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bone cell division might take part in the disease initiation. lately and overextended borders of appliances. fibroma class 8th cell structure rb gene tp53 gene class 8th sustainability functions of cells normal cell elliptical epithelial cells are recognized as swol oral osteoclasts osteoblasts bone cells clinical features definition ostocytes osteocytes bony tissue woven bone immature bone cancellous cortical marrow endochondral intramembranous ossification transforming growth factor beta pathway apc-b-catenin pathways tricks oral mucous membrane oral mucous membrane oral mucosa keratinized keratinization age changes non keratinization non keratinized specialised hard palate gingiva tongue taste buds lips vermilion zone of lips it has been a global health problem. tb has shown however it is still highly prevalent in asian countries. in the ancient literature tb has been described as kshay rog phthisis king's evil and white plague. in the ayurveda the treatment of tb has been described as spending which became the cornerstone of sanatorium treatme a number of other antitubercular drugs such as thiacetazone para- aminosalicylic acid pyrazinamide and rifampicin were discovered. with the extensive use of these the problem of tb has been controlled to a large e at least in the developed countries. however the resurgence of tb was also observed in the deve it is the most common malignant epithelial tissue as oscc grows it invades the surrounding tissue and metastasizes vermilion border prostaglandins estrogen long short therapeutic considerationshormones junctional epithelium it is a highly specialized e squamous non-keratinizing epithelium comprising two layers: & the cells align themselves in a plane parallel t the unique feature of this epithelium is that it e as in any other epithelium. internal basal lamina: internal basal lamina. the internal basal lamina i introduction structure origin functional specifi it is the consumption of tobacco & alcohol. altho they have a synergistic effect & greatly increase the use of smokeless tobacco products such as gutk pan masala & betel quid is responsible for a consi introduction risk factors staging & prognosis ther it includes: viral etiopathogenesis in oral cancer it includes: theory of field cancerization oncogen current effects 8th class current effects electric effects non renewable resources renewable resources human resources class 8th resources renewable and non renewable resources non renewable famous people famous personality personality famous class 8th famous personalities sashi reddy ajay bhatt vinod dham dr.sam pitroda 7 wonders of the world wonders space dentistry nasa dentistry dental emergency local anesthesia la mechanism mechanism of la management medically compromised children management of medically compromised children patients management oral lichen planus lichen planus cell cell structure cell structure and its function structure of cell electric current and its effects electric current world of wonders prokaryotes epidermis/embryology epidermis/ultrastructure human skin keratins mechanoreceptors merkel cell mucosa nerve endings/ultrastructure apc gene tgf beta pathway inhibitors cdks cyclins signals insensitivity growth inhibitors activators alterations antiproliferation seven wonders of world friction friction a necessary evil types of force class 8th friction cell cycle mitosis genes g phase phases cell differentiation anaphase metaphase prophase cytokinesis telophase role in tumor formation interphase eukaryotes tuberculosis is a disease characterized by granulo fnac is a preliminary diagnostic procedure for wid faster easy to perform and cost effective procedure. it romanowsky and pap have been used for staining the romanowsky staining or romanowsky鈥揼iemsa staining is a prototypical staining technique widely used in hematology and cytopathology. they especially blood and bone marrow films and to detect parasites such as malaria within the allowing cellular components to be easily differen or more generally as metachromasia. these stains nuclear size cell cytoplasm and identify ground substances by m cytoskeleton of a cell is made up of microfilament microtubules and intermediate filaments. keratins there are a number of disorders which are seen bec structure functions the stains used for the demonstration of keratin a pathology behind abnormal keratin formation and va each keratin is characterized by a chain of amino studies prove an intricate functional relationship the nature of ghost cells was described by various prekeratin stages in the process of ortho- para- and aberrant keratin formation abnormal/aberrant keratinization highly keratinized epithelial cells and cells whic these translucent balloon shaped pale eosinophilic cells. they are seen either singly generally with apparent clear areas or with some r odontomas dentinogenic ghost cell tumors dentinoge which rarely reveal ghost cells include ameloblastomas and clear cell odontogenic sedano and pindborg believed that such cells are a the tissue section is colourless because the fixed which have a varying length will determine the colour that is seen. white li 000 芒 to 8 000 芒. if light of a specific wavelength is abso the colour being dependent upon the particular wav saliva salivary glands histology myoepthelial cells pathophysiology of myo peripheral ossifying fibroma ihc staining oral cancer is the world鈥檚 6th vital stain over time more cases were dia mucormycosis fungus fungal bone is a dynamic tissue that fibrous dysplasia pagets disease pagets syphilis is an infectious dise syphillis which may vary in the number and sequence of amino as well as in polarity charge and size (brown 1950 makar et al. 2007). the amino acid sequence of a k a central 伪 - helical rod domain and c-terminal ta and all proteins can self-assemble into filaments. i.e. the head domain (toward the n-terminal of the mole the rod domain in the center and the tail domain. maintain their structural integrity ensure mechanical resilience pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune bullous diseas which is characterized by intraepithelial flaccid but novel intuitions into its pathogenesis have re of which desmogleins 1 and 3 desmocollins and nondesmosome components such as the mitochondrion apoptosis was described as a possible underlying m apoptolysis is assumed to be the association betwe the present review focuses on the current concepts bacteria leukoedema white spongy nevus and obvious frictional keratosis. the term leukopl tobacco: during smoking a significantly large amou these products in association with the heat cause severe irritation to the oral mucous membran and the age and sex of the person concerned. the l for tobacco smokers who do not reduce their habit as many as two thirds of such lesions slowly exten become thicker and acquire a distinctly white appearance. the aff and fissures may deepen and become more numerous. smooth lesions remain indefinitely at this stage. perhaps as many as one third regress or disappear a few become even more severe develop increased surface irregularities diagnosis of oral cancer is completed for: initial and clinical examination is first completed diagnosis cancer staging rules for classification then a wedge of tissue is cut from the suspicious when dealing with large lesions (t3 and t4) or preoperative n-positive neck disease鈥損ositive neck nodes the authors substantially agree in recommending tr there are still many doubts concerning the best wa importance of tumor thickness and depth ofinvasio part of the problem with a 鈥渨ait and see鈥� approach the clinical aspects and preoperative tests are no thus helping to determine the need for additional and can also remove undetectable cancer cells lodg many patients might not need such treatment and furthermore it does have an associated morbidity and may remov mandibular central incisors are two in number man fdi system universal system - 24 25 zsigmondy / palmer - 1 1 leukoplakia can be defined as a 鈥渨hite patch鈥� or 鈥� which cannot be scrapped off and which cannot be c candidiasis is reactive in nature and represents a reactive hy histologically the lesion shows a highly vascular proliferation t and may be called as lobular capillary haemangioma plasma cells and lymphocytes is evident. neutrophils are most chronic inflammatory cells are found deeper in the pyogenic granuloma is treated by surgical excision calculus and foreign materials is recommended for small pai mineralization (calcification) is the process of d dentin and cementum. the synthetic cells along with the help of the enzyme alkaline phospha aid the mineralization process. the mineral conten ca10(po4)6(oh)2. when calcium phosphate depositi the crux is then to control spontaneous precipitat cementum and bone matrix proteins. contents 飪� hard tissues 飪� mineralization 飪� epita the transformation of epithelial cells into more r with the first biopsy the pathologist will provide a tissue diagnosis and classify the cell structure. they may add addi and treatment planning such as the mitotic rate the depth of invasion and the hpv status of the tissue. after the tissue other tests will be completed to: better assess th the surgeon cuts all or a piece of the tissue to have it examined under a microscope by a pathol it is also called oral fibroma or irritational fib most of these are reactive lesions occurring as a although a large number of fibrous over-growths ar foreign bodies overhanging margins restorations margins of caries chronic biting sharp spicules of bones a benign neoplasm of fibroblastic origin ghost cells are responsible for the banal behavior