3. سرطانیهر
مقدمه
1-1پیشگفتار
Major categories of Cancer
(a) Carcinoma - arise from epithelial cells lining internal surfaces of
various organs & from skin epithelium
(b) Sarcoma- arise from mesodermal cells constituting various
connective tissues
(c) Lymphoma, myeloma & leukaemia - arise from cells of bone
marrow & immune systems
3
3
11. DNA
damage to
cells
Abnormal
cell growth
Lesion
Pathological
Evidence
Metastasis Diagnosis Treatment Death
Damage
accumulates
with age and
exposure to
agents e.g.
tobacco.
Average age
of diagnosis
is 70
Few symptoms
in early stages
Screening test
(LDCT) not
generally
available until
2015
Approximately
85% of diagnoses
at a late stage
Early stage –
Surgery and
possible adjuvant
chemo/radiation
Late stage –
palliative and life
extension
CT
PET/CT
Biopsy
MRI
Staging
5 year survival 16.8%
Localized – 54%
Distant – 4%
1-4تشخيص(ادامه)
یهر سرطان
مقدمه
11
18. یهر سرطان
ندردا دخالت یهر سرطان شيوع و زوبرردکه عواملی
4-2ايز نوبر عواملشخص(ادامه)
–سمی هایگاز معرض در گرفتناررق
I. Secondhand Smoke
II. Radon
III. Asbestos
IV. Arsenic
V. Air Pollution and ……
18
19. سرطانیهر
سرطانشيوع و زوبرردکه عواملیدخالت یهرندردا
4-3زوبرمانزعامل با ابطهردرشيوع و
19
Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates Decreasing in the US
19
31. Primary Prevention: States Have Failing Grades
for Most Tobacco Control Measures
Excise Taxes
Smoke Free Air Laws
سرطانیهر
لكنترويپيشگير(ادامه)
31
2014 Tobacco Settlement Payments
$24.9 billion
Aggregate state spending for Tobacco Prevention and Cessation Programs
$462.5 million
E-Cigarette use in Youths more than doubled 2011 to 2012