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Woman position, woman suffrage, truth auto music

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Moira Baker

The document summarizes the social position and oppression of women in the United States from 1848 to 1920. It describes how women had no legal rights, were barred from most professions and colleges, and were expected to conform to the cult of true womanhood. The document then outlines how women resisted these conditions through labor organizing, education reforms, and the women's suffrage movement which culminated in the passage of the 19th amendment in 1920 granting women the right to vote.

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¨DWe hold these truths ¡­ American Women¡¯s Voices of Protest 1848 - 1920
Women¡¯s Social Position ? No right to vote ? No right to her wages or property if married ? Barred from most professions: medicine, law, business, the ministry Howard Zinn, A People¡¯s History of the United States. New York: Perennial, 1980. Chapter 6.
Women¡¯s Social Position ? Barred from most colleges (Oberlin College the exception) ? Unequal wages--1/4-1/2 less than men ? Legally a married woman¡¯s identity was subsumed into her husband¡¯s¡ªshe was ¨Dfemme couvert¡¬ in the eyes of the law Howard Zinn, A People¡¯s History of the United States. New York: Perennial, 1980. Chapter 6.
Middle-Class Women¡¯s Intimate Lives Dominant Ideologies of Womanhood ? The Angel in the House (Victorian Ideology) ? Cult of True Womanhood (U. S. Ideology) ? Ideology of The Two Spheres Female, domestic sphere Male, public sphere ¨DSeparate but equal¡¬--not equal for women Nancy Cott, The Bonds of Womanhood. New Haven: Yale UP, 1977. Chapter 2; Conclusion.
Cult of True Womanhood or Cult of Domesticity ? Woman ¨Dnaturally¡¬ suited only to maternity and domestic duties ? Woman idealized as: Pious Passionless Sexually Pure Submissive Obedient Docile Humble / physically delicate / dependent Patient Long-suffering / Self-Sacrificing Nancy Cott, The Bonds of Womanhood. New Haven: Yale UP, 1977. Chapter 2; Conclusion.
Women¡¯s Resistance ? Working-Class women strike for labor rights (1830s, 40s, 50s) in Lowell, Waltham, and Chicopee, MA. ? Female Labor Reform Association: fought against position as ¨Dslaves to a system of labor¡¬ ? Women led textile workers¡¯ strikes in 1840s, 50s, & 60s Howard Zinn, A People¡¯s History of the United States. New York: Perennial, 1980. Chapter 6.
Women¡¯s Resistance ? Middle-class women enter primary school education (single women only) ? Emma Willard opens first school for girls in Troy, NY, 1821 ? Women fight for admission to medical schools (Harvard refuses) Howard Zinn, A People¡¯s History of the United States. New York: Perennial, 1980. Chapter 6.
Women¡¯s Resistance ? Abolitionist women in the American Anti- Slavery Society begin to fight for women¡¯s rights: Angelina and Sarah Grimke Lucy Stone Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton ? National American Woman Suffrage Association (1890) Carrie Chapman Catt
Seneca Falls Convention ? Seneca Falls, NY, 19-20 July, 1848 ? First National Convention for Women¡¯s Rights in U. S. ? Passed 12 resolutions to address the inequality of women ? One resolution¡ªthe franchise¡ªwas the most controversial Amy Kesselman, et al. Women: Images and Realities. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006. 548.
Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Elizabeth Cady Stanton ? Declaration of Sentiments author ? Presented it at the first Women¡¯s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, NY ¨DWe hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal¡¬ (Amy Kesselman, et al. Women: Images and Realities 548)
Elizabeth Cady Stanton Stanton with two of her eight children Espoused ¨DVoluntary Motherhood¡¬--that is, the right to choose when to have sexual relations, and the right to refuse sexual relations to one¡¯s husband Wrote The Woman¡¯s Bible¡ªa feminist translation and interpretation of Scripture
Lucretia and James Mott
Fredrick Douglas "In this denial of the right to participate in government, not merely the degradation of woman and the perpetuation of a great injustice happens, but the maiming and repudiation of one-half of the moral and intellectual power of the government of the world.¡¬ Seneca Falls Convention, 1848
Sojourner Truth Abolitionist and Women¡¯s Rights Activist c. 1797-1883
Woman position, woman suffrage, truth auto music
? Born enslaved c. 1797 in NY ? ¨DOwned¡¬ by Dutch family ? Parents were Africans who kept the language and traditions of Africa alive in the community ? Sold at auction, aged 9 ? Beaten and raped by this owner until sold again at age 11 ? Sold twice more by 1810 1870 photograph
? Fell in love with an enslaved man at 18 ? Her lover brutally beaten by his ¨Downer¡¬; their love forbidden ? Forced by her ¨Downer¡¬ to marry another enslaved man by whom she had several children ? Escaped from slavery with her daughter in 1826; NY emancipates slaves, 1827 ? In 1843 changed her name to Sojourner Truth and worked for the abolition of slavery ? Speaks at abolitionist and women¡¯s rights gatherings 1870s tintype photo
¨DAin¡¯t I a Woman¡¬¡ªOhio Women¡¯s Rights Convention, 1851
Dominant Gender Ideologies & Female Slavery Truth ¨Ddeconstructs¡¬ these ideologies in ¨DAin¡¯t I a Woman¡¬ (shows internal contradictions) ? Cult of True Womanhood ? Ideology of the Mammy ? Ideology of the Jezebel Deborah Gray White, Ar¡¯nt I a Woman: Female Slaves in the Plantation South. Chapter one.
Woman Suffrage Movement 1848 - 1920 72 Year Struggle to Win the Vote
National Women¡¯s Association ? Next Generation of Suffrage Activists: Alice Paul (Wrote the Equal Rights Amendment¡ªstill not ratified) Lucy Burns Inez Mulholland ? More militant ¨DNew Women¡¬; advocated direct, public actions and demonstrations
Alice Paul
Lucy Burns
Dora Lewis
Mass Demonstration in U. S. Capital Counter-Inaugural Demonstration in Washington, DC¡ªMarch 3, 1913
Women March on Capital Building, Washington, DC
Elizabeth Freeman sets out for Washington on Feb. 17
Women Demand Full Enfranchisement
News Story on Parade Line-Up
Suffragists March on Pennsylvania Ave. with Capital in Background
Police Watch Crowds Gather
Inez Mulholland leads the ¨DIron-Jawed Angels¡¬
Grand Marshall and other organizers gather
Ida B. Wells-Barnett--refused to march at the end of the parade
Mary Church Terrell agreed to march at the end of the parade
Violent Crowd Storms the Parade and Breaks it Up
Hostile Mob Surrounds Ambulance
Women¡¯s Newspaper Claims Victory Despite Violence
Iron-Jawed Angels President Wilson Inaugurated 1913; U. S. enters W W I 1917 Woman Suffrage activists continue picketing the White House ¨DMr. Wilson, when are you going to give us democracy at home?¡¬ Dozens of women arrested, striped naked, beaten, man- handled, illegally detained without counsel, physically restrained and force-fed. ¨DNight of Terror¡¬¡ªNovember 15, 1917, in Occoquan Prison Workhouse, Occoquan, Virginia. Iron-Jawed Angels: March 3, 1913 Iron-Jawed Angels--force-feeding--1917g
¨DWill the Circle Be Unbroken¡¬ Americn Hymn (1907) Chorus: Will that circle be unbroken Bye and bye, Lord, bye and bye? There¡¯s a better home awaiting In the sky, Lord, in the sky Written by Ada Habershon First recorded by renowned Carter Family Widely sung during the 1960s Civil Rights Movement
Works Cited ? ºÝºÝߣs 2 & 3: Howard Zinn, A People¡¯s History of the United States. New York: Perennial, 1980. Chapter 6. ? ºÝºÝߣ 4 & 5: Nancy Cott, The Bonds of Womanhood. New Haven: Yale UP, 1977. Chapter 2; Conclusion. ? ºÝºÝߣs 6 & 7: Howard Zinn, A People¡¯s History of the United States. New York: Perennial, 1980. Chapter 6.
? ºÝºÝߣs 9, 10 & 12: Amy Kesselman, et al. Women: Images and Realities. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006. 548. ? ºÝºÝߣ 11, Image http://susanbanthonyhouse.org/index.php ? ºÝºÝߣ 13, Image http://www1.assumption.edu/whw/old/Swiss helm_Bloomers.html ? ºÝºÝߣ 14 Images http://womenshistory.about.com/od/suffrage pre1848/p/lucretia_mott.htm
? ºÝºÝߣ 15 Image: http://www.frederickdouglass.org/dougla ss_bio.html Text: McMillen, Sally Gregory, Seneca Falls and the Origins of the Women¡¯s Rights Movement. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. 93-94. ? ºÝºÝߣs 17 ¨C 20 Images http://www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/trut- soj.htm Text: The Narrative of Sojourner Truth. Boston, 1850. n.p. http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/tr uth/1850/1850.html#9
? ºÝºÝߣ 21: Deborah Gray White, Ar¡¯nt I a Woman: Female Slaves in the Plantation South. Chapter one. ? ºÝºÝߣs 24-6, Images http://www.alicepaul.org/ ? ºÝºÝߣs 27-40, Images http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/awhhtml/ aw01e/aw01e.html ? Music: Etta James, ¨DAt Last.¡¬ Etta James: The Chess Box. Disc 1. Chess Records, 2000.

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Woman position, woman suffrage, truth auto music

  • 1. ¨DWe hold these truths ¡­ American Women¡¯s Voices of Protest 1848 - 1920
  • 2. Women¡¯s Social Position ? No right to vote ? No right to her wages or property if married ? Barred from most professions: medicine, law, business, the ministry Howard Zinn, A People¡¯s History of the United States. New York: Perennial, 1980. Chapter 6.
  • 3. Women¡¯s Social Position ? Barred from most colleges (Oberlin College the exception) ? Unequal wages--1/4-1/2 less than men ? Legally a married woman¡¯s identity was subsumed into her husband¡¯s¡ªshe was ¨Dfemme couvert¡¬ in the eyes of the law Howard Zinn, A People¡¯s History of the United States. New York: Perennial, 1980. Chapter 6.
  • 4. Middle-Class Women¡¯s Intimate Lives Dominant Ideologies of Womanhood ? The Angel in the House (Victorian Ideology) ? Cult of True Womanhood (U. S. Ideology) ? Ideology of The Two Spheres Female, domestic sphere Male, public sphere ¨DSeparate but equal¡¬--not equal for women Nancy Cott, The Bonds of Womanhood. New Haven: Yale UP, 1977. Chapter 2; Conclusion.
  • 5. Cult of True Womanhood or Cult of Domesticity ? Woman ¨Dnaturally¡¬ suited only to maternity and domestic duties ? Woman idealized as: Pious Passionless Sexually Pure Submissive Obedient Docile Humble / physically delicate / dependent Patient Long-suffering / Self-Sacrificing Nancy Cott, The Bonds of Womanhood. New Haven: Yale UP, 1977. Chapter 2; Conclusion.
  • 6. Women¡¯s Resistance ? Working-Class women strike for labor rights (1830s, 40s, 50s) in Lowell, Waltham, and Chicopee, MA. ? Female Labor Reform Association: fought against position as ¨Dslaves to a system of labor¡¬ ? Women led textile workers¡¯ strikes in 1840s, 50s, & 60s Howard Zinn, A People¡¯s History of the United States. New York: Perennial, 1980. Chapter 6.
  • 7. Women¡¯s Resistance ? Middle-class women enter primary school education (single women only) ? Emma Willard opens first school for girls in Troy, NY, 1821 ? Women fight for admission to medical schools (Harvard refuses) Howard Zinn, A People¡¯s History of the United States. New York: Perennial, 1980. Chapter 6.
  • 8. Women¡¯s Resistance ? Abolitionist women in the American Anti- Slavery Society begin to fight for women¡¯s rights: Angelina and Sarah Grimke Lucy Stone Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton ? National American Woman Suffrage Association (1890) Carrie Chapman Catt
  • 9. Seneca Falls Convention ? Seneca Falls, NY, 19-20 July, 1848 ? First National Convention for Women¡¯s Rights in U. S. ? Passed 12 resolutions to address the inequality of women ? One resolution¡ªthe franchise¡ªwas the most controversial Amy Kesselman, et al. Women: Images and Realities. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006. 548.
  • 11. Elizabeth Cady Stanton ? Declaration of Sentiments author ? Presented it at the first Women¡¯s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, NY ¨DWe hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal¡¬ (Amy Kesselman, et al. Women: Images and Realities 548)
  • 12. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Stanton with two of her eight children Espoused ¨DVoluntary Motherhood¡¬--that is, the right to choose when to have sexual relations, and the right to refuse sexual relations to one¡¯s husband Wrote The Woman¡¯s Bible¡ªa feminist translation and interpretation of Scripture
  • 14. Fredrick Douglas "In this denial of the right to participate in government, not merely the degradation of woman and the perpetuation of a great injustice happens, but the maiming and repudiation of one-half of the moral and intellectual power of the government of the world.¡¬ Seneca Falls Convention, 1848
  • 15. Sojourner Truth Abolitionist and Women¡¯s Rights Activist c. 1797-1883
  • 17. ? Born enslaved c. 1797 in NY ? ¨DOwned¡¬ by Dutch family ? Parents were Africans who kept the language and traditions of Africa alive in the community ? Sold at auction, aged 9 ? Beaten and raped by this owner until sold again at age 11 ? Sold twice more by 1810 1870 photograph
  • 18. ? Fell in love with an enslaved man at 18 ? Her lover brutally beaten by his ¨Downer¡¬; their love forbidden ? Forced by her ¨Downer¡¬ to marry another enslaved man by whom she had several children ? Escaped from slavery with her daughter in 1826; NY emancipates slaves, 1827 ? In 1843 changed her name to Sojourner Truth and worked for the abolition of slavery ? Speaks at abolitionist and women¡¯s rights gatherings 1870s tintype photo
  • 19. ¨DAin¡¯t I a Woman¡¬¡ªOhio Women¡¯s Rights Convention, 1851
  • 20. Dominant Gender Ideologies & Female Slavery Truth ¨Ddeconstructs¡¬ these ideologies in ¨DAin¡¯t I a Woman¡¬ (shows internal contradictions) ? Cult of True Womanhood ? Ideology of the Mammy ? Ideology of the Jezebel Deborah Gray White, Ar¡¯nt I a Woman: Female Slaves in the Plantation South. Chapter one.
  • 21. Woman Suffrage Movement 1848 - 1920 72 Year Struggle to Win the Vote
  • 22. National Women¡¯s Association ? Next Generation of Suffrage Activists: Alice Paul (Wrote the Equal Rights Amendment¡ªstill not ratified) Lucy Burns Inez Mulholland ? More militant ¨DNew Women¡¬; advocated direct, public actions and demonstrations
  • 26. Mass Demonstration in U. S. Capital Counter-Inaugural Demonstration in Washington, DC¡ªMarch 3, 1913
  • 27. Women March on Capital Building, Washington, DC
  • 28. Elizabeth Freeman sets out for Washington on Feb. 17
  • 29. Women Demand Full Enfranchisement
  • 30. News Story on Parade Line-Up
  • 31. Suffragists March on Pennsylvania Ave. with Capital in Background
  • 33. Inez Mulholland leads the ¨DIron-Jawed Angels¡¬
  • 34. Grand Marshall and other organizers gather
  • 35. Ida B. Wells-Barnett--refused to march at the end of the parade
  • 36. Mary Church Terrell agreed to march at the end of the parade
  • 37. Violent Crowd Storms the Parade and Breaks it Up
  • 39. Women¡¯s Newspaper Claims Victory Despite Violence
  • 40. Iron-Jawed Angels President Wilson Inaugurated 1913; U. S. enters W W I 1917 Woman Suffrage activists continue picketing the White House ¨DMr. Wilson, when are you going to give us democracy at home?¡¬ Dozens of women arrested, striped naked, beaten, man- handled, illegally detained without counsel, physically restrained and force-fed. ¨DNight of Terror¡¬¡ªNovember 15, 1917, in Occoquan Prison Workhouse, Occoquan, Virginia. Iron-Jawed Angels: March 3, 1913 Iron-Jawed Angels--force-feeding--1917g
  • 41. ¨DWill the Circle Be Unbroken¡¬ Americn Hymn (1907) Chorus: Will that circle be unbroken Bye and bye, Lord, bye and bye? There¡¯s a better home awaiting In the sky, Lord, in the sky Written by Ada Habershon First recorded by renowned Carter Family Widely sung during the 1960s Civil Rights Movement
  • 42. Works Cited ? ºÝºÝߣs 2 & 3: Howard Zinn, A People¡¯s History of the United States. New York: Perennial, 1980. Chapter 6. ? ºÝºÝߣ 4 & 5: Nancy Cott, The Bonds of Womanhood. New Haven: Yale UP, 1977. Chapter 2; Conclusion. ? ºÝºÝߣs 6 & 7: Howard Zinn, A People¡¯s History of the United States. New York: Perennial, 1980. Chapter 6.
  • 43. ? ºÝºÝߣs 9, 10 & 12: Amy Kesselman, et al. Women: Images and Realities. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006. 548. ? ºÝºÝߣ 11, Image http://susanbanthonyhouse.org/index.php ? ºÝºÝߣ 13, Image http://www1.assumption.edu/whw/old/Swiss helm_Bloomers.html ? ºÝºÝߣ 14 Images http://womenshistory.about.com/od/suffrage pre1848/p/lucretia_mott.htm
  • 44. ? ºÝºÝߣ 15 Image: http://www.frederickdouglass.org/dougla ss_bio.html Text: McMillen, Sally Gregory, Seneca Falls and the Origins of the Women¡¯s Rights Movement. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. 93-94. ? ºÝºÝߣs 17 ¨C 20 Images http://www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/trut- soj.htm Text: The Narrative of Sojourner Truth. Boston, 1850. n.p. http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/tr uth/1850/1850.html#9
  • 45. ? ºÝºÝߣ 21: Deborah Gray White, Ar¡¯nt I a Woman: Female Slaves in the Plantation South. Chapter one. ? ºÝºÝߣs 24-6, Images http://www.alicepaul.org/ ? ºÝºÝߣs 27-40, Images http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/awhhtml/ aw01e/aw01e.html ? Music: Etta James, ¨DAt Last.¡¬ Etta James: The Chess Box. Disc 1. Chess Records, 2000.