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propagation harvesting planting varieties value addition geographic information system processing remote sensing soil mapping yield special practices production species gps soil pruning training fruits precision farming clones hardwood layering gis landscaping plant peach cashew climate and soil requirements plating coconut pest and diseases arecanut cocoa rubber tapping tea coffee oil palm climate sexual propagation dormancy pre treatments viability shrubs flowering tree foliage tree trees in landscaping cactus cacti succulent xeriscaping palms ferns gardening grapes plantinf physiological disorders banana papaya guava sapota litchi pineapple mango botany morphology fruit types crop discrimination yield monitoring satellite imagery drones fertilizer geospatial technologies geoinformatics global positioning system spatial data management spatial data polygons or pixels crop regulatory practices pollarding root pruning notching micropropagation tissue culture ms medium pollination fruit set fruit drops causes of fruit drops parthenogenesis parthenocarpy plant growth regulators growth flowering and fruiting stress jack fruit division and classification plantation vegetables flowers ornamentals asexual propagation cuttings semihardwood softwood cutting rooting media mistchamber horticulture introduction scope importance origin defenition vegetative propagation cutting air layering grafting budding satellite aerial image working principles gps components issues concept ripening