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Biology and you chapter 1 holt biology

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The document provides an overview of the scientific process and methods. It discusses key aspects of science including making observations, drawing conclusions from evidence, being skeptical and open to new ideas. It also outlines the scientific method, describing steps like developing hypotheses, conducting controlled experiments, analyzing results, and developing theories. Measurement units and safety in the laboratory are also covered.

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Chapter 1
Scientific thought involves: Making observations Using evidence to draw conclusions Being skeptical about ideas Being open to change when new discoveries are made Chapter 1: Section 1-The Nature of Science
Science is governed by truths that are valid everywhere in the universe. Though branches of science address different aspects of the natural world, universal laws apply to all branches of science and every person. Examples: law of gravity, law of conservation of energy Chapter 1: Section 1-The Nature of Science
Ethics are a system of moral principles and values. Scientists performing investigations must: Report only accurate data Allow peers to review their work Behave ethically with people involved in research Chapter 1: Section 1-The Nature of Science
A broad understanding of science can help you: Take better care of your health Be a wiser consumer Become a better informed citizen You can use science to investigate a problem in your community and discover helpful solutions Chapter 1: Section 1-The Nature of Science
Observation The act of noting or perceiving object or events using the senses. Hypothesis A possible explanation that can be tested by observation or experimentation Chapter 1: Section 2-Scientific Methods
Experiment A procedure that is carried out under controlled conditions to test the hypothesis A controlled experiment tests one factor at a time and uses a control group and an experimental group CONTROL GROUP: serves as a standard for comparison in an experiment EXPERIMENTAL GROUP: identical to control group except for one factor that is changed, which is called a variable Chapter 1: Section 2-Scientific Methods
The single factor that scientists change in an experiment is called the independent variable Factors that may change is response to the independent variable are called dependent variables NOTE: Some experiments may not be possible or be ethical to perform. In these cases, researchers perform studies. Chapter 1: Section 2-Scientific Methods
After conducting an experiment, researchers Analyze their results to learn if they support the hypothesis or not Draw conclusions that explain the results of their experiment They then verify their conclusions by repeating their experiment many, many times and by checking to see if other researchers get the same results Every person has his or her own point of view. A particular point of view is called bias. Chapter 1: Section 2-Scientific Methods
THEORY A system of ideas that explains many related observations and is supported by a large body of evidence If the results of a scientific experiment can be reproduced many times, the research may help develop a new theory. Future research may also cause a theory to be revised or rejected. Chapter 1: Section 2-Scientific Methods
Chapter 1: Section 2-Scientific Methods
Measurements taken by scientists are expressed in the International System of Units (SI), which is the official name of the metric system. The International System of Units is used by all Scientists because they need to share a common measurement system. SI is scaled in multiples of 10
SI is a decimal system. All relationships between SI units are based on powers of 10. Most SI units have a prefix that indicates the relationship of that unit to a base unit. Example: kilo- means 1,000. 1kilogram = 1,000 grams (grams is the base unit)
息 HOLT, RINEHART, AND WINSTON, All Rights Reserved
息 HOLT, RINEHART, AND WINSTON, All Rights Reserved
Scientists always: Keep detailed & accurate notes Perform precise measurements Scientists also use specialized tools & techniques Ex. Microscopes, sterile techniques, satellites, etc.
Light Microscope Electron Microscope Transmission Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope Microscope Images
Biology and you chapter 1 holt biology
Transmission Electron Scanning Electron Microscope Microscope
When working in the laboratory, you must use caution to avoid things like: Chemical burns Exposure to radiation Exposure to infectious disease Animal bites Poisonous plants etc. Always follow all guidelines and lab procedures Know where to find and how to use all laboratory safety equipment

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Biology and you chapter 1 holt biology

  • 2. Scientific thought involves: Making observations Using evidence to draw conclusions Being skeptical about ideas Being open to change when new discoveries are made Chapter 1: Section 1-The Nature of Science
  • 3. Science is governed by truths that are valid everywhere in the universe. Though branches of science address different aspects of the natural world, universal laws apply to all branches of science and every person. Examples: law of gravity, law of conservation of energy Chapter 1: Section 1-The Nature of Science
  • 4. Ethics are a system of moral principles and values. Scientists performing investigations must: Report only accurate data Allow peers to review their work Behave ethically with people involved in research Chapter 1: Section 1-The Nature of Science
  • 5. A broad understanding of science can help you: Take better care of your health Be a wiser consumer Become a better informed citizen You can use science to investigate a problem in your community and discover helpful solutions Chapter 1: Section 1-The Nature of Science
  • 6. Observation The act of noting or perceiving object or events using the senses. Hypothesis A possible explanation that can be tested by observation or experimentation Chapter 1: Section 2-Scientific Methods
  • 7. Experiment A procedure that is carried out under controlled conditions to test the hypothesis A controlled experiment tests one factor at a time and uses a control group and an experimental group CONTROL GROUP: serves as a standard for comparison in an experiment EXPERIMENTAL GROUP: identical to control group except for one factor that is changed, which is called a variable Chapter 1: Section 2-Scientific Methods
  • 8. The single factor that scientists change in an experiment is called the independent variable Factors that may change is response to the independent variable are called dependent variables NOTE: Some experiments may not be possible or be ethical to perform. In these cases, researchers perform studies. Chapter 1: Section 2-Scientific Methods
  • 9. After conducting an experiment, researchers Analyze their results to learn if they support the hypothesis or not Draw conclusions that explain the results of their experiment They then verify their conclusions by repeating their experiment many, many times and by checking to see if other researchers get the same results Every person has his or her own point of view. A particular point of view is called bias. Chapter 1: Section 2-Scientific Methods
  • 10. THEORY A system of ideas that explains many related observations and is supported by a large body of evidence If the results of a scientific experiment can be reproduced many times, the research may help develop a new theory. Future research may also cause a theory to be revised or rejected. Chapter 1: Section 2-Scientific Methods
  • 11. Chapter 1: Section 2-Scientific Methods
  • 12. Measurements taken by scientists are expressed in the International System of Units (SI), which is the official name of the metric system. The International System of Units is used by all Scientists because they need to share a common measurement system. SI is scaled in multiples of 10
  • 13. SI is a decimal system. All relationships between SI units are based on powers of 10. Most SI units have a prefix that indicates the relationship of that unit to a base unit. Example: kilo- means 1,000. 1kilogram = 1,000 grams (grams is the base unit)
  • 14. 息 HOLT, RINEHART, AND WINSTON, All Rights Reserved
  • 15. 息 HOLT, RINEHART, AND WINSTON, All Rights Reserved
  • 16. Scientists always: Keep detailed & accurate notes Perform precise measurements Scientists also use specialized tools & techniques Ex. Microscopes, sterile techniques, satellites, etc.
  • 17. Light Microscope Electron Microscope Transmission Electron Microscope Scanning Electron Microscope Microscope Images
  • 19. Transmission Electron Scanning Electron Microscope Microscope
  • 20. When working in the laboratory, you must use caution to avoid things like: Chemical burns Exposure to radiation Exposure to infectious disease Animal bites Poisonous plants etc. Always follow all guidelines and lab procedures Know where to find and how to use all laboratory safety equipment

Editor's Notes

  1. Scientific though involves:*Making Observations- Scientists carefully observe the world around them asking questions about what they observe.*Using evidence to draw conclusions*Being skeptical about ideas - a habit of mind in which a person questions the validity of accepted ideas.*Being open to change when new discoveries are made
  2. Scientific experimentation and discovery can have serious ethical implications. Because of this, scientific investigation require ethical behavior.
  3. Scientists use a critical thinking process that you can use in your everyday life.By applying scientific thinking to a problem, you can help yourself and improve the world around you.
  4. **Most scientific investigations begin with observations that lead to questions.**To answer a question, scientists formulate a hypothesis that leads to a scientific investigation.
  5. Independent variable : what is changedDependent variable: what is measuredScientists analyze changes to the dependent variables in order to understand how the independent variable affects the system they are studying.In a study, researchers gather data about a system by making observations rather than by manipulating independent variables.
  6. Scientists try to prevent bias from affecting their work, but bias can still influence an experimentSources of funding, personal involvement in a product, and other conflicts of interest can affect an experiment.It is wise to view all scientific claims in their context and think critically about them.
  7. The main difference between a theory and a hypothesis is that a hypothesis is a specific, testable prediction for a limited set of conditions and a theory is a general explanation for a broad range of dataBy investigating and challenging theories, scientific understanding grows.
  8. SI is also preferred by scientists because it is scaled in multiples of 10, which makes the system easy to use.
  9. King kilo k 1,000Hector hecto h 100Dives dekada 10Under Unit base u 1 g, m, l, Desks deci d 0.1Causing centi c 0.01Migraines milli m 0.001
  10. Scientists use microscopes to view objects and organisms that are too small to see with the unaided eye.Sterile technique is a method of keeping unwatedmircroorganisms out of a lab in order to minimize the risk of contamination.Scientists can collect data remotely using devices such as satellites. They help scientists conduct research that would not have been possible in the past. **attached to animals, gps, What other tools might a scientist use in the lab? Ask students to come up with a list.Graduated cylinderForcepsBeakerScaleBunsen burnerThermometerComputer (data collection)Petri dishMicroscopes etc
  11. Microscope Images
  12. If something happens while in the laboratory, stay calm, make sure you are safe and that no one else is in danger and inform your teacher.