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Hybridization ???????

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Ganim Hasanayn
Ganim Hasanayn

An Eglish Arabic power point presentation about hybridization of carbon orbitals in organic compounds

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Bonding and orbital hybridization in carbon atom ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? http://ganimchem.com/ 1
Electron configuration of Carbon Atom 2p 2 unpaired electrons ?????? ????????? ??????? can form only two bonds to two hydrogen atoms with bond angle 900 ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? 2s 900 ????????? ???????? ??????? http://ganimchem.com/ 2
sp3 Hybridization sp3 ??????? 2p An electron is excited from 2s to 2p orbital 2p ?2 ??? ????s ????? ??????? ?? ???? 2s http://ganimchem.com/ 3
sp3 Hybridization sp3sp3 ??????? Hybridization sp3 ??????? 2p 2p 2s 2s http://ganimchem.com/ 4
sp3 Orbital Hybridization 2p The 2s orbital and the three 2p orbitals mix together to form 4 sp3 ? ??????sp ?2 ????? ????? ?????p ?2 ?? ???? ?????s ?????? ???? sp3 2s http://ganimchem.com/ 5
sp3 Orbital Hybridization sp3 Orbital Hybridization 2p 2s 4 sp3 hybrid orbitals with tetrahedral geometry ? ????? ??? ??? ??????sp3 ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? 2 sp3 http://ganimchem.com/ 6
SP3 hybrid orbitals, tetrahedral shape ? ????????SP3 ?????? ??????? ????? ????? http://ganimchem.com/
Methane Structure ???? ???? ???????? Tetrahedral ?????? ?????? Bond angles = 109.5¡ã ?????? ???????? 109. http://ganimchem.com/
Structure of Ethane C2H6 ?????? ???? ??????? CH3CH3 Tetrahedral shape of the bonds at each carbon atom ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? http://ganimchem.com/
sp2 Hybridization sp2 ??????? http://ganimchem.com/
Ethene molecule C2H4 ???? ???? ??????? C2H4 H2C=CH2 Shape : Planar ?????? ?????? bond angles: 120¡ã ????????? 120¡ã http://ganimchem.com/
sp2 Hybridization - sp2 ??????? 2p An electron from the 2s is excited to 2p orbital ?2 ??? ????s ????? ??????? ?? ???? 2s http://ganimchem.com/
sp2 Hybridization - sp2 ??????? 2p 2p 2s 2s http://ganimchem.com/
sp2 Hybridization - sp2 ??????? 2p 2s orbital and two 2p orbitals hybridize to form three sp2 ?2 ?????? ?????p ?2 ???????s ????? ????? ??? ???? .? ??????sp2 ?????? 2s http://ganimchem.com/
sp22Orbital Hybridization sp2 ??????? sp Hybridization - 2s 2p 2 sp2 3 equivalent sp2 hybrid orbitals and 1 unhybridized p orbital. .?2 ??? ?????p ? ??????? ????? ????sp2 ?????? 3 ????? http://ganimchem.com/
sp22Orbital Hybridization sp2 ??????? sp Hybridization - Two sp2 orbitals form s bonds with 2H atoms the third forms a s bond 2p to C atom. ? ???? ??????? ?? ????sp2 ??????? 2 sp2 ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? http://ganimchem.com/
Ethene C2Hybridization ????? ??????? sp2 Orbital H4 molecule http://ganimchem.com/
Ethene C2H4 molecule ????? ??????? The unhybridized p p orbitals of the two carbon atoms form p bond with 2 sp2 each other . ? ??? ?????????p ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ¦Ð ????? http://ganimchem.com/
¦Ð Bond in ethene C2H4 ? ?? ???????¦Ð ??????? 2p 2 sp2 The unhybridized 2p orbital are perpendicular to plane of the s bonds the ¦Ð ?2 ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????p ?????? http://ganimchem.com/
¦Ð Bond in ethene C2H4 ? ?? ???????¦Ð ??????? p Bonding in Ethylene p 2 sp2 side-by-side overlap p orbitals side-by- gives a p bond. ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? p ????? http://ganimchem.com/
sp Hybridization Ethyne molecule C2H2 sp ??????? ????? ???????? C2 H 2 http://ganimchem.com/
Ethyne C2H2 molecule ????? ???????? Structure of Acetylene C2H2 HC CH Shape: Linear bond angles: 180¡ã 180¡ã 1800 ??????: ??? - ??????????? ???????? http://ganimchem.com/
Sp Hybridization - sp ??????? 2p An electron from the 2s is excited to 2p orbital ?2 ??? ????s ????? ??????? ?? ???? 2s http://ganimchem.com/
SpOrbital Hybridization sp ??????? sp Hybridization - 2p 2p 2s 2s http://ganimchem.com/
Sp Hybridization - sp ??????? 2p 2s orbital and one 2p orbital mix together to form two sp hybrid orbitals ?2 ???????p ?2 ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????s ?????? ???? ? ???????sp ??????? 2s http://ganimchem.com/
Sp Hybridization - sp ??????? One sp orbital forms a s bond 2p with a hydrogen atom and the other forms a s bond with a carbon atom . 2 sp2 ? ????? ?? ????sp ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? http://ganimchem.com/
Sp Hybridization - sp ??????? 2p s s 2 sp2 s http://ganimchem.com/
¦Ð Bonds in ethyne C2H2 ? ?? ????????¦Ð ???????? The unhybridized p orbitals of 2p carbon form two p bonds between the 2 carbon atoms. ? ??? ??????? ???? ???????p ?????? 2 sp ???? ??? ???? ???????? http://ganimchem.com/
¦Ð Bonds in ethyne C2H2 ? ?? ????????¦Ð ???????? 2p 2 sp2 p orbital of each carbon atom forms ¦Ð bond ? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????p ????? http://ganimchem.com/
¦Ð Bonds in ethyne C2H2 ? ?? ????????¦Ð ???????? 2p 2 sp Another p bond is formed between carbon atoms ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? http://ganimchem.com/
¦Ð Bonds in ethyne C2H2 ? ?? ????????¦Ð ???????? 2p 2 sp2 http://ganimchem.com/
Ethyne shape ???? ???? ???????? http://ganimchem.com/
SP3 hybridization animation hybridization.mht http://ganimchem.com/
Hybridization animation http://ganimchem.com/

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Hybridization ???????

  • 1. Bonding and orbital hybridization in carbon atom ???????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? http://ganimchem.com/ 1
  • 2. Electron configuration of Carbon Atom 2p 2 unpaired electrons ?????? ????????? ??????? can form only two bonds to two hydrogen atoms with bond angle 900 ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? 2s 900 ????????? ???????? ??????? http://ganimchem.com/ 2
  • 3. sp3 Hybridization sp3 ??????? 2p An electron is excited from 2s to 2p orbital 2p ?2 ??? ????s ????? ??????? ?? ???? 2s http://ganimchem.com/ 3
  • 4. sp3 Hybridization sp3sp3 ??????? Hybridization sp3 ??????? 2p 2p 2s 2s http://ganimchem.com/ 4
  • 5. sp3 Orbital Hybridization 2p The 2s orbital and the three 2p orbitals mix together to form 4 sp3 ? ??????sp ?2 ????? ????? ?????p ?2 ?? ???? ?????s ?????? ???? sp3 2s http://ganimchem.com/ 5
  • 6. sp3 Orbital Hybridization sp3 Orbital Hybridization 2p 2s 4 sp3 hybrid orbitals with tetrahedral geometry ? ????? ??? ??? ??????sp3 ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? 2 sp3 http://ganimchem.com/ 6
  • 7. SP3 hybrid orbitals, tetrahedral shape ? ????????SP3 ?????? ??????? ????? ????? http://ganimchem.com/
  • 8. Methane Structure ???? ???? ???????? Tetrahedral ?????? ?????? Bond angles = 109.5¡ã ?????? ???????? 109. http://ganimchem.com/
  • 9. Structure of Ethane C2H6 ?????? ???? ??????? CH3CH3 Tetrahedral shape of the bonds at each carbon atom ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? http://ganimchem.com/
  • 10. sp2 Hybridization sp2 ??????? http://ganimchem.com/
  • 11. Ethene molecule C2H4 ???? ???? ??????? C2H4 H2C=CH2 Shape : Planar ?????? ?????? bond angles: 120¡ã ????????? 120¡ã http://ganimchem.com/
  • 12. sp2 Hybridization - sp2 ??????? 2p An electron from the 2s is excited to 2p orbital ?2 ??? ????s ????? ??????? ?? ???? 2s http://ganimchem.com/
  • 13. sp2 Hybridization - sp2 ??????? 2p 2p 2s 2s http://ganimchem.com/
  • 14. sp2 Hybridization - sp2 ??????? 2p 2s orbital and two 2p orbitals hybridize to form three sp2 ?2 ?????? ?????p ?2 ???????s ????? ????? ??? ???? .? ??????sp2 ?????? 2s http://ganimchem.com/
  • 15. sp22Orbital Hybridization sp2 ??????? sp Hybridization - 2s 2p 2 sp2 3 equivalent sp2 hybrid orbitals and 1 unhybridized p orbital. .?2 ??? ?????p ? ??????? ????? ????sp2 ?????? 3 ????? http://ganimchem.com/
  • 16. sp22Orbital Hybridization sp2 ??????? sp Hybridization - Two sp2 orbitals form s bonds with 2H atoms the third forms a s bond 2p to C atom. ? ???? ??????? ?? ????sp2 ??????? 2 sp2 ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? http://ganimchem.com/
  • 17. Ethene C2Hybridization ????? ??????? sp2 Orbital H4 molecule http://ganimchem.com/
  • 18. Ethene C2H4 molecule ????? ??????? The unhybridized p p orbitals of the two carbon atoms form p bond with 2 sp2 each other . ? ??? ?????????p ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ¦Ð ????? http://ganimchem.com/
  • 19. ¦Ð Bond in ethene C2H4 ? ?? ???????¦Ð ??????? 2p 2 sp2 The unhybridized 2p orbital are perpendicular to plane of the s bonds the ¦Ð ?2 ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????p ?????? http://ganimchem.com/
  • 20. ¦Ð Bond in ethene C2H4 ? ?? ???????¦Ð ??????? p Bonding in Ethylene p 2 sp2 side-by-side overlap p orbitals side-by- gives a p bond. ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? p ????? http://ganimchem.com/
  • 21. sp Hybridization Ethyne molecule C2H2 sp ??????? ????? ???????? C2 H 2 http://ganimchem.com/
  • 22. Ethyne C2H2 molecule ????? ???????? Structure of Acetylene C2H2 HC CH Shape: Linear bond angles: 180¡ã 180¡ã 1800 ??????: ??? - ??????????? ???????? http://ganimchem.com/
  • 23. Sp Hybridization - sp ??????? 2p An electron from the 2s is excited to 2p orbital ?2 ??? ????s ????? ??????? ?? ???? 2s http://ganimchem.com/
  • 24. SpOrbital Hybridization sp ??????? sp Hybridization - 2p 2p 2s 2s http://ganimchem.com/
  • 25. Sp Hybridization - sp ??????? 2p 2s orbital and one 2p orbital mix together to form two sp hybrid orbitals ?2 ???????p ?2 ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????s ?????? ???? ? ???????sp ??????? 2s http://ganimchem.com/
  • 26. Sp Hybridization - sp ??????? One sp orbital forms a s bond 2p with a hydrogen atom and the other forms a s bond with a carbon atom . 2 sp2 ? ????? ?? ????sp ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? http://ganimchem.com/
  • 27. Sp Hybridization - sp ??????? 2p s s 2 sp2 s http://ganimchem.com/
  • 28. ¦Ð Bonds in ethyne C2H2 ? ?? ????????¦Ð ???????? The unhybridized p orbitals of 2p carbon form two p bonds between the 2 carbon atoms. ? ??? ??????? ???? ???????p ?????? 2 sp ???? ??? ???? ???????? http://ganimchem.com/
  • 29. ¦Ð Bonds in ethyne C2H2 ? ?? ????????¦Ð ???????? 2p 2 sp2 p orbital of each carbon atom forms ¦Ð bond ? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????p ????? http://ganimchem.com/
  • 30. ¦Ð Bonds in ethyne C2H2 ? ?? ????????¦Ð ???????? 2p 2 sp Another p bond is formed between carbon atoms ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? http://ganimchem.com/
  • 31. ¦Ð Bonds in ethyne C2H2 ? ?? ????????¦Ð ???????? 2p 2 sp2 http://ganimchem.com/
  • 32. Ethyne shape ???? ???? ???????? http://ganimchem.com/
  • 33. SP3 hybridization animation hybridization.mht http://ganimchem.com/
  • 34. Hybridization animation http://ganimchem.com/