Marx Introduction
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This document provides an overview of different perspectives on studying Marx and his teachings. It identifies three main motivations for reading Marx: from the left seeking to uphold or revise Marxism; from the center to objectively analyze Marx's strengths and weaknesses; and from the right to understand and refute communist philosophy. The document cautions readers to engage directly with Marx's original writings and arguments rather than interpretations by others.
![Justice & Power
session xi
Marx
Marxism is in the words of Bertrand Russell, ¡°the last great system that was produced by the
nineteenth century.¡± (Wisdom, p. 273) For more than one third of humanity [in 1977] it remains
as the established religion employed by their governments to justify all policies. The epigoni
[lesser imitators, Gk.] of Marx took his ¡°critique of everyday life¡± and tried to expand it into a
megasystem of thought, a synthesis of philosophy, history, science, and futurology. Today¡¯s
¡°socialist camp¡± has many campsites, and the relations between Marx¡¯s heirs are notoriously
strained. What can explain the influence which Marx continues to exert almost a century after his
death?
¡°The teaching of Marx is all-powerful because it is true,¡± wrote V.I. Lenin in an introduction
in 1913. Such a bald assertion today carries less conviction in countries where Marxism does not
occupy a privileged position. The legacy of the Cold War has led most Americans to an equally
dogmatic position---the teaching of Marx has much power in spite of the fact that it is false. If so,
why? People today who are undeniably not agents of the Kremlin persist in studying his writings.
There are several possible reasons why a person might carefully read Marx and the mountain
of commentary which threatens to bury him. Following the notation which began during the
French Revolution, these motives can be styled Left, Center, and Right.
Leftist students of Marx have been divided since Lenin¡¯s time into Orthodox and Revisionist.
The orthodox tend to idealize the teachings into a complete and infallible body of knowledge and
methodology. Revisionists are admiring and sympathetic but feel free to revise Marx, to adjust
him in the light of later events and new scientific theories. These positions are subdivided into
many ¡°schools:¡± Trotskyite, Maoist, Marcusians, too many by far to enumerate. All claim to be
the true heirs of Marx¡¯s corpus.
Centrists study Marx because of his significance. They are not committed either to vindicate
him or excoriate his followers. They strive to discover objectively his strengths and weaknesses
both as an historian and as a futurist. This may be a good point at which to warn you that
centrists tend to be despised by the partisans of both Left and Right.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/marxintro-130308173015-phpapp01/85/Marx-Introduction-1-320.jpg)
Marx Introduction
- 1. Justice & Power session xi Marx Marxism is in the words of Bertrand Russell, ¡°the last great system that was produced by the nineteenth century.¡± (Wisdom, p. 273) For more than one third of humanity [in 1977] it remains as the established religion employed by their governments to justify all policies. The epigoni [lesser imitators, Gk.] of Marx took his ¡°critique of everyday life¡± and tried to expand it into a megasystem of thought, a synthesis of philosophy, history, science, and futurology. Today¡¯s ¡°socialist camp¡± has many campsites, and the relations between Marx¡¯s heirs are notoriously strained. What can explain the influence which Marx continues to exert almost a century after his death? ¡°The teaching of Marx is all-powerful because it is true,¡± wrote V.I. Lenin in an introduction in 1913. Such a bald assertion today carries less conviction in countries where Marxism does not occupy a privileged position. The legacy of the Cold War has led most Americans to an equally dogmatic position---the teaching of Marx has much power in spite of the fact that it is false. If so, why? People today who are undeniably not agents of the Kremlin persist in studying his writings. There are several possible reasons why a person might carefully read Marx and the mountain of commentary which threatens to bury him. Following the notation which began during the French Revolution, these motives can be styled Left, Center, and Right. Leftist students of Marx have been divided since Lenin¡¯s time into Orthodox and Revisionist. The orthodox tend to idealize the teachings into a complete and infallible body of knowledge and methodology. Revisionists are admiring and sympathetic but feel free to revise Marx, to adjust him in the light of later events and new scientific theories. These positions are subdivided into many ¡°schools:¡± Trotskyite, Maoist, Marcusians, too many by far to enumerate. All claim to be the true heirs of Marx¡¯s corpus. Centrists study Marx because of his significance. They are not committed either to vindicate him or excoriate his followers. They strive to discover objectively his strengths and weaknesses both as an historian and as a futurist. This may be a good point at which to warn you that centrists tend to be despised by the partisans of both Left and Right.
- 2. Rightist students of Marx are operating under the ancient maxim of ¡°know the enemy.¡±. They also need to demonstrate to themselves and others the inherent falseness of communist philosophy. Marxism is in their hands like the bull entering the arena; the series of capework and wounds cannot be predicted, but there is hardly any doubt about the ultimate outcome of the contest. Whatever your initial starting point, if you read Marx attentively, you will profit from it. He has unusual gifts of rhetoric and invective. The champion of ¡°scientific materialism¡± often invokes the imagery of Israel¡¯s prophets. Re-read Amos and Jeremiah. Struggle to follow the arguments and not be merely ¡°transported by the passions.¡± A final word of caution. Try to discover Marx. Put aside fr a moment what his epigoni say he said, or what men have later done in his name. Otherwise you are wrestling with a creature who never was. Jim Powers, Justice & Power; A Primer in Political Philosophy. 1977, p. 39