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Collective Behavior
and Social Movements

Collective Behavior
and Social Movements
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Definition
Characteristics
Conditions
Factors
Theories
Crowds
Types of Crowds
Mass
Types of Mass Behavior
Social Movements
Types of Social Movements

Collective Behavior:
Definition
? Voluntary, often
spontaneous activity
that is engaged in by a
large number of people

Characteristics
? Represent the actions
of groups of people, not
individuals
? Exhibit patterned
behavior that are
usually highly emotional
? Often associated with
effort to achieve social
change

Conditions
? Precipitating incidents
? Generalized belief of
what is wrong
? Mobilization

Factors
? Feeling of normlessness
? Breakdown of social
control
? Timing

Theories
? Emergent Norm Theory
�C postulates that people
faced with an unusual
situation can direct a
movement
? Value Added Theory
? �C agents of social
control conducive to
collective actions must
be present for collective
behavior to occur

Crowd
? A relatively large
number of people who
are in one another��s
immediate vicinity

Types of Crowd
? Casual Crowd �C people
who happen to be in
the same place at the
same time who share a
momentary interest

Types of Crowd
? Conventional Crowd �C
people who come
together for a
scheduled event sharing
a common focus

Types of Crowd
? Expressive Crowd �C
people releasing similar
emotions

Types of Crowd
? Acting Crowd�C people
who are emotionally
focused erupting into
violent behavior

Types of Crowd
? Protest Crowd �C people
who engage in activities
intended to achieve
political goals, generally
non-violent

Mass
? A number of people
who share a common
interest in a specific
idea or issue, but not in
one another��s vicinity

? Rumors/Gossips �C
unverified information
that thrive in times of
uncertainty

? Public Opinion �C
attitudes/beliefs
communicated by
ordinary citizens to
decision-makers

? Mass Hysteria �C intense,
fearful reaction to a
perceived threat

? Fads/Fashions �C
periodic popularity of
styles

Social Movements:
Definition
? Most organized form of
collective behavior that
acts to promote or
resist change

Social Movements:
Theories
? Resource Mobilization �C
people organize
movements by using
knowledge, skills &
money
? Political Process �C
movements exploit social
structural opportunities
? New Social Movement �C
new forces of identity are
created as people
participate in movements

Social Movements:
Elements
? Precipitating incident
? Pre-existing grievance
? Pre-existing
communication
network
? Ability to mobilize

Social Movements:
Stages
? Preliminary Stage �C
people become aware of
a threatening problem
? Coalescence Stage �C
people begin to organize
and start making the
threat known to the
public
? Institutionalization Stage
�C organizational structure
develops

Social Movements:
Types
? Social Movements �C
seek limited change in
some aspects of
people��s behavior

Social Movements:
Types
? Reform Movements �C
seek to improve society
by changing an aspect
of the social structure

Social Movements:
Types
? Resistance Movements
�C seek to prevent or
undo change that has
already occurred

Social Movements:
Types
? Revolutionary
Movements �C seek to
bring about a total
change in society

Social Movements:
Types
? Religious Movements �C
seek to produce radical
change in individuals by
establishing a
spiritual/religious
system

Collective Behavior &
Social Movements
A Report by Jose Radin
L. Garduque in MAT
Soc. Sci. class of Prof.
Josan Dela Cruz
Borres in Filamer
Christian University,
Roxas City (First
Semester, A.Y. 20132014)

Collective Behavior and Social Movements

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Collective Behavior and Social Movements

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