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clinical symptoms surgery internal medicine emergency department ed imaging er emergency investigations causes treatment evaluation management diagnosis meniere's disease physical examination cardiac gynecology obg pathophysiology psychiatry scenarios ct scan mental radiology psychosis gastrointestinal anatomy of the eyelid ptosis eyelid ophthalmologist ophthalmology ultrasonography vestibular neuritis otoscopy epley's manoeuvre peripheral vs central vertigo inner ear dizzy ent ear anatomy idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops benign paroxysmal positional vertigo bppv ±¹Ã©°ù³Ù¾±²µ´Ç congenital frontalis muller's muscle levator palpebrae superioris lymphatics vessles muscles nerves tangentiality non-linear thought pattern circumstantial speech bipolar circumstantiality loosening of association word salad schizophrenia psychology formal thought disorders disorders form of thought difference psychological somatoform disorders malingering factitious disorder clinical decision making preterm labor cervix cervical insufficiency layers us ultrasound progesterone cervical pessary cervical cerclage prom diastolic systolic blood pressure edema jvp findings ecg left heart failure right heart failure chf congestive heart failure cardiology heart heart failure cervical incompetence vomiting pregnant pregnancy hyperemesis gravidarum obstetrics x-ray xray ct algorithm stone in the kidney colicky pain stones renal colic urosurgery urology kidney kidneys renal work up differential diagnosis dd history internal medidince indications limitations of pulse oximetry normal values other respiratory lung grades overview clubbing pulse oximetry pulse pediatrics infections hormonal genetic ketosis medicine background prognosis complications heat cramps heat edema heat rash spectrum hyperthermia heat related illness heat related disorders mannitol ict increased intracranial tension increased intracranial pressure icp high blood pressure stages of stroke mri hemorrhagic thrombosis embolic ischemic stroke neurosurgery neurology stroke dehydration history taking headache aortic aneurysm mesenteric ischemia gi tract volvulus mi case surgical acute abdominal pain acute abdomen causality emergency room signs signs and symptoms anhidrosis heat stroke heat exhaustion syncope heat syncope