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Paper and pulp industry- health hazards

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karthik thuntapuram
karthik thuntapuram

This document discusses the paper and pulp industry. It covers the history of paper making, the current state of the Indian paper industry, the paper making process including wood procurement, pulping, and use of the paper machine. It then outlines various health hazards in the industry, including physical hazards like noise and heat, chemical hazards from substances used in pulping and bleaching, biological hazards, and mechanical hazards. The role of occupational physicians in systematically assessing hazards and conducting health evaluations is also mentioned.

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PAPER AND PULP INDUSTRY DR.T.KARTHIK,AFIH IIPHG,AHMEDABAD
INTRODUCTION INDIAN PAPER INDUSTRY PAPER MAKING HEALTH HAZARDS IN PAPER MAKING ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL PHYSCIAN IN PAPER INDUSTRY QUESTIONS
HISTORY THE WORD PAPER IS DERIVED FROM PAPYROUS[ANCIENT GREEK FOR CYPERUS PAPYROUS PLANT PAPER WAS REPORTEDLY INVENTED IN ANCIENT CHINA DURING THE HAN DYNASTY FIRST PAPER MILL WAS FOUNDED IN SAMARKAND[MODERN DAY UZBEKISTAN] ALONG EUROPE[FRANCE1190,ITALY1276]PAPER MAKING HAD SPREAD TO AMERICA[PHILADELPHIA1690 WITH THE CONQUEST OF SINDH ,THE ARABS BROUGHT PAPER TO INDIA IN 8TH CENTURY,FIRST PAPER MILL IN INDIA STARTED INKASHMIR IN 14TH CENTURY [PAPER ONLINE.ORG/HISTORY]
CHINA IS THE LEADING PRODUCER OF PAPER IN THE WORLD FOLLOWED BY UNITED STATES,JAPAN,GERMANY,CANADA INDIA IS RANKED AMONG THE TOP 15 GLOBAL MANUFACTURERS OF PAPER INDIA SHARES AROUND 1.6% OF TOTAL PAPER PRODUCTION OF WORLD,TOTAL TURNOVER OF AROUND 25,000 CRORES PER YEAR. THE INDUSTRY PROVIDES EMPLOYMENT TO 0.12 MILLION PEOPLE DIRECTLY AND 0.34 PEOPLE INDIRECTLY IN INDIA. INDIA IS AN FASTEST GROWING ECONOMY AND MARKET ,PAPER PRODUCTION IS ESTIMATED TO RISE IN MULTIPLES OVER COMING YEARS .INDIA IS EXPECTED TO TAKE A PLACE IN TOP 10 PAPER MANUFACTURERS BY 2020 INDIAN PAPER INDUSTRY [INDIA.PAPEREX-EXPO.].
WOOD PROCUREMENT 95% PAPER MADE FROM WOOD FIBRES.WOOD IS GROWN IN FORESTS OR IN PLANTATIONS FOR THE PURPOSE OF PAPER MAKING DECIDOUS HARDWOOD TREES-OAK,GUM CONIFEROUS SOFTWOOD TREES-PINE[STRONGER PULP [ILO ENCYLOPEDIA/PAPER INDUSTRY]
DEBARKING AND CHIPPING DEBARKING IS DONE HYDRAULICALLY WITH HIGH PRESSURE WATER OR MECHANICALLY AFTER DEBARKING ,LOGS AT CUT IN SIZES OF 1 TO 6METRES AND SEND TO CHIPPER MACHINES FOR MAKING CHIPS OF DIFFERENT SIZES CHIPS MAY BE PILED AND STORED FOR SEVERAL WKS AS INVENTORY ILO ENCYLOPEDIA/PAPER INDUSRTY
PULPING MECHANICAL- STONE GROUNDWOOD,THERMO- MECHANICAL,CHEMI-MECHANICAL CHEMICAL-SULPHATE ,KRAFT,SULPHITE METHOD SULPHATE PULPING IS MOST WIDELY FOLLOWED ILO ENCYLOPEDIA/PAPER INDUSTRY
Paper and pulp industry- health hazards
Paper and pulp industry- health hazards
PAPER MACHINE NICHOLAS LOUIS ROBERT INVENTED, FOURDRINIER MODIFIED IT WITH A FELT SIDE AND WIRE SIDE THE WIRE CAUSES PAPER FORMATION AT WET END .THE MAT WHICH LEAVES THIS PROCESS HAS 75% WATER PRESSING OF MAT IS DONE IN ROLLERS TO REDUCE WATER CONTENT TO 60%,IT ALSO CAUSES WEB LIKE INTERACTION AMONG FIBRES THEN MAT IS PASSED THROUH DRYING CYLINDERS WHICH REMOVE 55% MOISTURE GIVING THE FINAL PRODUCT WITH 5 WATER. CALENDERING-PROCESS BY WHICH PAPER SURFACE IS IRONED SMOOTH AND THICKNESS REDUCED
Paper and pulp industry- health hazards
HEALTH HAZARDS I. PHYSICAL HAZARDS- NOISE,HEAT,DUST II. CHEMICAL HAZARDS III. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS IV. MECHANICAL HAZARDS
NOISE WOOD DEBARKING,PAPERMACHINE,BOILER RECOVERY NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS NOISE LEVELS AT CHIPPING,PAPER MACHINES WERE NOTED TO BE ABOVE 90dB CISILO/ILOSEARCH/PAPER INDUSTRYHAZARDS
HEAT PULP COOKING,PULPING CHEMICAL RECOVERY,PAPER DRYING INVOLVE HIGH TEMPERATURES TEMPERATURES AROUND PAPER MACHINES WERE RECORDED ABOVE 60 C CAUSING HEAT EXHAUSTION AMONG WORKERS CISILO/ILOSEARCH,PAPERINDUSTRYHAZARDS
WOOD DUST CHIPPING,INTIAL STAGES OF CHIPPING RISK OF OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA IRRITATIVE LUNG DISEASE CARCINOGEN CISILO/ILOSEARCH/PAPERINDUSTRYHAZARDS
CHEMICAL HAZARDS SOLIDS-SODIUM CHOLARATE,SODIUM SULPHATE,LIME,CALCIUM,ASBESTOES LIQUIDS-SODIUM HYDROXIDE,TURPENTINE,SULPHUROUS ACID,AQUEOUS CHLORINE DIOXIDE,BIOCIDES GASES-SULPHUR DIOXIDE,CHLORINE DIOXIDE,OTHER VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BLEACHING,PULPING, SULPHUR DIOXIDE- RESPIRATORY IRRITANT- DEATH DUE TO RESPIRATORY ILLNESS CONTACT DERMATITIS- CALCIUM HYDROXIDE,GLUES,ADDITIVES EYE IRRITANTS- CHLORINE,SULPHUR COMPOUNDS
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS BACTERIA,VIRUSES,FUNGI PARTICULARLY IN PAPER MACHINE,CLOSED LOOP SYSTEMS,TREATMENT PLANTS FOR WASTE WATER AND WATER COOLING SYSTEMS HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS,CHRONIC LUNG SCARING,BAGOSSOSIS
MECHANICAL HAZARDS INJURIES & ACCIDENTS- MOSTLY DUE TO HANDLING OF HEAVY WEIGHTS OF PAPER BALES AND ROLLS CAUGHT BETWEEN ROTATING ROLLS AND EQUIPMENT[NIP POINTS] CRUSH BY FALLING AND TUMBLING OBJECTS OVER EXERTION INJURIES DUE TO REPETITIVE WORK
CANCER IARC- POTENTIAL CARCINOGENS IN PAPER INDUSTRY ASBESTOES-MESOTHELIOMA TALC,BENZIDINE,FORMALDEHYDE,E PICHLOROHYDRIN- POTENTIAL CARCINOGENS WOOD DUST- NASAL CANCER WHO/IARC/PAPERINDUSTRY
ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL PHYSICIAN I. SYSTEMATIC ASSESMENT OF VARIOUS HAZARDS INVOVLED II. PROACTIVE ROLE IN INSPECTION OF VARIOUS PROCESSES III. WELL DESIGNED HEALTH EVALUATION FOR EARLY DETECTION
T-TOGETHER E-EVERYONE A-ACHEIVES M-MORE
Paper and pulp industry- health hazards
DESCRIBE IN DETAIL THE VARIOUS HAZARDS INVOLVED IN PAPER AND PULP INDUSTRY?
1. PULP BLEACHING HEALTH HAZARDS? 2. WOOD DUST- RELATED HEALTH HAZARDS 3. NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS 4. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IN PAPER INDUSTRY
1]PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT [PEL] OF WOOD DUST WITH RESPECT TO RESPIRATORY EXPOSURE IS ..? 2]PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT [PEL] OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE IN WORKPLACE IS ? 3]PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE IS.? 4]KRAFT PROCESS EMPLOYED IN A]CHEMICAL PULPING B]MECHANICAL PULPING C]BLEACHING D] ALL OF THE ABOVE 5]PAPER MACHINE IS KNOWN AS.. 6]FARMERS LUNG IS A TYPE OF A] CHEMICAL PNEUMONITIS B]HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS C]PNEUMONIA D]LUNG CANCER
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Paper and pulp industry- health hazards

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Paper and pulp industry- health hazards

  • 1. PAPER AND PULP INDUSTRY DR.T.KARTHIK,AFIH IIPHG,AHMEDABAD
  • 2. INTRODUCTION INDIAN PAPER INDUSTRY PAPER MAKING HEALTH HAZARDS IN PAPER MAKING ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL PHYSCIAN IN PAPER INDUSTRY QUESTIONS
  • 3. HISTORY THE WORD PAPER IS DERIVED FROM PAPYROUS[ANCIENT GREEK FOR CYPERUS PAPYROUS PLANT PAPER WAS REPORTEDLY INVENTED IN ANCIENT CHINA DURING THE HAN DYNASTY FIRST PAPER MILL WAS FOUNDED IN SAMARKAND[MODERN DAY UZBEKISTAN] ALONG EUROPE[FRANCE1190,ITALY1276]PAPER MAKING HAD SPREAD TO AMERICA[PHILADELPHIA1690 WITH THE CONQUEST OF SINDH ,THE ARABS BROUGHT PAPER TO INDIA IN 8TH CENTURY,FIRST PAPER MILL IN INDIA STARTED INKASHMIR IN 14TH CENTURY [PAPER ONLINE.ORG/HISTORY]
  • 4. CHINA IS THE LEADING PRODUCER OF PAPER IN THE WORLD FOLLOWED BY UNITED STATES,JAPAN,GERMANY,CANADA INDIA IS RANKED AMONG THE TOP 15 GLOBAL MANUFACTURERS OF PAPER INDIA SHARES AROUND 1.6% OF TOTAL PAPER PRODUCTION OF WORLD,TOTAL TURNOVER OF AROUND 25,000 CRORES PER YEAR. THE INDUSTRY PROVIDES EMPLOYMENT TO 0.12 MILLION PEOPLE DIRECTLY AND 0.34 PEOPLE INDIRECTLY IN INDIA. INDIA IS AN FASTEST GROWING ECONOMY AND MARKET ,PAPER PRODUCTION IS ESTIMATED TO RISE IN MULTIPLES OVER COMING YEARS .INDIA IS EXPECTED TO TAKE A PLACE IN TOP 10 PAPER MANUFACTURERS BY 2020 INDIAN PAPER INDUSTRY [INDIA.PAPEREX-EXPO.].
  • 5. WOOD PROCUREMENT 95% PAPER MADE FROM WOOD FIBRES.WOOD IS GROWN IN FORESTS OR IN PLANTATIONS FOR THE PURPOSE OF PAPER MAKING DECIDOUS HARDWOOD TREES-OAK,GUM CONIFEROUS SOFTWOOD TREES-PINE[STRONGER PULP [ILO ENCYLOPEDIA/PAPER INDUSTRY]
  • 6. DEBARKING AND CHIPPING DEBARKING IS DONE HYDRAULICALLY WITH HIGH PRESSURE WATER OR MECHANICALLY AFTER DEBARKING ,LOGS AT CUT IN SIZES OF 1 TO 6METRES AND SEND TO CHIPPER MACHINES FOR MAKING CHIPS OF DIFFERENT SIZES CHIPS MAY BE PILED AND STORED FOR SEVERAL WKS AS INVENTORY ILO ENCYLOPEDIA/PAPER INDUSRTY
  • 10. PAPER MACHINE NICHOLAS LOUIS ROBERT INVENTED, FOURDRINIER MODIFIED IT WITH A FELT SIDE AND WIRE SIDE THE WIRE CAUSES PAPER FORMATION AT WET END .THE MAT WHICH LEAVES THIS PROCESS HAS 75% WATER PRESSING OF MAT IS DONE IN ROLLERS TO REDUCE WATER CONTENT TO 60%,IT ALSO CAUSES WEB LIKE INTERACTION AMONG FIBRES THEN MAT IS PASSED THROUH DRYING CYLINDERS WHICH REMOVE 55% MOISTURE GIVING THE FINAL PRODUCT WITH 5 WATER. CALENDERING-PROCESS BY WHICH PAPER SURFACE IS IRONED SMOOTH AND THICKNESS REDUCED
  • 12. HEALTH HAZARDS I. PHYSICAL HAZARDS- NOISE,HEAT,DUST II. CHEMICAL HAZARDS III. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS IV. MECHANICAL HAZARDS
  • 13. NOISE WOOD DEBARKING,PAPERMACHINE,BOILER RECOVERY NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS NOISE LEVELS AT CHIPPING,PAPER MACHINES WERE NOTED TO BE ABOVE 90dB CISILO/ILOSEARCH/PAPER INDUSTRYHAZARDS
  • 14. HEAT PULP COOKING,PULPING CHEMICAL RECOVERY,PAPER DRYING INVOLVE HIGH TEMPERATURES TEMPERATURES AROUND PAPER MACHINES WERE RECORDED ABOVE 60 C CAUSING HEAT EXHAUSTION AMONG WORKERS CISILO/ILOSEARCH,PAPERINDUSTRYHAZARDS
  • 15. WOOD DUST CHIPPING,INTIAL STAGES OF CHIPPING RISK OF OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA IRRITATIVE LUNG DISEASE CARCINOGEN CISILO/ILOSEARCH/PAPERINDUSTRYHAZARDS
  • 16. CHEMICAL HAZARDS SOLIDS-SODIUM CHOLARATE,SODIUM SULPHATE,LIME,CALCIUM,ASBESTOES LIQUIDS-SODIUM HYDROXIDE,TURPENTINE,SULPHUROUS ACID,AQUEOUS CHLORINE DIOXIDE,BIOCIDES GASES-SULPHUR DIOXIDE,CHLORINE DIOXIDE,OTHER VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BLEACHING,PULPING, SULPHUR DIOXIDE- RESPIRATORY IRRITANT- DEATH DUE TO RESPIRATORY ILLNESS CONTACT DERMATITIS- CALCIUM HYDROXIDE,GLUES,ADDITIVES EYE IRRITANTS- CHLORINE,SULPHUR COMPOUNDS
  • 17. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS BACTERIA,VIRUSES,FUNGI PARTICULARLY IN PAPER MACHINE,CLOSED LOOP SYSTEMS,TREATMENT PLANTS FOR WASTE WATER AND WATER COOLING SYSTEMS HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS,CHRONIC LUNG SCARING,BAGOSSOSIS
  • 18. MECHANICAL HAZARDS INJURIES & ACCIDENTS- MOSTLY DUE TO HANDLING OF HEAVY WEIGHTS OF PAPER BALES AND ROLLS CAUGHT BETWEEN ROTATING ROLLS AND EQUIPMENT[NIP POINTS] CRUSH BY FALLING AND TUMBLING OBJECTS OVER EXERTION INJURIES DUE TO REPETITIVE WORK
  • 19. CANCER IARC- POTENTIAL CARCINOGENS IN PAPER INDUSTRY ASBESTOES-MESOTHELIOMA TALC,BENZIDINE,FORMALDEHYDE,E PICHLOROHYDRIN- POTENTIAL CARCINOGENS WOOD DUST- NASAL CANCER WHO/IARC/PAPERINDUSTRY
  • 20. ROLE OF OCCUPATIONAL PHYSICIAN I. SYSTEMATIC ASSESMENT OF VARIOUS HAZARDS INVOVLED II. PROACTIVE ROLE IN INSPECTION OF VARIOUS PROCESSES III. WELL DESIGNED HEALTH EVALUATION FOR EARLY DETECTION
  • 23. DESCRIBE IN DETAIL THE VARIOUS HAZARDS INVOLVED IN PAPER AND PULP INDUSTRY?
  • 24. 1. PULP BLEACHING HEALTH HAZARDS? 2. WOOD DUST- RELATED HEALTH HAZARDS 3. NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS 4. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH IN PAPER INDUSTRY
  • 25. 1]PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT [PEL] OF WOOD DUST WITH RESPECT TO RESPIRATORY EXPOSURE IS ..? 2]PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT [PEL] OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE IN WORKPLACE IS ? 3]PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE IS.? 4]KRAFT PROCESS EMPLOYED IN A]CHEMICAL PULPING B]MECHANICAL PULPING C]BLEACHING D] ALL OF THE ABOVE 5]PAPER MACHINE IS KNOWN AS.. 6]FARMERS LUNG IS A TYPE OF A] CHEMICAL PNEUMONITIS B]HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS C]PNEUMONIA D]LUNG CANCER
  • 26. 7]
  • 27. 8]
  • 28. 9]
  • 29. 10]