A biopsychosocial approach to stroke physiotherapy. This is a move to integrate the personal and environmental factors to the standing biomedical understanding of the disease for a tailor-made treatment.
The biomechanical frame of reference views the body as a machine made up of parts that can be impaired by disease or injury. It focuses on structural stability, range of motion, endurance, edema control, and strength through purposeful activities. The assumptions of this frame of reference are that purposeful activities can treat impairments, regaining function follows regaining impairments, the body needs rest then stress, and it is best suited for patients with an intact central nervous system.
1) Instrument-assisted soft-tissue mobilization (IASTM) uses handheld tools to treat soft-tissue injuries like sprains and strains by breaking up scar tissue and restarting the healing process.
2) IASTM involves using instruments made of materials like stainless steel to apply friction deep in tissues to normalize hyaluronic acid and improve range of motion restricted by densified connective tissue.
3) IASTM benefits both patients by accelerating soft-tissue healing and reducing chronic pain, and practitioners by reducing hand stress and expanding their practice through a specialized soft-tissue treatment technique.
Resistance bands can be used to meet a variety of fitness goals such as fat loss, injury prevention, and functional strength training. They provide resistance anywhere and at varying intensities. Resistance bands come in different resistance levels distinguished by color, and choosing the right band is important for one's needs and abilities. Resistance band training strengthens muscles as an alternative to weight training, and offers benefits such as cost effectiveness, full body workout, and portability.
Peripheral joint mobilization and manipulation refers to manual therapy techniques used to treat joint impairments and range of motion limitations. Techniques include passive movements, self-mobilization exercises, and mobilization with movement performed by a therapist. Variables like speed, amplitude, and direction are used. Mobilization techniques are classified by grade based on factors like oscillation rate and amplitude. Precautions are taken with certain conditions, and techniques are selected based on a patient's examination and evaluation.
This document provides an outline for a presentation on concussion in sport. The presentation aims to familiarize practitioners with evaluating and managing concussions, from sideline assessment to return to play protocols. It discusses updated definitions of concussion, signs and symptoms, sideline evaluation tools like SCAT5 and King-Devick testing, and clinical management best practices. The presentation also covers topics like post-concussion syndrome, vestibular rehabilitation, return to learn protocols, and controversial issues like chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
This document discusses the kinetics and kinematics of human gait. It defines kinetics as the study of forces acting on bodies, and kinematics as the study of motion without regard to forces. The document outlines the major forces involved in gait including externally generated forces like gravity and ground reaction forces, and internally generated forces from muscle contraction. It describes the motions and forces at the ankle, knee, and hip joints throughout the gait cycle. Measurement techniques for kinetics like force plates and for kinematics like motion capture are also summarized.
Group exercise involves treating small groups of patients (no more than 6-8) who have similar disabilities. This allows exercises to be modified for each individual while teaching patterns simultaneously. Patients learn responsibility for their own exercise and are encouraged by the physiotherapist. Proper selection, grading into levels based on capacity, explanation to patients, group size, and instruction technique are keys to success. Group exercise is a progression from individual treatment that helps patients regain confidence and independence.
1. Muscle contraction occurs through the interaction of actin and myosin fibers, generating tension while the muscle may shorten, lengthen, or remain the same length.
2. There are three main types of muscular contractions: concentric contractions which shorten the muscle, eccentric contractions which lengthen the muscle, and isometric contractions which maintain the same muscle length.
3. Additional contraction types include isotonic where tension remains constant during length changes, isokinetic where speed remains constant, and auxotonic which is a near isotonic contraction. Each contraction type serves a distinct functional role in movement.
Concept given by Shacklock (modern concept) and Butler (old concept), a method of assessment as well as treatment of peripheral neurological system by physiotherapists.
Part-I: The current slideshow: theoretical aspect of neurodynamics.
Part-II: Assessment of peripheral nervous system on the basis of neurodynamic concepts: Date: 01/04/2020
Part-III: treatment part: Date: 03/04/2020
Part-IV: Self neurodynamics: 05/04/2020
The document provides information on the sacroiliac joint, including its anatomy, clinical signs of dysfunction, and management approaches. It discusses the sacroiliac joint's role in stability and mobility. Common causes of sacroiliac joint pain include traumatic injuries, degenerative changes, and inflammatory conditions. Physical examination focuses on assessing hypomobility and hypermobility through inspection of bony landmarks and muscle testing. Management involves techniques to improve joint mechanics, like sacral counternutation and innominate rotations, as well as exercises and postural corrections.
This document discusses the anatomy, classification, causes, mechanisms, and assessment of brachial plexus injuries. It begins with an anatomy review and discusses the formation and branches of the brachial plexus. It describes various causes of brachial plexus injury including trauma, tumors, and iatrogenic lesions. Traumatic injuries are most commonly caused by traction or compression forces that stretch the brachial plexus between its points of attachment. Physical examination involves assessing range of motion, motor strength, sensation, and performing special tests to evaluate specific nerves and muscles.
Simplified continuing ed talk created for hospital physical medicine and rehabilitation department in Saudi Arabia around 2013. Had/has many animations and movement in slides, which don't seem to work in slideshare? Somewhat outdated anyway, so needs updating.
**apologies for non-working animations. Havent had time to recreate this and try to re-upload to make them work properly. 際際滷share just doesnt display my ppts as created.
This document discusses aging and exercise for the elderly. It defines elderly as those aged 65 years and older, divided into young-old from 65-75 years, middle-old from 75-85 years, and old-old at 85 years and older. Several topics are covered, including theories of aging, the effects of aging on body systems, the benefits of exercise for the elderly, developing an appropriate exercise prescription, and assessments to conduct before starting an exercise program. A pre-exercise examination is outlined to evaluate factors like joint mobility, strength, balance, and cardiovascular function.
Occupational therapy uses purposeful and therapeutic activities to help people participate in daily tasks according to their goals. Therapeutic activities include exercises focused on improving range of motion, strength, or a specific function as well as purposeful activities where the focus is on completing a meaningful task. Occupational therapists evaluate clients, develop customized intervention plans involving different types of exercises and activities, and assess outcomes to ensure goals are met.
effect of ex on various systems , adaptations.pptxdevanshi92
油
Regular physical activity can help maintain body composition and cardiovascular health in adolescents. A study compared anthropometric measures, body composition, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness between adolescent athletes and physically active non-athletes. No differences were found in anthropometric or body composition measures between groups. However, athletes had lower diastolic blood pressure and higher VO2 max, indicating regular training provides additional cardiovascular benefits. Lung function is also generally higher in adolescent athletes compared to non-athletes due to training effects. Moderate exercise boosts mucosal immunity by increasing IgA, while prolonged, intensive exercise or overtraining can suppress it.
The femur is the longest and heaviest bone in the body. It consists of a shaft and superior and inferior ends. The superior end has a head, neck, and two projections (greater and lesser trochanters). The head articulates with the pelvis. The neck attaches to the shaft at a 125 degree angle. The greater and lesser trochanters provide muscle attachment sites. The shaft has a prominent ridge (linea aspera) and diverging margins. The inferior end forms the medial and lateral condyles, which articulate with the tibia at the knee joint. Fractures commonly occur at the femoral neck, greater trochanter, or shaft.
A criteria based progression rehabilitation protocol for hamstring strain injuries presented at the Sports Medicine Australia conference 2015 during the Hamstring symposium
This document defines pain and describes the physiology of pain. It states that pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Pain is transmitted via nociceptors and travels along afferent nerve fibers to the spinal cord. The gate control theory proposes that pain transmission can be modulated by interactions between pain fibers and touch fibers at the spinal cord. Chronic pain may involve different nerve fibers and neurotransmitters than acute pain. Various brain regions are also involved in pain perception and modulation.
This document provides information about the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale for classifying spinal cord injuries. It outlines the 5 steps for determining the ASIA grade: 1) determine sensory levels, 2) determine motor levels, 3) determine the neurological level of injury, 4) determine if the injury is complete or incomplete, and 5) determine the ASIA Impairment Scale grade (A-E). A 30-year-old man who fell 8 feet and had no motor function or voluntary anal contraction below his inguinal region is presented as a case example to demonstrate how to apply the ASIA scale.
Chiropractic and osteopathic medicine are alternative medicine practices that focus on manual manipulation and adjustment of the body. Chiropractic focuses specifically on spinal manipulation, while osteopathy takes a broader approach and also considers other tissues. Both aim to treat musculoskeletal issues by restoring normal nerve function or structural integrity through manual techniques like spinal adjustments or soft tissue massage. Common conditions treated include back pain, arthritis, and injuries. Training also differs, with chiropractors undergoing shorter training focused on adjustments while osteopaths receive full medical training and can also prescribe medications.
This document contains diagrams and descriptions of the anatomy and biomechanics of the wrist and hand. It details the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles and tendons involved in wrist and finger movement. The diagrams show the carpal tunnel, bones of the wrist, ligaments, muscle attachments, axes of rotation, and mechanisms of flexion, extension, ulnar and radial deviation of the wrist. Additional diagrams illustrate the extensor and flexor muscles of the fingers and thumb.
The document outlines several key determinants of resistance exercise programs including alignment and stabilization, intensity, volume, exercise order, frequency, duration, rest intervals, mode of exercise, velocity of exercise, periodization, and integration of function. It provides details on each determinant such as how intensity refers to the amount of resistance used and is dependent on volume, frequency, and exercise order. It also explains how factors like rest intervals, frequency, and duration must be considered to avoid overtraining.
This document discusses different types of muscle contractions that can occur during physical therapy. It describes isometric contractions where the operator and patient forces match so no movement occurs. It also describes isotonic eccentric contractions where the operator force overcomes the patient's effort, moving the joint in the opposite direction. The effort of the patient should be 20% of their strength and held for 7-10 seconds.
Group exercise involves treating small groups of patients (no more than 6-8) who have similar disabilities. This allows exercises to be modified for each individual while teaching patterns simultaneously. Patients learn responsibility for their own exercise and are encouraged by the physiotherapist. Proper selection, grading into levels based on capacity, explanation to patients, group size, and instruction technique are keys to success. Group exercise is a progression from individual treatment that helps patients regain confidence and independence.
1. Muscle contraction occurs through the interaction of actin and myosin fibers, generating tension while the muscle may shorten, lengthen, or remain the same length.
2. There are three main types of muscular contractions: concentric contractions which shorten the muscle, eccentric contractions which lengthen the muscle, and isometric contractions which maintain the same muscle length.
3. Additional contraction types include isotonic where tension remains constant during length changes, isokinetic where speed remains constant, and auxotonic which is a near isotonic contraction. Each contraction type serves a distinct functional role in movement.
Concept given by Shacklock (modern concept) and Butler (old concept), a method of assessment as well as treatment of peripheral neurological system by physiotherapists.
Part-I: The current slideshow: theoretical aspect of neurodynamics.
Part-II: Assessment of peripheral nervous system on the basis of neurodynamic concepts: Date: 01/04/2020
Part-III: treatment part: Date: 03/04/2020
Part-IV: Self neurodynamics: 05/04/2020
The document provides information on the sacroiliac joint, including its anatomy, clinical signs of dysfunction, and management approaches. It discusses the sacroiliac joint's role in stability and mobility. Common causes of sacroiliac joint pain include traumatic injuries, degenerative changes, and inflammatory conditions. Physical examination focuses on assessing hypomobility and hypermobility through inspection of bony landmarks and muscle testing. Management involves techniques to improve joint mechanics, like sacral counternutation and innominate rotations, as well as exercises and postural corrections.
This document discusses the anatomy, classification, causes, mechanisms, and assessment of brachial plexus injuries. It begins with an anatomy review and discusses the formation and branches of the brachial plexus. It describes various causes of brachial plexus injury including trauma, tumors, and iatrogenic lesions. Traumatic injuries are most commonly caused by traction or compression forces that stretch the brachial plexus between its points of attachment. Physical examination involves assessing range of motion, motor strength, sensation, and performing special tests to evaluate specific nerves and muscles.
Simplified continuing ed talk created for hospital physical medicine and rehabilitation department in Saudi Arabia around 2013. Had/has many animations and movement in slides, which don't seem to work in slideshare? Somewhat outdated anyway, so needs updating.
**apologies for non-working animations. Havent had time to recreate this and try to re-upload to make them work properly. 際際滷share just doesnt display my ppts as created.
This document discusses aging and exercise for the elderly. It defines elderly as those aged 65 years and older, divided into young-old from 65-75 years, middle-old from 75-85 years, and old-old at 85 years and older. Several topics are covered, including theories of aging, the effects of aging on body systems, the benefits of exercise for the elderly, developing an appropriate exercise prescription, and assessments to conduct before starting an exercise program. A pre-exercise examination is outlined to evaluate factors like joint mobility, strength, balance, and cardiovascular function.
Occupational therapy uses purposeful and therapeutic activities to help people participate in daily tasks according to their goals. Therapeutic activities include exercises focused on improving range of motion, strength, or a specific function as well as purposeful activities where the focus is on completing a meaningful task. Occupational therapists evaluate clients, develop customized intervention plans involving different types of exercises and activities, and assess outcomes to ensure goals are met.
effect of ex on various systems , adaptations.pptxdevanshi92
油
Regular physical activity can help maintain body composition and cardiovascular health in adolescents. A study compared anthropometric measures, body composition, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness between adolescent athletes and physically active non-athletes. No differences were found in anthropometric or body composition measures between groups. However, athletes had lower diastolic blood pressure and higher VO2 max, indicating regular training provides additional cardiovascular benefits. Lung function is also generally higher in adolescent athletes compared to non-athletes due to training effects. Moderate exercise boosts mucosal immunity by increasing IgA, while prolonged, intensive exercise or overtraining can suppress it.
The femur is the longest and heaviest bone in the body. It consists of a shaft and superior and inferior ends. The superior end has a head, neck, and two projections (greater and lesser trochanters). The head articulates with the pelvis. The neck attaches to the shaft at a 125 degree angle. The greater and lesser trochanters provide muscle attachment sites. The shaft has a prominent ridge (linea aspera) and diverging margins. The inferior end forms the medial and lateral condyles, which articulate with the tibia at the knee joint. Fractures commonly occur at the femoral neck, greater trochanter, or shaft.
A criteria based progression rehabilitation protocol for hamstring strain injuries presented at the Sports Medicine Australia conference 2015 during the Hamstring symposium
This document defines pain and describes the physiology of pain. It states that pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Pain is transmitted via nociceptors and travels along afferent nerve fibers to the spinal cord. The gate control theory proposes that pain transmission can be modulated by interactions between pain fibers and touch fibers at the spinal cord. Chronic pain may involve different nerve fibers and neurotransmitters than acute pain. Various brain regions are also involved in pain perception and modulation.
This document provides information about the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale for classifying spinal cord injuries. It outlines the 5 steps for determining the ASIA grade: 1) determine sensory levels, 2) determine motor levels, 3) determine the neurological level of injury, 4) determine if the injury is complete or incomplete, and 5) determine the ASIA Impairment Scale grade (A-E). A 30-year-old man who fell 8 feet and had no motor function or voluntary anal contraction below his inguinal region is presented as a case example to demonstrate how to apply the ASIA scale.
Chiropractic and osteopathic medicine are alternative medicine practices that focus on manual manipulation and adjustment of the body. Chiropractic focuses specifically on spinal manipulation, while osteopathy takes a broader approach and also considers other tissues. Both aim to treat musculoskeletal issues by restoring normal nerve function or structural integrity through manual techniques like spinal adjustments or soft tissue massage. Common conditions treated include back pain, arthritis, and injuries. Training also differs, with chiropractors undergoing shorter training focused on adjustments while osteopaths receive full medical training and can also prescribe medications.
This document contains diagrams and descriptions of the anatomy and biomechanics of the wrist and hand. It details the bones, joints, ligaments, muscles and tendons involved in wrist and finger movement. The diagrams show the carpal tunnel, bones of the wrist, ligaments, muscle attachments, axes of rotation, and mechanisms of flexion, extension, ulnar and radial deviation of the wrist. Additional diagrams illustrate the extensor and flexor muscles of the fingers and thumb.
The document outlines several key determinants of resistance exercise programs including alignment and stabilization, intensity, volume, exercise order, frequency, duration, rest intervals, mode of exercise, velocity of exercise, periodization, and integration of function. It provides details on each determinant such as how intensity refers to the amount of resistance used and is dependent on volume, frequency, and exercise order. It also explains how factors like rest intervals, frequency, and duration must be considered to avoid overtraining.
This document discusses different types of muscle contractions that can occur during physical therapy. It describes isometric contractions where the operator and patient forces match so no movement occurs. It also describes isotonic eccentric contractions where the operator force overcomes the patient's effort, moving the joint in the opposite direction. The effort of the patient should be 20% of their strength and held for 7-10 seconds.
This document summarizes several medical cases seen via MRI imaging. It describes a 28-year-old male with back pain who was found to have a hydatid cyst near his chest. It also describes a 23-year-old male with headaches who was diagnosed with a choroid plexus papilloma in his fourth ventricle. Additionally, it outlines a 4-year-old male with kyphosis and inability to walk who was found to have a lipomyelomeningocele with tethered cord and syringohydromyelia.
This document discusses nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and their cardiovascular risks. It summarizes several major clinical trials that compared NSAIDs to placebos or other NSAIDs. The VIGOR trial found rofecoxib (Vioxx) increased heart attack risk compared to naproxen. Subsequent trials had conflicting results on COX-2 inhibitors and traditional NSAIDs. Meta-analyses found both COX-2 inhibitors and traditional NSAIDs, except naproxen, modestly increase cardiovascular risk compared to placebos. Aspirin was the only NSAID found to reduce cardiovascular risk.
This document provides an overview of pain, including definitions, classifications, physiology, assessment, and management. It defines pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Pain is classified based on location, duration (acute vs chronic), and intensity (mild, moderate, severe). The physiology of pain involves transduction, transmission, modulation, and perception of pain signals in the nervous system. Nurses assess pain using scales and treat it using pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods based on the type and severity of the pain.
MRI uses magnetism and radio waves to produce detailed images of soft tissues in the body. It was developed based on principles of nuclear magnetic resonance and the first MRI exam took 5 hours to produce one image. Key components of an MRI scanner include powerful magnets to align hydrogen nuclei in tissues, gradient coils to localize images, and radiofrequency coils to transmit signals and receive returning signals used to construct images. MRI provides advantages over other imaging techniques by using no ionizing radiation and allowing cross-sectional imaging in any plane with good contrast resolution.
This document discusses pain in several sections:
1. It defines pain and its subjective nature. Pain is the most common reason people seek medical care and acts as a protective mechanism.
2. It describes pain transmission and the gate control theory of pain. Nociceptors transmit pain impulses and can be modulated by other stimuli.
3. It categorizes acute, chronic, and cancer-related pain and discusses factors influencing individual pain responses. Non-pharmacological and pharmacological pain management strategies are also outlined.