misunderstanding lead to 2 opposite potential Effects: It is useless remediate because land is dead, so lets continue to dump Remediate all -> economic business 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it There would be several Million of euro to remediate
What does it mean geoethic in the 束Land of fires損? Correct information about polluted and unpolluted zone/field/groundwater Fostering the true Scientific information, avoiding sensationalism press of newspaper! To denounce illegality and disrespect of professional code of conduct! We are the first legal guard in the business of the remediation Importance of geologists social role in supporting administration decisions! 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it
Essential support of Geological communities: promoting geoeducation activity (We live in a probabilistic World) Focusing on the priority of environmental problem solving 束Building bridges損 between other professions (engineer, chemistry, physicist etc.) in order to increase team working (such as Assise di Napoli association) Denouncing incorrect information 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it
Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it29/04/2014 SCW% Number of inhabitants % per Municipality 200020012002200420052006200720082009 From 10 to 42.12 % of Recycling in few years
29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Thank you for your attention Any questions?
- Bianchi, F., Biggeri, A., Cadum, E., Comba, P., Forastiere, F., Martuzzi, M., &Terracini, B. (2006). Epidemiologia ambientale e aree inquinate in Italia. Epidemiol Prev, 30(3), 146-152. - Ducci, D. (2013). Le acque sotterranee nella terra dei fuochi. ambiente rischio comunicazione, 39. - Ferrara, L., Iannace, M., Patelli, A. M., & Arienzo, M. (2013). Geochemical survey of an illegal waste disposal site under a waste emergency scenario (Northwest Naples, Italy). Environmental monitoring and assessment, 185(3), 2671-2682. - Senior, K., andA. Mazza. 2004. Italian 'Triangle of Death' Linked toWaste Crisis. The Lancet Oncology 5: 525527. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(04)01561-X. - B. DeVivo, Harvey Belkin,Annamaria Lima, EnvironmentalGeochemistry: Site Characterization, Data Analysis and Case Histories: Site Characterization, Data Analysis andCase Histories, Chap.16 - Capone, N. (2013).The Assemblies of the City of Naples: A Long Battle to Defend the Landscape and Environment.Capitalism Nature Socialism, 24(4), 46-54. - Lambiente Geologico della Campania - Le rotte della terra dei fuochi Legambiente - Rifiuti s.p.a. - Rapporto ambientale del Piano di Gestione Regionale dei Rifiuti (PRGR) - -Italian Decree 90/2009 - -Italian Decree 152/2006 - -Italian Decree 36/2003 - - Spatial Data of land cover extracted from PianificazioneTerritoriale Regionale of Campania local administration (http://sit.regione.campania.it/) - http://www.camera.it/_dati/leg16/lavori/documentiparlamentari/indiceetesti/023/019/00000008.pdf - http://www.napoliassise.it/siticonspiegazione.pdf 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it For further studies:
29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it

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The importance of Geoethic in the Land of Fires

  • 1. European Geoscience Union General Assembly 2014 Vienna | Austria | 27 April 02 May 2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo Insitute for Atmospheric Pollution Research CNR Italy Young Earth Scientists Network, Executive team Session NH9.8 Geoethics: Ethical Challenges In Communication, Geoeducation And Management of Natural Hazards
  • 2. From Campania Felix toThe Land of Fires What is the problem? The 束Land of Fires損 Geoethic in the 束Land of Fires損 What does it mean? The cost of incorrected news The importance of geologists 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it
  • 3. Naples Rome 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Quaternary Quaternary and active terrigenous sediments Neapolitan-Phlegrean Procida and Ischia volcanics Somma-Vesuvio volcanics Roccamonfina volcanics Pliocene and Miocene Terrigenous sediments Mesozoic carbonatic units Fault Overthurst Mt. Vesuvio Orsi et al., 1996
  • 4. The presence of volcanic deposits makes very fertileCampania plain, allowing the production of typical food 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it
  • 5. Complex stratigraphy 0-20 m 40-60 m 100-150 m From ENEA-PROT-IDR, 2002 < Unconfined < Aquitard < Confined Upward Leakance phenomena
  • 6. Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it29/04/2014 Well pumping water table aquifer 2 Overlaying acquifers are exploited Well pumping deeper aquifer Modified from Ducci 2013 In some area the high number of wells, deepening of old wells, make possibile direct contact between two layers < Unconfined High vulnerability < Aquitard < Confined Low vulnerability
  • 7. Several land cover changes in last 50 years 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Brigther colour changes (modified from ARPAC data) Naples Caserta Forest Agriculture Mining Urban extension Industry Water pumping
  • 8. 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Several land cover changes in last 50 years Brigther colour changes (modified from ARPAC data) Naples Caserta Forest Urbanization Agriculture Mining Urban extension Industry Water pumping
  • 9. 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Forest Urbanization Agriculture Several land cover changes in last 50 years Brigther colour changes (modified from ARPAC data) Naples Caserta Agriculture Mining Urban extension Industry Water pumping
  • 10. 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Strong impact of human activities. Potenzial hazardous sites: Landfills Industrial sites Accidental leakage Uncontrolled abandon of wastes (Novelli, modified from ARPAC data) Naples Caserta Potential hazardous site Cultivated/Total Agriculture Area 0 100 %
  • 11. Illegal waste fires 1/1/2012 to 31/08/2013 more than 6034 illegal fires (Legambiente 2013) Illegal leather industries 1 kg of good -> 0.5 kg of waste Wheel and wires To extract copper 29/04/2014 Urban wastes
  • 12. Two intertwined emergencies 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it MSW Management Eco-mafia illegal activity (Fanpage)(Equoblog)
  • 13. Municipal Solid Waste Emergency 1994 Official Emergency Kick off. 2001-2008. Landfills nearly full, impossible burning Refuse-derived fuel because none of theWaste to Energy plants was ready (Rel. Parl. 2006 e 2007) When Judges closed a landfills which didnt respect laws 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Recurring breakdown of Waste Management System
  • 14. Crisis 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Media interest and environmental and economic impact
  • 15. From 2008-2010, Normalization. Emergency Commissary was able to ignore any law he judged necessary to solve the problem Waste treatment facilities are defined as areas of strategic national interest and militarised. 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it (Il Mattino)
  • 16. 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Decree 90/2008 8 landfill sites 7 RFD plants 4 incineritors
  • 17. Why NIMBY reaction! Sites Often suffering of environmental issues Old pits and/or located in particular area such as National Park Nearness to cities (odours impact) Environmental Laws wavering and Militarization of sites No control by local associations and their technicians (more confusion about real data!) People often dont trust Government action is effective after 25 years of emergency The constant risk of Camorra in these activity (last month 17 arrested aboutChiaiano landfill inquiry Il Mattino 5/3/2014) Media and their confused information The list of alternative sites proposed by geologists wasnt considered (De Medici, 2007) 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it
  • 18. When emergency control the decisions 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Terzigno DeVivo et al., 2005 Chiaiano
  • 19. 2 Closed Pits of 700k m3: 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Terzigno Chiaiano (Sapna) (Fanpage)
  • 20. 2 Closed Pits of 700k m3: 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Terzigno Chiaiano Celico et al., 2003 Celico et al 1998
  • 21. 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Hospital area 2 km Chiaiano Landfill
  • 22. Rain Rock instability Filtration Along fractures Weathered Tuff Tectonic fracture Strata limits Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Hydrogeological risk area Rock fall and landslide Potential risk for groundwater 29/04/2014 Courtesy of Prof. Ortolani 2008 White tuff formation Piroclastic deposit Backfill Drill Piperno and Breccia Museo Torre Francos Tuff Rock fall
  • 23. Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it29/04/2014 <2km
  • 24. Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it29/04/2014 Vesuvio National Park Modified from Ortolani 2008
  • 25. How many landfills in this area? 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it New potential site of 3.5Mtons Old LandfillLandfill closed In 2012 Terzigno
  • 26. Total legal inquiry Warrants of arrest Denouced people Company involved DAs office Tons of Waste illegally dumped 82 915 1806 443 37 9.789.511 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Main lnquires about Illegal waste trade in Campania from 1991 2013 (Source: Legambiente 2013) ? Ecomafia illegal dumping
  • 27. The frightful forecast of 2060 about Resit area from 80s until 2004 illegal dumping 800KTons of Industrial and Municipal solid Wastes No HDPE protection, no Biogas extractoin Leachate infiltration, biogas migration The peak of groundwater contamination in 2060 Expensive remediation 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it 221 hectares
  • 28. The frightful forecast of 2060 about Resit area from 80s until 2004 illegal dumping Leachate infiltration, biogas migration (derived by 80000 Tons of Industrial and Municipal solid Wastes) The peak of groundwater contamination in 2060 Expensive remediation 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it 221 hectares Modified from Balestri, 2007 How people thinks.
  • 29. The frightful forecast of 2060 about Resit area from 80s until 2004 illegal dumping Leachate infiltration, biogas migration (derived by 80000 Tons of Industrial and Municipal solid Wastes) The peak of groundwater contamination in 2060 Expensive remediation 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it 221 hectares 1825m 750m 100 year plumen Modified from Balestri, 2007 How geologist.
  • 30. 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Production Area Land of fire Production Area in The land of Fire The tomato of San Marzano DOPResit
  • 31. 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Production Area Land of fire Production Area in The land of Fire Mozzarella di bufala Campana DOP Resit
  • 32. 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Production Area Land of fire Production Area in The land of Fire The Lemon of Sorrento http://www.limonedisorrentoigp.it Resit
  • 33. The big misunderstanding Media oversimplification Title such as ECODISASTER, BIOCIDE Confusion Landfills, rural sites and fires The research of sensationalism at every cost (see Schiavones interview!), analysis of tomato cultivation beside contaminated landfill in aTV programme. Authorities underestimation of the phenomena Absence of a register of cancer (till last month!) Not enough control of territory Fear of population due to increase of cancer phenomena in the area (The triangle of death) This misunderstanding lead to 2 opposite potential Effects: It is useless remediate because land is dead, so lets continue to dump Remediate all -> economic business 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it There would be several Million of euro to remediate
  • 34. What does it mean geoethic in the 束Land of fires損? Correct information about polluted and unpolluted zone/field/groundwater Fostering the true Scientific information, avoiding sensationalism press of newspaper! To denounce illegality and disrespect of professional code of conduct! We are the first legal guard in the business of the remediation Importance of geologists social role in supporting administration decisions! 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it
  • 35. Essential support of Geological communities: promoting geoeducation activity (We live in a probabilistic World) Focusing on the priority of environmental problem solving 束Building bridges損 between other professions (engineer, chemistry, physicist etc.) in order to increase team working (such as Assise di Napoli association) Denouncing incorrect information 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it
  • 36. Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it29/04/2014 SCW% Number of inhabitants % per Municipality 200020012002200420052006200720082009 From 10 to 42.12 % of Recycling in few years
  • 37. 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it Thank you for your attention Any questions?
  • 38. - Bianchi, F., Biggeri, A., Cadum, E., Comba, P., Forastiere, F., Martuzzi, M., &Terracini, B. (2006). Epidemiologia ambientale e aree inquinate in Italia. Epidemiol Prev, 30(3), 146-152. - Ducci, D. (2013). Le acque sotterranee nella terra dei fuochi. ambiente rischio comunicazione, 39. - Ferrara, L., Iannace, M., Patelli, A. M., & Arienzo, M. (2013). Geochemical survey of an illegal waste disposal site under a waste emergency scenario (Northwest Naples, Italy). Environmental monitoring and assessment, 185(3), 2671-2682. - Senior, K., andA. Mazza. 2004. Italian 'Triangle of Death' Linked toWaste Crisis. The Lancet Oncology 5: 525527. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(04)01561-X. - B. DeVivo, Harvey Belkin,Annamaria Lima, EnvironmentalGeochemistry: Site Characterization, Data Analysis and Case Histories: Site Characterization, Data Analysis andCase Histories, Chap.16 - Capone, N. (2013).The Assemblies of the City of Naples: A Long Battle to Defend the Landscape and Environment.Capitalism Nature Socialism, 24(4), 46-54. - Lambiente Geologico della Campania - Le rotte della terra dei fuochi Legambiente - Rifiuti s.p.a. - Rapporto ambientale del Piano di Gestione Regionale dei Rifiuti (PRGR) - -Italian Decree 90/2009 - -Italian Decree 152/2006 - -Italian Decree 36/2003 - - Spatial Data of land cover extracted from PianificazioneTerritoriale Regionale of Campania local administration (http://sit.regione.campania.it/) - http://www.camera.it/_dati/leg16/lavori/documentiparlamentari/indiceetesti/023/019/00000008.pdf - http://www.napoliassise.it/siticonspiegazione.pdf 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it For further studies:
  • 39. 29/04/2014 Dr. Ciro Manzo IIACNR c.manzo@iia.cnr.it