Gatorade was created in 1965 at the University of Florida to help hydrate and replenish electrolytes in Gators football players. It was commercially launched in 1967. Gatorade was acquired by Quaker Oats Company in 1983 and then by PepsiCo in 2001. It has been heavily marketed through celebrity endorsements and commercials since the 1990s. Gatorade is considered a pioneer in the sports drink industry and has become a global cultural phenomenon.
The document discusses different models of banking systems and their implications for payments innovation. It argues that incremental payments innovations are possible within the existing for-profit banking system, but truly disruptive innovations may require alternative banking models. The for-profit system encourages some innovation but is constrained by the profit motive, while public utility and cooperative systems could better serve social goals but may stagnate innovation. Radical banking reform may be needed to enable payments innovations that create broad social benefits.
Todorov's narrative theory outlines a structure for stories with five stages: 1) initial equilibrium, 2) a disruption to that equilibrium via an event, 3) recognition of the disruption, 4) an attempt to repair the damage, and 5) a return to a new equilibrium. The theory is demonstrated through summarizing the plot of The Shining in five sentences, each corresponding to one of the stages. Students are assigned homework to apply the theory by analyzing the structure of a film of their choice in a blog post.