John Locke was an English philosopher born in 1632. He attended Oxford University and was elected to the Royal Society. In 1689, he wrote Two Treatises of Government anonymously challenging theories of absolute rule of kings. In the works, he argued for natural rights and social contract theory. Locke believed people were born with certain inalienable rights and that governments were formed by consent of the governed through a social contract. His writings on these ideas influenced the formation of the United States government.