Epithelialtissue 120208062655-phpapp02
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This document provides an overview of epithelial tissue, including its functions, characteristics, classifications, and examples. Epithelial tissue forms protective layers and linings and is classified based on cell shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar) and number of layers (simple or stratified). Simple epithelia are single layers while stratified have multiple layers. Examples include the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin and transitional epithelium of the bladder.
Epithelialtissue 120208062655-phpapp02
- 1. Tissue Introduction & Epithelial Tissue BAKHTIARI DMD 1DD
- 2. Cells to Tissues As human body develops from single to multicellular, cells specialize. Body is interdependent system, malfunction of one group of cells is catastrophic. Cells specialize into types of tissues, then interspersed into organs.
- 3. Tissues = groups of cells that are similar in structure and function. Epithelium Muscle Coverings Movement Linings of surfaces Connective Nervous Support Control Bone, ligaments, Brain, nerves, fat spinal cord
- 4. Function of Epithelial Tissue Protection Skin protects from sunlight & bacteria & physical damage. Absorption Lining of small intestine, absorbing nutrients into blood Filtration Lining of Kidney tubules filtering wastes from blood plasma Secretion Different glands produce perspiration, oil, digestive enzymes and mucus
- 5. Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue Form continuous sheets (fit like tiles) Apical Surface All epithelial cells have a top surface that borders an open space known as a lumen Basement Membrane Underside of all epithelial cells which anchors them to connective tissue Avascularity (a = without) Lacks blood vessels Nourished by connective tissue Regenerate & repair quickly
- 6. Classification of Epithelial Tissue Cell Shape Squamous flattened like fish scales Cuboidal - cubes Columnar - columns Cell Layers Simple (one layer) Stratified (many layers) Named for the type of cell at the apical surface.
- 7. Simple Squamous Epithelium Structure Single Layer of flattened cells Function Absorption, and filtration Not effective protection single layer of cells. Location Walls of capillaries, air sacs in lungs Form serous membranes in body cavity
- 9. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Structure Single layer of cube shaped cells Function Secretion and transportation in glands, filtration in kidneys Location Glands and ducts (pancreas & salivary), kidney tubules, covers ovaries
- 11. Simple Columnar Epithelium Structure Elongated layer of cells with nuclei at same level Function Absorption, Protection & Secretion When open to body cavities called mucous membranes Special Features Microvilli, bumpy extension of apical surface, increase surface area and absorption rate. Goblet cells, single cell glands, produce protective mucus. Location Linings of entire digestive tract
- 13. Pseudostratified Epithelium Structure Irregularly shaped cells with nuclei at different levels appear stratified, but arent. All cells reach basement membrane Function Absorption and Secretion Goblet cells produce mucus Cilia (larger than microvilli) sweep mucus Location Respiratory Linings & Reproductive tract
- 15. Stratified Squamous Epithelium Structure Many layers (usually cubodial/columnar at bottom and squamous at top) Function Protection Keratin (protein) is accumulated in older cells near the surface waterproofs and toughens skin. Location Skin (keratinized), mouth & throat
- 16. Keratin Stratified Cubodial (layers of cubodial only)
- 17. Transitional Epithelium Structure Many layers Very specialized cells at base are cuboidal or columnar, at surface will vary. Change between stratified & simple as tissue is stretched out. Function Allows stretching (change size) Location Urinary bladder, ureters & urethra