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Rationalism final

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Rationalism originated in ancient Greece with philosophers like Pythagoras and Plato who emphasized reasoning. Ren辿 Descartes was a pivotal figure who introduced rationalism and rigorous reasoning from mathematics into philosophy. In the 18th century, rationalism influenced Enlightenment thinkers and architectural styles like Neoclassicism which used symmetrical geometric forms. In the 20th century, early modernist movements like the Italian Gruppo 7 applied rationalist principles to building designs focusing on functionality, simple forms, and industrial construction methods. Later neo-rationalist architects continued this emphasis on logic, order, and practicality.

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RATIONALISM AND ITS INFLUENCES GAGANDEEP KAUR, VANDANA SRINIVAS GARIMA BANSAL
ANCIENT TIMES EMBODIED THE CONCEPT OF RATIONALISM The first Western philosopher to stress rationalist insight was Pythagoras , of the 6th century BCE. Plato so greatly admired the rigorous reasoning of geometry that he is alleged to have inscribed over the door of his Academy the phrase Let no one unacquainted with geometry enter here. Aristotle is credited with the earliest study of formal logic, and his conception of it was the dominant form of Western logic until 19th century .
FATHER OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY The first modern rationalist was Descartes, an original mathematician whose ambition was to introduce into philosophy the rigor and clearness that delighted him in mathematics. He came up with I THINK THEREFORE I AM. RENE DESCARTES (31 March 1596 11 February 1650) Rational architects, following the philosophy of Rene Descartes emphasized geometric forms and ideal proportions.
ROCOCO ART Rococo was considered a frivolous art, exclusively for the aristocracy, unaware of social problems and only interested in pleasure. J.H.Fragonard, the swing, 1767 Delicate colors Curving forms Impurity in the behavior of subjects Woman is objectified Playful
J.H.Fragonard, the stolen kiss, 1780 . Sudden climax: his brief clasp, her possible retreat. The story implies a quick event.
18TH CENTURY RATIONALISM AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT Strong criticism from intellectuals like Voltaire in 1700s Serious art for serious times Scenes of heroism and virtue Looked back to the art of antiquity ACQUES LOUIS DAVID (1748-1825) 'Napoleon Crossing the Alps', 1801
NEOCLASSICISM Inspired by the rediscoveries at Pompeii and Herculaneum Discovery of the genuine classic interior Fresh influx of Greek architectural examples, the Greek revival The Enlightenment Architectural Rationalism was focused on being symmetrical, having accurate measurements of classic shapes, and functionality Many new institutions developed like public libraries, coffee houses and debating societies
Jacques Germain Soufflot The Pantheon in Paris, France,1756 http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Pantheon_in_Paris.html
William Thornton The United States Capitol in Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C. United States of America, in 1791 http://www.politicspa.com/718-morning-buzz-2/38206/us-capitol/ http://ushistoryimages.com/us-capitol.shtm
William Kent Holkham Hall In Holkham, Norfolk In 1715 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Plan_of_ Holkham_Hall.png
20TH CENTURY RATIONALIST ARCHITECTURE Conception of an architecture Close to logic and rationality Based on pure rhythm and the simple constructiveness Reason (based on availability of resources and needs) They hoped to adapt the conditions of architectural production to the world of industry. They were involved in making public buildings and housing.
We can divide the 20th century rationalism into two parts: Early 20th-century rationalism Gruppo 7 : group of Rational Architects include Guiseppe Terragni, Carlo Enrico Rava, Luigi Figini and Gino Pollini, Guido Frette, Ubaldo Castagnoli and Sebastiano Larco Neo-rationalism (Late 1960s) Inspired by both the Enlightenment and early-20th century rationalism In Italy -Carlo Aymonino , Aldo Rossi, and Giorgio Grassi. In Germany Oswald Mathias Ungers, Hans Kollhoff, and Max Dudler
Giuseppe Terragni - Italian architect Casa del Fascio built in Como, northern Italy in 1936 Fig. 1., Casa del Fascio, Available from: http://www.flickriver.com/photos/tags/manzoni/interesting/, Accessed on:15.10.13
Casa del Fascio http://followthecreativepath.blogspot.in/2011/07/casa -del-fascio.html http://architecturality.wordpress.com/tag/transparency/
Luigi Figini and Gino Pollini SS. GIOVANNIE PAOLO CHURCH SOCIAL SERVICES BUILDING Fig 4, Campo Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Venice, Italy, Available from:Fig 5, Social Services Building, Available http://www.tripadvisor.ca/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g187870- from:http://www.mimoa.eu/projects/Italy/Ivrea/Social%20 d243058-i39460644-Santi_Giovanni_e_PaoloServices%20Building, Accessed on :15.10.13 Venice_Veneto.html#39722196, Accessed on:15.10.13 The church and adjoining youth centre have a very irregular form This building consisted of a cultural center, a library, infirmary for the industrial city of Ivrea, in particular for the people, who worked for Olivetti.
Aldo Rossi Quartier Sch端tzenstrasse, Berlin urban structure of residential apartments mixed with commercial use. http://www.iam-architect.com/aldo-rossi/ http://www.arcspace.com/features/aldo-rossi-/quartierschutzenstrasse/
Carlo Aymonino Monte Amiata Housing A residential complex in the Gallaratese district of Milan, Italy corbu2.caed.kent.edu Fig 6, Gallaratese Ii Housing, Available from:http://mimoa.eu/projects/Italy/Milan/Gall aratese%20II%20Housing, Accessed on:15.10.13
Fig 6,Plans and sections of the Gallaratese Housing,Available from: http://www.docstoc.com/docs/134430179/Plans_-Sections-and-Elevations--Gallaratese-Housing-Block---Aldo-Rossi, Accessed on 15.10.13
References: Canniffe , Eamonn , The Politics of the Piazza: The History and Meaning of the Italian Square, Polemical Rationalism, Richard Etlin, Available from: http://www.academia.edu/4546673/Polemical_Rationalism ArchiTexts Association, Available from: http://architextsassociation.com/2012/09/19/giuseppe-terragni-and-therationalist-architecture-in-italy/

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Rationalism final

  • 1. RATIONALISM AND ITS INFLUENCES GAGANDEEP KAUR, VANDANA SRINIVAS GARIMA BANSAL
  • 2. ANCIENT TIMES EMBODIED THE CONCEPT OF RATIONALISM The first Western philosopher to stress rationalist insight was Pythagoras , of the 6th century BCE. Plato so greatly admired the rigorous reasoning of geometry that he is alleged to have inscribed over the door of his Academy the phrase Let no one unacquainted with geometry enter here. Aristotle is credited with the earliest study of formal logic, and his conception of it was the dominant form of Western logic until 19th century .
  • 3. FATHER OF MODERN PHILOSOPHY The first modern rationalist was Descartes, an original mathematician whose ambition was to introduce into philosophy the rigor and clearness that delighted him in mathematics. He came up with I THINK THEREFORE I AM. RENE DESCARTES (31 March 1596 11 February 1650) Rational architects, following the philosophy of Rene Descartes emphasized geometric forms and ideal proportions.
  • 4. ROCOCO ART Rococo was considered a frivolous art, exclusively for the aristocracy, unaware of social problems and only interested in pleasure. J.H.Fragonard, the swing, 1767 Delicate colors Curving forms Impurity in the behavior of subjects Woman is objectified Playful
  • 5. J.H.Fragonard, the stolen kiss, 1780 . Sudden climax: his brief clasp, her possible retreat. The story implies a quick event.
  • 6. 18TH CENTURY RATIONALISM AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT Strong criticism from intellectuals like Voltaire in 1700s Serious art for serious times Scenes of heroism and virtue Looked back to the art of antiquity ACQUES LOUIS DAVID (1748-1825) 'Napoleon Crossing the Alps', 1801
  • 7. NEOCLASSICISM Inspired by the rediscoveries at Pompeii and Herculaneum Discovery of the genuine classic interior Fresh influx of Greek architectural examples, the Greek revival The Enlightenment Architectural Rationalism was focused on being symmetrical, having accurate measurements of classic shapes, and functionality Many new institutions developed like public libraries, coffee houses and debating societies
  • 8. Jacques Germain Soufflot The Pantheon in Paris, France,1756 http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Pantheon_in_Paris.html
  • 9. William Thornton The United States Capitol in Capitol Hill, Washington, D.C. United States of America, in 1791 http://www.politicspa.com/718-morning-buzz-2/38206/us-capitol/ http://ushistoryimages.com/us-capitol.shtm
  • 10. William Kent Holkham Hall In Holkham, Norfolk In 1715 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Plan_of_ Holkham_Hall.png
  • 11. 20TH CENTURY RATIONALIST ARCHITECTURE Conception of an architecture Close to logic and rationality Based on pure rhythm and the simple constructiveness Reason (based on availability of resources and needs) They hoped to adapt the conditions of architectural production to the world of industry. They were involved in making public buildings and housing.
  • 12. We can divide the 20th century rationalism into two parts: Early 20th-century rationalism Gruppo 7 : group of Rational Architects include Guiseppe Terragni, Carlo Enrico Rava, Luigi Figini and Gino Pollini, Guido Frette, Ubaldo Castagnoli and Sebastiano Larco Neo-rationalism (Late 1960s) Inspired by both the Enlightenment and early-20th century rationalism In Italy -Carlo Aymonino , Aldo Rossi, and Giorgio Grassi. In Germany Oswald Mathias Ungers, Hans Kollhoff, and Max Dudler
  • 13. Giuseppe Terragni - Italian architect Casa del Fascio built in Como, northern Italy in 1936 Fig. 1., Casa del Fascio, Available from: http://www.flickriver.com/photos/tags/manzoni/interesting/, Accessed on:15.10.13
  • 15. Luigi Figini and Gino Pollini SS. GIOVANNIE PAOLO CHURCH SOCIAL SERVICES BUILDING Fig 4, Campo Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Venice, Italy, Available from:Fig 5, Social Services Building, Available http://www.tripadvisor.ca/LocationPhotoDirectLink-g187870- from:http://www.mimoa.eu/projects/Italy/Ivrea/Social%20 d243058-i39460644-Santi_Giovanni_e_PaoloServices%20Building, Accessed on :15.10.13 Venice_Veneto.html#39722196, Accessed on:15.10.13 The church and adjoining youth centre have a very irregular form This building consisted of a cultural center, a library, infirmary for the industrial city of Ivrea, in particular for the people, who worked for Olivetti.
  • 16. Aldo Rossi Quartier Sch端tzenstrasse, Berlin urban structure of residential apartments mixed with commercial use. http://www.iam-architect.com/aldo-rossi/ http://www.arcspace.com/features/aldo-rossi-/quartierschutzenstrasse/
  • 17. Carlo Aymonino Monte Amiata Housing A residential complex in the Gallaratese district of Milan, Italy corbu2.caed.kent.edu Fig 6, Gallaratese Ii Housing, Available from:http://mimoa.eu/projects/Italy/Milan/Gall aratese%20II%20Housing, Accessed on:15.10.13
  • 18. Fig 6,Plans and sections of the Gallaratese Housing,Available from: http://www.docstoc.com/docs/134430179/Plans_-Sections-and-Elevations--Gallaratese-Housing-Block---Aldo-Rossi, Accessed on 15.10.13
  • 19. References: Canniffe , Eamonn , The Politics of the Piazza: The History and Meaning of the Italian Square, Polemical Rationalism, Richard Etlin, Available from: http://www.academia.edu/4546673/Polemical_Rationalism ArchiTexts Association, Available from: http://architextsassociation.com/2012/09/19/giuseppe-terragni-and-therationalist-architecture-in-italy/

Editor's Notes

  • #14: use of Fascistrallies. Conceptualized as a classicalpalazzocentered on a glass atrium. built in accordance with the International Styleof architecture.