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CMA school topic I- Principles of Molecular Diagnostics

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Divya Narayanan

The document discusses key components of cytology genetics including nucleotides that make up nucleic acids, the enzymes involved in DNA replication such as helicase, DNA polymerase, primase, and ligase, the process of transcription including RNA polymerase, the 5' cap and poly-A tail, and protein synthesis involving ribosomes, tRNAs, and amino acids. Videos are also linked to provide further information on DNA replication, transcription, and translation.

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CMA school topic I- Principles of Molecular Diagnostics
Cytology Genetics Cytogenetic s
Nucleic Acid ~ Polynucleotides Nucleotides Phosphate esters of nucleosides (monomers) Three components: A base that has a nitrogen atom A five carbon sugar An ion of phosphoric acid
CMA school topic I- Principles of Molecular Diagnostics
CMA school topic I- Principles of Molecular Diagnostics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_-6JXLYS-k
CMA school topic I- Principles of Molecular Diagnostics
CMA school topic I- Principles of Molecular Diagnostics
CMA school topic I- Principles of Molecular Diagnostics
Helicase: unwinds the double helix DNA polymerase III: synthesizes new strand by base pairing in 53 direction using ATP, GTP, CTP, TTP Primase: creates short RNA primer for DNA polymerase III to continue the synthesis Single-strand binding proteins: restricts rewinding of DNA DNA polymerase I: removes RNA primer and synthesizes DNA Ligase: Joins by phosphodiester bond Topoisomerase: helps in avoiding overwinding of DNA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSebRSfo23Y
Promoter: Recognition sequences on DNA close to start of gene. AT rich RNA polymerase: synthesizes pre-mRNA from DNA template strand in 53. Adds A, U, C, G 5 cap: 7-methylguanosine at 5 end of pre-mRNA Poly A tail: 100-200 adenine (A) nucleotides at 3 end of pre-mRNA
CMA school topic I- Principles of Molecular Diagnostics
CMA school topic I- Principles of Molecular Diagnostics
Ribosome: protein synthesizers tRNA(transferRNA) : adaptor molecule made of RNA Aminoacid: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gG7uCskUOrA
CMA school topic I- Principles of Molecular Diagnostics
CMA school topic I- Principles of Molecular Diagnostics
Its all in your DNA.....

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CMA school topic I- Principles of Molecular Diagnostics

  • 3. Nucleic Acid ~ Polynucleotides Nucleotides Phosphate esters of nucleosides (monomers) Three components: A base that has a nitrogen atom A five carbon sugar An ion of phosphoric acid
  • 10. Helicase: unwinds the double helix DNA polymerase III: synthesizes new strand by base pairing in 53 direction using ATP, GTP, CTP, TTP Primase: creates short RNA primer for DNA polymerase III to continue the synthesis Single-strand binding proteins: restricts rewinding of DNA DNA polymerase I: removes RNA primer and synthesizes DNA Ligase: Joins by phosphodiester bond Topoisomerase: helps in avoiding overwinding of DNA
  • 12. Promoter: Recognition sequences on DNA close to start of gene. AT rich RNA polymerase: synthesizes pre-mRNA from DNA template strand in 53. Adds A, U, C, G 5 cap: 7-methylguanosine at 5 end of pre-mRNA Poly A tail: 100-200 adenine (A) nucleotides at 3 end of pre-mRNA
  • 15. Ribosome: protein synthesizers tRNA(transferRNA) : adaptor molecule made of RNA Aminoacid: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gG7uCskUOrA
  • 18. Its all in your DNA.....

Editor's Notes

  1. Interrelationship of various fields to Molecular Biology and Cytogenetics. Molecular Biology is interdependent on Biochemistry and Genetics, while Cytogenetics is a combination of concepts from Cytology and Genetics. CMA is a molecular cytogenetics technique, which arises from combination of Cytology, Genetics, Cytogenetics, and Molecular Biology. We need to understand the principles of molecular biology before we step into the concept of molecular cytogenetics. The concept of molecular biology starts with genes.