Weight loss literature review
This document summarizes the potential causes of unintentional weight loss and important factors to consider when evaluating a patient experiencing it. Significant unintended weight loss over 6-12 months should be further investigated as it could indicate an underlying disease. The cause can be identified through a thorough medical history and physical exam. Potential etiologies include cancer, infections like HIV and tuberculosis, gastrointestinal disorders, endocrine/metabolic issues, cardiac/renal failure, psychiatric conditions, and social determinants. Malnutrition can increase risk for developing tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis itself can lead to malnutrition, so nutritional support is important when treating TB patients experiencing weight loss.
Weight loss literature review
- 1. Literature Review Each 5% unintentionally loss of body weight within 6-12 months need further concern. It gives sign of underlying systemic disease i.e. In fluid composition/volume changing body weight might change rapidly within days. the body weight loss because of neoplasm would take a longer time. deep historical taking and examination should be done to confirm the etiology
- 2. Given Question change in belt notch size the fit of clothing history of GI problems risk of HIV risk of malignancy signs of depression Prolonged infection Etc.
- 3. Possible etiologies of weight loss (2009, Fauci et.al) Cancer Medications :A Endocrine & metabolic causes Mouth & teeth disorders GI disorders Age-related Factors - Physiologic changes - Decreased taste & smell - Functional disabilities Cardiac disorders - Chronic Ischemia - Chronic congestive heart failure Neurologic causes Respiratory disorders - Emphysema - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Social causes - Isolation - Economic hardship Renal insufficiency Psychiatric & behavioral Rheumatologic disease Idiopathic Infections - HIV -Tuberculosis
- 4. Weight-loss in TB patient Malnutrition is one of important risk factor for TB development malnutrition affect cell-mediated immunity that works as the principle host against TB. TB itself could lead the patient into malnutrition condition In TB patient found a significant reduction in BMI, triceps skinfold thickness, arm muscle circumference, serum albumin, iron, and total iron binding capacity lead to immunosupressed condition Adequate treatment & nutrition support needed
- 5. References: Fauchi AS, et.al (ed.). Harrisons manual of medicine. 17th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2009. p.247-8 Cegielski JP, McMurray DN. The relationship between malnutrition and tuberculosis: evidence from studies in humans and experimental animals.Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2004;8:286298. Onwubalili JK. Malnutrition among tuberculosis patients in Harrow, England. Eur J Clin Nutr 1988;42:363366.