3. 01 INTRODUCTION OF THE DOCUMENT
DOE- Fundamental Handbook Science Material Volume 2 of 2
by USA department of energy Washington (1993)
Analysis
Picking
out NPs
Strategies
STEPS
4. 02 DATA ANALYSIS
Types of NP Appearance
Frequency
Procedures
Calque Literal Transposition Naturalism Equivalence Transference Addition Omissio
n
Paraphrase
HN 66 0 51 8 1 0 0 1 0 5
DET + HN 43 0 30 10 0 0 0 0 1 2
PRE + HN 176 7 96 49 0 2 0 14 7 1
DET + PRE + HN 106 0 59 24 0 2 0 10 10 1
HN + POST 58 0 18 21 0 1 0 8 4 6
DET + HN + POST 112 0 48 10 0 7 0 6 38 3
PRE + HN + POST 52 0 23 11 0 3 0 4 9 1
DET + PRE + HN +
POST
129 0 61 32 0 1 0 10 24 1
TOTAL
PERCENTAGE(%)
741
100
7
0.95
386
52.09
165
22.27
1
0.13
16
2.16
0
0
53
7.15
93
12.55
20
2.70
5. 02 DATA ANALYSIS
01 Literal Translation Method
HN, 13.21%
DET + HN, 7.77%
PRE + HN, 24.87%
DET + PRE + HN, 15.28%
HN + POST, 4.66%
DET + HN + POST,
12.43%
PRE + HN + POST, 8.29%
DET + PRE + HN + POST,
13.49%
Chart 1:
Frequency of
literal procedure
employed
6. 02 DATA ANALYSIS
01 Literal Translation Method
DET + PRE + HN and PRE + HN
No Source language Target language
1 Gamma radiation
PRE + HN
B畛c x畉 gamma
2 A metallic material
DET + PRE + HN
M畛t v畉t li畛u kim lo畉i.
7. 02 DATA ANALYSIS
01 Literal Translation Method
HN and DET + HN
No Noun phrases Target language
1 Hafnium
HN
Hafni
2 These materials
DET + HN
Nh畛ng v畉t li畛u ny
8. 02 DATA ANALYSIS
01 Literal Translation Method
DET + HN + POST and HN + POST
No Noun phrases Target language
1 The disadvantage of lead
DET + HN + POST
Nh動畛c i畛m c畛a ch狸
2 Stability of a material
HN + POST
T鱈nh 畛n 畛nh c畛a m畛t lo畉i v畉t li畛u
9. 02 DATA ANALYSIS
01 Literal Translation Method
DET + PRE + HN + POST and PRE + HN + POST
No Noun phrases Target language
1 A small amount of boron
DET + PRE + HN + POST
M畛t l動畛ng nh畛 Bo
2 Working life of the reactor
PRE + HN + POST
Tu畛i th畛 c畛a l嘆 ph畉n 畛ng
10. 02 DATA ANALYSIS
02 Transposition Translation Method
Chart 2:
Transposition
procedure
HN, 4.84%
DET + HN, 6.06%
PRE + HN, 29.69%
DET + PRE + HN, 14.55%
HN + POST, 12.75%
DET + HN + POST, 6.06%
PRE + HN + POST, 6.70%
DET + PRE + HN + POST,
19.35%
11. 02 DATA ANALYSIS
02 Transposition Translation Method
No Types of NPs Noun phrases Target language
1 PRE + HN Surface protection B畉o v畛 b畛 m畉t
2 HN + POST Interactions near the
nucleus
S畛 t動董ng t叩c g畉n h畉t nh但n
3 DET + PRE + HN + POST A major problem in the
nuclear reactor plant
V畉n 畛 ch鱈nh t畉i nh m叩y ph畉n 畛ng h畉t
nh但n
4 DET + PRE + HN A heavy metal Kim lo畉i n畉ng
12. 02 DATA ANALYSIS
03 Addition Translation Method
Chart 3:
Addition
Procedure
1.88% 0%
Addition Procedure,
26.41%
18.86%
15.10%
11.34%
7.55%
18.86%
HN
DET + HN
PRE + HN
DET + PRE + HN
HN + POST
DET + HN + POST
PRE + HN + POST
DET + PRE + HN + POST
13. 02 DATA ANALYSIS
03 Addition Translation Method
No Types of NPs Noun phrases Target language
1 PRE + HN Mixed oxides of uranium and plutonium are
used in liquid-metal fast breeder reactors
Trong khi 坦 oxit h畛n h畛p gi畛a urani v
plutoni 動畛c s畛 d畛ng trong l嘆 ph畉n 畛ng kim
lo畉i l畛ng t叩i sinh nhanh
2 PRE + HN +
POST
Beryllium is superior to graphite as a
moderator and reflector material but, because
of its high cost and poor mechanical properties,
it has little prospect of being used to any
extent
Berylli t畛t h董n so v畛i graphite trong vi畛c lm
thi畉t b畛 i畛u ti畉t v ph畉n x畉 nh動ng, v狸 chi ph鱈
cao v t鱈nh ch畉t c董 h畛c k辿m, v狸 v畉y kh畉 nng
s畛 d畛ng trong l嘆 ph畉n 畛ng kh担ng h畛 cao
3 DET + PRE +
HN + POST
The alloy zircaloy, whose major constituent is
zirconium, is widely used as the fuel-rod
cladding in water-cooled power reactors
C叩c h畛p kim zircaloy, c坦 thnh ph畉n ch鱈nh l
zirconi, 動畛c s畛 d畛ng r畛ng r達i nh動 v畛 cho
nh畛ng 畛ng nhi棚n li畛u trong l嘆 ph畉n 畛ng nng
l動畛ng lm m叩t b畉ng n動畛c
14. 02 DATA ANALYSIS
04 Omission Translation Method
Types of NP Total HN DET
+ HN
PRE
+ HN
DET + PRE +
HN
HN + POST DET + HN +
POST
PRE + HN +
POST
DET + PRE +
HN + POST
Frequency 93 0 1 7 10 4 38 9 24
Percentage (100%) 100 0 1.07 7.52 10.57 4.3 40.86 9.68 26
15. 02 DATA ANALYSIS
04 Omission Translation Method
No Types of NPs Noun phrases Target language
1 DET+ HN +
POST
There are presently four radioactive materials
that are suitable for fission by thermal
neutrons
Hi畛n c坦 4 lo畉i v畉t li畛u ph坦ng x畉 r畉t th鱈ch h畛p
cho qu叩 tr狸nh ph但n h畉ch n董tron nhi畛t.
2 DET+ HN Under the much more severe conditions in a
fast reactor, however, even inert UO2 begin to
respond to its environment in a manner that is
often detrimental to fuel performance
Tuy nhi棚n, d動畛i i畛u ki畛n kh畉c nghi畛t c畛a
l嘆 ph畉n 畛ng nhanh, th畉m ch鱈 UO2 tr董 c滴ng
ph畉n 畛ng l畉i v畛i m担i tr動畛ng d畉n 畉n g但y
畉nh h動畛ng b畉t l畛i t畛i hi畛u su畉t nhi棚n li畛u.
3 DET+ HN Lead has advantages of ease of fabrication Ch狸 c坦 動u i畛m d畛 ch畉 t畉o
16. 02 DATA ANALYSIS
05 Paraphrase Translation Method
Types of NP Total HN DET
+ HN
PRE
+ HN
DET + PRE +
HN
HN + POST DET + HN +
POST
PRE + HN +
POST
DET + PRE +
HN + POST
Frequency 20 5 2 1 1 6 3 1 1
Percentage (100%) 100 25 10 5 5 30 15 5 5
17. 02 DATA ANALYSIS
05 Paraphrase Translation Method
No Types of NPs Noun phrases Target language
1 HN Plutonium is an artificial element produced by
the transmutation of 238U. It does exist in a
small amount..
Plutoni l m畛t nguy棚n t畛 nh但n t畉o 動畛c s畉n
xu畉t t畛 s畛 bi畉n 畛i c畛a Urani 畛ng v畛 238.
Nguy棚n t畛 ny t畛n t畉i v畛i s畛 l動畛ng nh畛..
2 HN Thorium dioxide can be prepared by heating
thorium metal or a wide variety of other
thorium compounds in air. It occurs typically as
a fine white powder and is extremely refractory
(hard to melt or work) and resistant to chemical
attack.
Thori dioxit c坦 th畛 動畛c t畉o ra b畉ng .. trong
kh担ng kh鱈. Thori dioxit th動畛ng c坦 d畉ng b畛t
tr畉ng m畛n vch畛u l畛a t畛t (kh坦 tan) v ch畛ng
n m嘆n h坦a h畛c
18. 03 FINDINGS
01 Literal Procedure
The most appropriate choice
A word by word translation
method
A change in function and word
order
It still remains the literal
meaning form SL to TL
19. 03 FINDINGS
01 Literal Procedure
HN
PRE+HN
DET + PRE + HN
DET + PRE + HN + POST
DET + PRE + HN + POST
20. 03 FINDINGS
02 Transposition Procedure
ACHANGEIN
GRAMMATICAL
STRUCTURE
THETL
NATURAL-SL
THE
EXCHANGED
FORMOF
NOUNPHRASE
1 2 3
DET + PRE +
HN + POST
PRE + HN
21. PRE + HN DET + PRE + HN DET + PRE + HN
+ POST
WRONG SITUATION WRONG WAY TO UNDERSTAND
03 FINDINGS
03 Addition Procedure
22. 03 FINDINGS
04 Omission Procedure
Omission
Procedure
DET + PRE +
HEAD NOUN +
POST
DET + HEAD
NOUN + POST
23. 03 FINDINGS
05 Paraphrase Procedure
01 HEAD NOUN
02 DET + HEAD NOUN + POST
03 THE NATURE OF THE ORIGINAL WORDS
04 THE COMBINATION OF MANY TRANSLATION PROCEDURES
