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Nhom7 mgttandem-share

i畛m L棚 Thanh
i畛m L棚 Thanh

The electrostatic accelerator TAMDEM

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B叩o c叩o m担n h畛c: MY GIA T畛C THE ELECTROSTATIC ACCELERATOR TANDEM Chi棚u D動董ng Thanh i畛m Quy T但m B叩ch Th畉ng
Nhu c畉u nghi棚n c畛u th炭c 畉y s畛 ph叩t tri畛n c畛a m叩y gia t畛c 2
N畛i dung 3 1. Gi畛i thi畛u 2. Ph但n t鱈ch, t鱈nh to叩n S董 畛 nguy棚n l箪 C畉u tr炭c quang h畛c H畛 th畉u k鱈nh Ph動董ng tr狸nh qu畛 畉o 3. 叩nh gi叩 L畛ch s畛 ph叩t tri畛n C董 s畛 l箪 thuy畉t
Gi畛i thi畛uM叩y gia t畛c TANDEM 4 1
1. Gi畛i thi畛u L畛ch s畛 ph叩t tri畛n Nh畛ng nm 畉u th畉 k畛 XX, Rutherford nh畉n th畉y nhu c畉u s畛 d畛ng nng l動畛ng cao 畛 nghi棚n c畛u v畛 h畉t nh但n. Nm 1928, Cockcroft v Walton 動畛c khuy畉n kh鱈ch b畛i Rutherford ch畉 t畉o m叩y ph叩t i畛n 800 kV. M達i 畉n 1932, Cockcroft v Walton ch畉 t畉o thnh c担ng m叩y 700kV t畛 坦 ph但n t叩ch nguy棚n t畛 lithium v畛i proton 400 keV, h畛 nh畉n gi畉i th動畛ng Nobel nm 1951. C湛ng th畛i i畛m 坦 nm 1929, R. J. Van de Graaff 畛c l畉p nghi棚n c畛u m叩y ph叩t t挑nh i畛n d湛ng cho nghi棚n c畛u v畉t l鱈 h畉t nh但n. B畉ng vi畛c s畛 d畛ng m畛t c董 ch畉 董n gi畉n, gia t畛c cho h畉t t鱈ch i畛n b畉ng m畛t 畛ng d畉n v畛i hai 畉u 動畛c t鱈ch i畛n b畛i m畛t cao th畉 t挑nh, Van de Graaff l ng動畛i ti棚n phong trong vi畛c t畉o ra m叩y gia t畛c t挑nh i畛n 5 H.1 M叩y gia t畛c Westinghouse_Van_de_Graaff
1. Gi畛i thi畛u C董 s畛 l箪 thuy畉t Khi h畉t mang i畛n 動畛c th畉 t畛 do trong i畛n tr動畛ng 畛u th狸 d動畛i t叩c d畛ng c畛a l畛c i畛n, h畉t mang i畛n chuy畛n 畛ng song song v畛i 動畛ng s畛c i畛n. N畉u h畉t mang i畛n t鱈ch q>0, h畉t chuy畛n 畛ng c湛ng chi畛u i畛n tr動畛ng N畉u h畉t mang i畛n t鱈ch q<0, h畉t chuy畛n 畛ng ng動畛c chi畛u i畛n tr動畛ng = Trong 坦: l l畛c i畛n tr動畛ng t叩c d畛ng l棚n h畉t mang i畛n l i畛n t鱈ch c畛a h畉t l c動畛ng 畛 i畛n tr動畛ng ( = ) 6
PHN TCH, TNH TON S董 畛 nguy棚n l箪, l畉p ph動董ng tr狸nh qu畛 畉o 7 2
2. Ph但n t鱈ch, t鱈nh to叩n S董 畛 nguy棚n l箪 8H.2 S董 畛 nguy棚n l箪 m叩y gia t畛c TANDEM
2. Ph但n t鱈ch, t鱈nh to叩n S董 畛 nguy棚n l箪 9 H.3 Minh h畛a h畛 th畛ng stripper trong m叩y gia t畛c TANDEM H.4 M担 h狸nh h畛 th畛ng 畛n 畛nh c畛a m叩y gia t畛c TANDEM
2. Ph但n t鱈ch, t鱈nh to叩n S董 畛 nguy棚n l箪 10H.5 Minh h畛a hai v湛ng nng l動畛ng c畛a m叩y gia t畛c v 動畛ng i ch湛m h畉t
2. Ph但n t鱈ch, t鱈nh to叩n S董 畛 th畉u k鱈nh 11 Type Object Requirements/comments (1) Mid-column lens Zero Variable lens located in LE column (2) Gap lens Short Used in many single-stage accelerators (3) Constant gradient Short Parts of tube and column shorted (4) Constant Q Medium Injection energy varied to match (5) Gridded lens Medium Wire mesh grid on LE tube entrance (6) Divergent lens Medium Requires grid in strong lens (7) Step gradients Medium Gradient increased with energy (8) Upstream lens(es) Variable Limited range of good matching (9) Three-stage Long Ion source in injector terminal B畉ng 1: C叩c d畉ng th畉u k鱈nh s畛 d畛ng trong m叩y gia t畛c TANDEM (English)
S董 畛 th畉u k鱈nh 12 Type Object Requirements/comments (1) Mid-column lens Zero Variable lens located in LE column (2) Gap lens Short Used in many single-stage accelerators (3) Constant gradient Short Parts of tube and column shorted (4) Constant Q Medium Injection energy varied to match (5) Gridded lens Medium Wire mesh grid on LE tube entrance (6) Divergent lens Medium Requires grid in strong lens (7) Step gradients Medium Gradient increased with energy (8) Upstream lens(es) Variable Limited range of good matching (9) Three-stage Long Ion source in injector terminal Schematic representation of tandem injection procedures: (a) cross-over near unmodified entrance aperture; (b) gridded entrance and external gap lens; (c) gridded entrance with internal gradient change; (d) auxiliary lens within low-energy stage; (e) injection at high energy. H.6 C叩c h畛 th畉u k鱈nh trong v湛ng nng l動畛ng th畉p c畛a m叩y gia t畛c TANDEM
2. Ph但n t鱈ch, t鱈nh to叩n Ph動董ng tr狸nh qu畛 畉o 13 Qu畛 畉o theo tr畛c d畛c z(t) c畛a h畉t ion sau stripper foil c畛a m叩y gia t畛c tandem c坦 th畛 x畉p x畛 b畛i m畛t h畛 s畛 gia t畛c a 畛 c湛ng h動畛ng c畛a c畛a v畉n t畛c ban 畉u vo, m担 t畉 b畛i () = 2 2 + Trong 坦 = 2＄/ l v畉n t畛c phi t動董ng 畛i t鱈nh c畛a ch湛m ion t畉i tripper foil, t畉i terminal c畛a m叩y gia t畛c tandem 畛 i畛n th畉 ＄ v畛i ion c坦 i畛n t鱈ch v kh畛i l動畛ng . H畛 s畛 gia t畛c 動畛c 畛nh ngh挑a b畉ng: = ＄ . = 2 2 v畛i l 畛 di c畛a 畛ng gia t畛c c畛a v湛ng nng l動畛ng cao.
2. Ph但n t鱈ch, t鱈nh to叩n Ph動董ng tr狸nh qu畛 畉o 14 Qu畛 畉o tr畛c ngang x(t), y(t) 動畛c vi畉t l x(t)=vxt, y(t)=vyt v畛i gi畉 畛nh l v畉n t畛c ngang vxy l h畉ng s畛 (kh担ng c坦 i畛n tr動畛ng theo ph動董ng ngang Ex=Ey=0) trong su畛t qu叩 tr狸nh gia t畛c. Tri畛t ti棚u bi畉n th畛i gian t, ta c坦 () = 2 1 + 1 () = 2 1 + 1 G坦c i ra m叩y gia t畛c 動畛c t鱈nh nh動 sau: ＄, = () = 1 + 1 2 ＄, = () = 1 + 1 2
NH GI D畛a tr棚n bi to叩n c畛 th畛 15
3. 叩nh gi叩 16 H.7 S董 畛 m叩y gia t畛c TANDEM MUNICH H.8 M担 ph畛ng 動畛ng i ch湛m h畉t trong m叩y TANDEM MUNICH
3. 叩nh gi叩 17 ＄ = 基,. ＄ = 基,. 基, = 倹, 倹, , 倹, 基, = 倹, 倹, , 倹, Xem v湛ng nng l動畛ng th畉p nh動 m畛t th畉u k鱈nh h畛i t畛, ta c坦 ma tr畉n d畛ch chuy畛n: p d畛ng cho bi to叩n: Ein = 200 keV Eter = 10 MeV ,＄ , = 署, = 0.16 ＄ = , = 0.88 ,＄ , = 署, = 0.13 ＄ = , = 1.09 = ; =
3. 叩nh gi叩 18 M畛t c叩ch 董n gi畉n, nng l動畛ng h畉t nh畉n 動畛c khi qua m叩y gia t畛c tandem: + 1 ＄ (eV) Khi ion nng l動畛ng cao i qua stripper, i畛n t鱈ch q c畛a h畉t c坦 th畛 cao khi畉n nng l動畛ng cu畛i c畛a ion c坦 th畛 l棚n t畛i h畉ng trm MeV B畉ng c叩ch hi畛u ch畛nh h畛 th畉u k鱈nh, c坦 th畛 i畛u khi畛n qu畛 畉o ch湛m h畉t c坦 動畛c t畛 m叩y gia t畛c
TI LI畛U THAM KH畉O J. D. Larson, New developments in beam transport through tandem accelerator, Nuclear Instruments and Methods 122 (1974) 53-63 M. Moser, C. Greubel, W. Carli, K. Peeper, P. Reichart, B. Urban, T. Vallentin, G. Dollinger, Transport of a high brightness proton beam through the Munich tandem Accelerator, 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. R. Hellborg (Ed.), Electrostatic Accelerators, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 19
Ch但n thnh c畉m 董n th畉y v c叩c b畉n 達 ch炭 箪 l畉ng nghe 2020

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Nhom7 mgttandem-share

  • 1. B叩o c叩o m担n h畛c: MY GIA T畛C THE ELECTROSTATIC ACCELERATOR TANDEM Chi棚u D動董ng Thanh i畛m Quy T但m B叩ch Th畉ng
  • 2. Nhu c畉u nghi棚n c畛u th炭c 畉y s畛 ph叩t tri畛n c畛a m叩y gia t畛c 2
  • 3. N畛i dung 3 1. Gi畛i thi畛u 2. Ph但n t鱈ch, t鱈nh to叩n S董 畛 nguy棚n l箪 C畉u tr炭c quang h畛c H畛 th畉u k鱈nh Ph動董ng tr狸nh qu畛 畉o 3. 叩nh gi叩 L畛ch s畛 ph叩t tri畛n C董 s畛 l箪 thuy畉t
  • 4. Gi畛i thi畛uM叩y gia t畛c TANDEM 4 1
  • 5. 1. Gi畛i thi畛u L畛ch s畛 ph叩t tri畛n Nh畛ng nm 畉u th畉 k畛 XX, Rutherford nh畉n th畉y nhu c畉u s畛 d畛ng nng l動畛ng cao 畛 nghi棚n c畛u v畛 h畉t nh但n. Nm 1928, Cockcroft v Walton 動畛c khuy畉n kh鱈ch b畛i Rutherford ch畉 t畉o m叩y ph叩t i畛n 800 kV. M達i 畉n 1932, Cockcroft v Walton ch畉 t畉o thnh c担ng m叩y 700kV t畛 坦 ph但n t叩ch nguy棚n t畛 lithium v畛i proton 400 keV, h畛 nh畉n gi畉i th動畛ng Nobel nm 1951. C湛ng th畛i i畛m 坦 nm 1929, R. J. Van de Graaff 畛c l畉p nghi棚n c畛u m叩y ph叩t t挑nh i畛n d湛ng cho nghi棚n c畛u v畉t l鱈 h畉t nh但n. B畉ng vi畛c s畛 d畛ng m畛t c董 ch畉 董n gi畉n, gia t畛c cho h畉t t鱈ch i畛n b畉ng m畛t 畛ng d畉n v畛i hai 畉u 動畛c t鱈ch i畛n b畛i m畛t cao th畉 t挑nh, Van de Graaff l ng動畛i ti棚n phong trong vi畛c t畉o ra m叩y gia t畛c t挑nh i畛n 5 H.1 M叩y gia t畛c Westinghouse_Van_de_Graaff
  • 6. 1. Gi畛i thi畛u C董 s畛 l箪 thuy畉t Khi h畉t mang i畛n 動畛c th畉 t畛 do trong i畛n tr動畛ng 畛u th狸 d動畛i t叩c d畛ng c畛a l畛c i畛n, h畉t mang i畛n chuy畛n 畛ng song song v畛i 動畛ng s畛c i畛n. N畉u h畉t mang i畛n t鱈ch q>0, h畉t chuy畛n 畛ng c湛ng chi畛u i畛n tr動畛ng N畉u h畉t mang i畛n t鱈ch q<0, h畉t chuy畛n 畛ng ng動畛c chi畛u i畛n tr動畛ng = Trong 坦: l l畛c i畛n tr動畛ng t叩c d畛ng l棚n h畉t mang i畛n l i畛n t鱈ch c畛a h畉t l c動畛ng 畛 i畛n tr動畛ng ( = ) 6
  • 7. PHN TCH, TNH TON S董 畛 nguy棚n l箪, l畉p ph動董ng tr狸nh qu畛 畉o 7 2
  • 8. 2. Ph但n t鱈ch, t鱈nh to叩n S董 畛 nguy棚n l箪 8H.2 S董 畛 nguy棚n l箪 m叩y gia t畛c TANDEM
  • 9. 2. Ph但n t鱈ch, t鱈nh to叩n S董 畛 nguy棚n l箪 9 H.3 Minh h畛a h畛 th畛ng stripper trong m叩y gia t畛c TANDEM H.4 M担 h狸nh h畛 th畛ng 畛n 畛nh c畛a m叩y gia t畛c TANDEM
  • 10. 2. Ph但n t鱈ch, t鱈nh to叩n S董 畛 nguy棚n l箪 10H.5 Minh h畛a hai v湛ng nng l動畛ng c畛a m叩y gia t畛c v 動畛ng i ch湛m h畉t
  • 11. 2. Ph但n t鱈ch, t鱈nh to叩n S董 畛 th畉u k鱈nh 11 Type Object Requirements/comments (1) Mid-column lens Zero Variable lens located in LE column (2) Gap lens Short Used in many single-stage accelerators (3) Constant gradient Short Parts of tube and column shorted (4) Constant Q Medium Injection energy varied to match (5) Gridded lens Medium Wire mesh grid on LE tube entrance (6) Divergent lens Medium Requires grid in strong lens (7) Step gradients Medium Gradient increased with energy (8) Upstream lens(es) Variable Limited range of good matching (9) Three-stage Long Ion source in injector terminal B畉ng 1: C叩c d畉ng th畉u k鱈nh s畛 d畛ng trong m叩y gia t畛c TANDEM (English)
  • 12. S董 畛 th畉u k鱈nh 12 Type Object Requirements/comments (1) Mid-column lens Zero Variable lens located in LE column (2) Gap lens Short Used in many single-stage accelerators (3) Constant gradient Short Parts of tube and column shorted (4) Constant Q Medium Injection energy varied to match (5) Gridded lens Medium Wire mesh grid on LE tube entrance (6) Divergent lens Medium Requires grid in strong lens (7) Step gradients Medium Gradient increased with energy (8) Upstream lens(es) Variable Limited range of good matching (9) Three-stage Long Ion source in injector terminal Schematic representation of tandem injection procedures: (a) cross-over near unmodified entrance aperture; (b) gridded entrance and external gap lens; (c) gridded entrance with internal gradient change; (d) auxiliary lens within low-energy stage; (e) injection at high energy. H.6 C叩c h畛 th畉u k鱈nh trong v湛ng nng l動畛ng th畉p c畛a m叩y gia t畛c TANDEM
  • 13. 2. Ph但n t鱈ch, t鱈nh to叩n Ph動董ng tr狸nh qu畛 畉o 13 Qu畛 畉o theo tr畛c d畛c z(t) c畛a h畉t ion sau stripper foil c畛a m叩y gia t畛c tandem c坦 th畛 x畉p x畛 b畛i m畛t h畛 s畛 gia t畛c a 畛 c湛ng h動畛ng c畛a c畛a v畉n t畛c ban 畉u vo, m担 t畉 b畛i () = 2 2 + Trong 坦 = 2＄/ l v畉n t畛c phi t動董ng 畛i t鱈nh c畛a ch湛m ion t畉i tripper foil, t畉i terminal c畛a m叩y gia t畛c tandem 畛 i畛n th畉 ＄ v畛i ion c坦 i畛n t鱈ch v kh畛i l動畛ng . H畛 s畛 gia t畛c 動畛c 畛nh ngh挑a b畉ng: = ＄ . = 2 2 v畛i l 畛 di c畛a 畛ng gia t畛c c畛a v湛ng nng l動畛ng cao.
  • 14. 2. Ph但n t鱈ch, t鱈nh to叩n Ph動董ng tr狸nh qu畛 畉o 14 Qu畛 畉o tr畛c ngang x(t), y(t) 動畛c vi畉t l x(t)=vxt, y(t)=vyt v畛i gi畉 畛nh l v畉n t畛c ngang vxy l h畉ng s畛 (kh担ng c坦 i畛n tr動畛ng theo ph動董ng ngang Ex=Ey=0) trong su畛t qu叩 tr狸nh gia t畛c. Tri畛t ti棚u bi畉n th畛i gian t, ta c坦 () = 2 1 + 1 () = 2 1 + 1 G坦c i ra m叩y gia t畛c 動畛c t鱈nh nh動 sau: ＄, = () = 1 + 1 2 ＄, = () = 1 + 1 2
  • 15. NH GI D畛a tr棚n bi to叩n c畛 th畛 15
  • 16. 3. 叩nh gi叩 16 H.7 S董 畛 m叩y gia t畛c TANDEM MUNICH H.8 M担 ph畛ng 動畛ng i ch湛m h畉t trong m叩y TANDEM MUNICH
  • 17. 3. 叩nh gi叩 17 ＄ = 基,. ＄ = 基,. 基, = 倹, 倹, , 倹, 基, = 倹, 倹, , 倹, Xem v湛ng nng l動畛ng th畉p nh動 m畛t th畉u k鱈nh h畛i t畛, ta c坦 ma tr畉n d畛ch chuy畛n: p d畛ng cho bi to叩n: Ein = 200 keV Eter = 10 MeV ,＄ , = 署, = 0.16 ＄ = , = 0.88 ,＄ , = 署, = 0.13 ＄ = , = 1.09 = ; =
  • 18. 3. 叩nh gi叩 18 M畛t c叩ch 董n gi畉n, nng l動畛ng h畉t nh畉n 動畛c khi qua m叩y gia t畛c tandem: + 1 ＄ (eV) Khi ion nng l動畛ng cao i qua stripper, i畛n t鱈ch q c畛a h畉t c坦 th畛 cao khi畉n nng l動畛ng cu畛i c畛a ion c坦 th畛 l棚n t畛i h畉ng trm MeV B畉ng c叩ch hi畛u ch畛nh h畛 th畉u k鱈nh, c坦 th畛 i畛u khi畛n qu畛 畉o ch湛m h畉t c坦 動畛c t畛 m叩y gia t畛c
  • 19. TI LI畛U THAM KH畉O J. D. Larson, New developments in beam transport through tandem accelerator, Nuclear Instruments and Methods 122 (1974) 53-63 M. Moser, C. Greubel, W. Carli, K. Peeper, P. Reichart, B. Urban, T. Vallentin, G. Dollinger, Transport of a high brightness proton beam through the Munich tandem Accelerator, 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. R. Hellborg (Ed.), Electrostatic Accelerators, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 19
  • 20. Ch但n thnh c畉m 董n th畉y v c叩c b畉n 達 ch炭 箪 l畉ng nghe 2020

Editor's Notes

  1. VSB#1 and VSB#2, located at the injection, the ion beam is defined. The two apertures define the geometric injection divergence hin 村 rangle=d, with rangle as the radius of VSB#1 and d as the distance of the both apertures, and the radius rin of VSB#2 in the focus of the beam. The acceleration system consists of 4 tubes which are fully inclined in y-direction. There are two steerers in y-direction in front of the accelerator that adjust the injection angle to the inclined-field tubes. The following grid lens focuses the beam onto the stripper foil in the terminal. The first tube (1) has a length of 96 inch with 19 half and 76 full resistors. The following 3 tubes (24) are of the same type with a length of 88 inch and 88 resistors each. The tubes are separated by 3 dead sections with a length of 8 inch
  2. VSB#1 and VSB#2, located at the injection, the ion beam is defined. The two apertures define the geometric injection divergence hin 村 rangle=d, with rangle as the radius of VSB#1 and d as the distance of the both apertures, and the radius rin of VSB#2 in the focus of the beam. The acceleration system consists of 4 tubes which are fully inclined in y-direction. There are two steerers in y-direction in front of the accelerator that adjust the injection angle to the inclined-field tubes. The following grid lens focuses the beam onto the stripper foil in the terminal. The first tube (1) has a length of 96 inch with 19 half and 76 full resistors. The following 3 tubes (24) are of the same type with a length of 88 inch and 88 resistors each. The tubes are separated by 3 dead sections with a length of 8 inch