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Shutter speeds and apertures for tes

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Ian Moss
Ian Moss

This document provides an introduction to digital photography, including the relationships between shutter speed, aperture, exposure, camera shake, motion freezing, depth of field, and f-stop. It explains that different combinations of shutter speed and aperture can produce the same exposure. Moving to the left on the charts allows more light in and more depth of field, while moving to the right allows less light in and less depth of field. The f-stop of a lens is calculated based on its focal length and internal diameter.

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Introduction to Digital Photography www.gcsephotography.co.uk Each of the combinations of shutter speed and aperture below will give the same exposure. Choice of combination will depend on what you are trying to achieve in your photograph! As we move to the left, there is more chance of ‘camera shake’. Always try to use a shutter speed greater than the fo- cal length of your lens if the camera is unsupported. (eg 60 for a 50mm lens.) As we move to the right, there is less chance of ‘camera shake’. A higher shutter speed will freeze motion. As we move to the right, each ‘stop’ lets in half the light. (Remember the number is a fraction of a second (eg 60 equals 1/60th of a second. 4 8 15 30 60 125 250 500 1000 2000 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1 As we move to the left, each ‘stop’ lets in half the light. (Remember the number comes from multiplying by the square As we move to the left, each ‘stop’ gives us more Depth of Field—an increase in the amount of the photo that appears to be in focus. As we move to the right, each ‘stop’ gives us less Depth of Field—a decrease in the amount of the photo that appears to be in focus. The ‘f stop’ of a lens is calculated as the focal length divided by the internal diameter. (eg a 50mm lens with an internal diameter of 25mm will be f2. Although it seems complicated at first, this means that the ‘f stop’ doesn’t change if you changes lens’. (f8 is always f8—on every lens). 1

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Shutter speeds and apertures for tes

  • 1. Introduction to Digital Photography www.gcsephotography.co.uk Each of the combinations of shutter speed and aperture below will give the same exposure. Choice of combination will depend on what you are trying to achieve in your photograph! As we move to the left, there is more chance of ‘camera shake’. Always try to use a shutter speed greater than the fo- cal length of your lens if the camera is unsupported. (eg 60 for a 50mm lens.) As we move to the right, there is less chance of ‘camera shake’. A higher shutter speed will freeze motion. As we move to the right, each ‘stop’ lets in half the light. (Remember the number is a fraction of a second (eg 60 equals 1/60th of a second. 4 8 15 30 60 125 250 500 1000 2000 22 16 11 8 5.6 4 2.8 2 1.4 1 As we move to the left, each ‘stop’ lets in half the light. (Remember the number comes from multiplying by the square As we move to the left, each ‘stop’ gives us more Depth of Field—an increase in the amount of the photo that appears to be in focus. As we move to the right, each ‘stop’ gives us less Depth of Field—a decrease in the amount of the photo that appears to be in focus. The ‘f stop’ of a lens is calculated as the focal length divided by the internal diameter. (eg a 50mm lens with an internal diameter of 25mm will be f2. Although it seems complicated at first, this means that the ‘f stop’ doesn’t change if you changes lens’. (f8 is always f8—on every lens). 1