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The progressive era_(1)

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The Progressive Era from 1890-1915 was a period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States. Reformers worked to address issues like women's suffrage, child labor, prohibition, conservation, and trust-busting. During this time, immigration increased substantially and many immigrants came from Eastern and Southern Europe. Urbanization also grew as documented by Jacob Riis and Lewis Hine, who showed the poor living conditions faced by immigrants and child laborers. Notable progressive leaders included Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and reformers who sought to clean up corrupt machines and humanize big business through efficiency and regulation. A variety of influences shaped the progressive movement, including pragmatism, social gospel teachings, muckraking

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THE PROGRESSIVE ERA 1890-1915
The first modern reform movement Womens suffrage Child labor laws Prohibition Conservation Trust busting Shorter working hours Voting reforms Graduated income tax Social welfare reforms
Change: Immigration After the depression of the 1890s, immigration jumped from a low of 3.5 million in that decade to a high of 9 million in the first decade of the new century. After the 1880s, immigrants increasingly came from Eastern and Southern European countries, Asia, Canada, and Latin America. New Immigration 1880-1920s
Change: Urbanization Reformer Jacob Riis documented poor immigrants in the slums on the lower east side in NYC in How the Other Half Lives
Change: Industrialization Lewis Hine documented poor laborers, especially children, working long hours under harsh conditions.
Other changes T. Roosevelt W. Wilson Technological changes that impact communication/transportation Development of modern social sciences New styles of presidential leadership New role of US as a power in world affairs Great White Fleet 1907
Middle Class Concerns Economic power concentrating in the hands of a few industrialists Rising power of big business Increasing gap between rich and poor Violent conflicts between labor and capital Dominance of corrupt political machines in the cities Minorities: racist, Jim Crow laws in the South Political reform and greater democracy William Boss Tweed
Who were the progressives? Middle class Educated Residents of cities Protestants Optimistic about human nature Women found a public role in reform Ida Tarbell & Florence Kelley
Who were the progressives? Fought for social reform and believed government power could be used to achieve it Believed that cleaning up an environment would improve the people living in it(saloons, movie houses, temperance, prostitution, city beautiful movement) Carry Nation & Lincoln Steffens
Who were the progressives? Feared immigration (Jane Addams an exception) Wanted to humanize big business, not eliminate it Believed in the virtue of efficiency Jane Addams & Frederick Taylor
Influences Susan B. Antony & Elizabeth C. Stanton Horace Mann Reformers (1840s) Populism (1890s) Grimke Sisters W. J. Bryan Mary Lease Dorothea Dix
Influences Pragmatism--practical. From John Dewey and William James. Pragmatists believed that people should take a pragmatic or practical approach to morals, ideals, and knowledge. They should experiment with ideas and laws and test them in action until they found something that seemed to work well for the better ordering of society William James (top), John Dewey (bottom)
Influences Scientific Managementefficiency. From Frederick Taylor. Businesses and governments should organize in the most efficient manner possible. Time and motion studies efficiency
Influences Gladden Rauschenbusch Social GospelChristians have social responsibility (Washington Gladden, Walter Rauschenbusch) Goals of the movement were ending child labor, a weekly day off, a living wage, improved working conditions for women, and religious/moral education for the poor. Because they stressed Gods love for all over damnation, it was known as a church of love.
Influences Professionalismgrowth of professions and professional organizations. American Medical Association American Bar Association American Federation of Teachers
Influences Civic organizations National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Society of American Indians (1911) An 1890 photo of Carlos Montezuma, a member of the Society of American Indians
Influences Presidents Wilson and T. Roosevelt Alice Paul Charismatic leaders/feminists Margaret Sanger Eugene V. Debs W. E. B. DuBois
Influences Ida Tarbell Lincoln Steffens Upton Sinclair Ray S. Baker S. S. McClure David G. Phillips Writers (i.e. Muckrakers)
Influences William Glackens George Bellows Robert Henri John Sloan George Luks Artists (i.e. Ashcan School)
Influences Booker T. Washington & Tuskegee Inst. Niagara Movement
Influences IWW Labor leaders & unions Knights of Labor AF of L American Railway Union S. Gompers E. Debs Bill Haywood

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The progressive era_(1)