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Grammar book

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Matt Poggio

This document provides a summary of key grammar concepts in Spanish including: 1. Present tense conjugations of -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. 2. Stem-changing verbs and irregular yo forms such as saber and conocer. 3. Reflexive verbs and the impersonal "se". 4. Verb conjugations for preterite, imperfect, and future tenses.

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Grammar Book Linares 7 th Period By: Marcelo Poggio
Table Of Contents Page 1-Present(ar,er,ir) Page 2-Stem Changers Page 3-Irregular yo Page 4-Saber vs. Conocer Page 5-Reflexives Page 6-se Impersonal Page 7-Dipthongs Page 8-Verbs like-ger/gir, uir/guir, cer/cir Page 9-hace + _ + que + _ Page 10-Imperfecto
Present(ar,er,ir) Ar: O As A Amos is An 1 Er: o es e emos 辿is en Ir: o es e imos 鱈s en
Stem Changers Combine verbs in the root A. e ie B. e I C. o ue D. u ue Do not combine nosotros nor vosotros
Irregular yo go verbs- Caer, decir, oir, poner, hacer, tener, traer, venir. zco verbs- conocer, producir, conducir, y los dem叩s- ser, estar, ir, ver, saber, dar
Saber vs. Conocer Saber- To know a fact or to know how to do something. yo s辿 nosotros sabemos tu sabes vosotros sab辿is 辿l sabe ellos saben Conocer- To know someone or to be familiar with someone . yo conozco nosotros conocemos tu conoces vosotros conoc辿is 辿l conoce ellos conocen
Reflexives A verb is reflexive when the subject and the object are the same. For Example: I hurt myself When a verb is reflexive, the infinitive ends in "se."
se Impersonal The Impersonal se is used with a third person singular verb. (one, you, people, or they). Used to indicate people in general, not one person. For Example: 多C坦mo se dice rojo en espa単ol? How does one say red in Spanish?
Dipthongs The strong or weak vowels in the word next to each other A, e, o are the strong vowel sounds I, u, y are the weak vowel sounds
Verbs like-ger/gir, uir/guir, cer/cir Ger or Gir change G-J in the yo form. For Example: Exigir (to demand) Exi j o Exiges Exige Exigimos Exig 鱈s Exigen Cer/cir If the verb ends in a vowel add z before the c in the yo form only. If the verd ends in a consonant change the c to a z in the yo form only
hace + _ + que + _ Hago-The only irregular Haces Hace Hacemos Hacen The yo form is the only irregular
Imperfecto 1. What was happening, happened, used to happen. 2. To describe people or things in the past. 3. To describe a state of mind, an opinion, or a feeling in the past. 4. To express the time of day in the past. 5. When describing an action that was in the process of happening. 6. To set the stage, describe, a situation or setting.
Preterite Tense e i aste iste o o amos imos aron ieron
Spock Hacer- hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicieron Ir- fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron Ser- fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron Dar- I, iste, io, imos, ieron Ver- I, iste, io, imos, ieron
Cucaracha Andar anduve e Estar estuv iste Poder pud io Poner pus imos Querrer quis ieron Saber sup Tener tuv Venir vin Conducir conduj Producir produj Traducir traduj Traer traj Decir dij
Snake/Snakey Stem changers & Y changers Snake: dormir Dormi dormimos Dormiste Durmio durmieron Snakeys Leer Lei leimos Leiste Leyo leyeron
Trigger Words Ayer Anoche Anteayer La semana pasada
El Futuro Infinitive & e, as, a, emos, an Add it on end. Vivir -> vivire Ir + a + infinitive
Irregular Futoro Decir-dir-to say haber-habr-there to be [impersonal]; to have [helping verb] Hacer-har-to make,do Poder-podr-to put, place, set
Por Portal- the idea of passing through Portugal- general rather than specific location porever- how long something lasts Porpose- the case of something Import/export- an exchange Im por, pay for me- doing something in place of or instead of someone else Transportation- a mean of transportation
Para Surprise paratay- to whom something is done Parangari- destination Paradoname- to express an opinion Comparason- to contrast or compare Paramedic- to express the idea of a deadline.
Condicional | Futuro Condicional 鱈a 鱈as 鱈a 鱈amos 鱈ais 鱈an Futuro 辿 叩s 叩 emos 辿is 叩n
Preterite | Imperfecto Preterite 辿 aste 坦 amos asteis aron Imperfecto aba abas aba 叩bamos abais aban

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Grammar book

  • 1. Grammar Book Linares 7 th Period By: Marcelo Poggio
  • 2. Table Of Contents Page 1-Present(ar,er,ir) Page 2-Stem Changers Page 3-Irregular yo Page 4-Saber vs. Conocer Page 5-Reflexives Page 6-se Impersonal Page 7-Dipthongs Page 8-Verbs like-ger/gir, uir/guir, cer/cir Page 9-hace + _ + que + _ Page 10-Imperfecto
  • 3. Present(ar,er,ir) Ar: O As A Amos is An 1 Er: o es e emos 辿is en Ir: o es e imos 鱈s en
  • 4. Stem Changers Combine verbs in the root A. e ie B. e I C. o ue D. u ue Do not combine nosotros nor vosotros
  • 5. Irregular yo go verbs- Caer, decir, oir, poner, hacer, tener, traer, venir. zco verbs- conocer, producir, conducir, y los dem叩s- ser, estar, ir, ver, saber, dar
  • 6. Saber vs. Conocer Saber- To know a fact or to know how to do something. yo s辿 nosotros sabemos tu sabes vosotros sab辿is 辿l sabe ellos saben Conocer- To know someone or to be familiar with someone . yo conozco nosotros conocemos tu conoces vosotros conoc辿is 辿l conoce ellos conocen
  • 7. Reflexives A verb is reflexive when the subject and the object are the same. For Example: I hurt myself When a verb is reflexive, the infinitive ends in "se."
  • 8. se Impersonal The Impersonal se is used with a third person singular verb. (one, you, people, or they). Used to indicate people in general, not one person. For Example: 多C坦mo se dice rojo en espa単ol? How does one say red in Spanish?
  • 9. Dipthongs The strong or weak vowels in the word next to each other A, e, o are the strong vowel sounds I, u, y are the weak vowel sounds
  • 10. Verbs like-ger/gir, uir/guir, cer/cir Ger or Gir change G-J in the yo form. For Example: Exigir (to demand) Exi j o Exiges Exige Exigimos Exig 鱈s Exigen Cer/cir If the verb ends in a vowel add z before the c in the yo form only. If the verd ends in a consonant change the c to a z in the yo form only
  • 11. hace + _ + que + _ Hago-The only irregular Haces Hace Hacemos Hacen The yo form is the only irregular
  • 12. Imperfecto 1. What was happening, happened, used to happen. 2. To describe people or things in the past. 3. To describe a state of mind, an opinion, or a feeling in the past. 4. To express the time of day in the past. 5. When describing an action that was in the process of happening. 6. To set the stage, describe, a situation or setting.
  • 13. Preterite Tense e i aste iste o o amos imos aron ieron
  • 14. Spock Hacer- hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicieron Ir- fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron Ser- fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron Dar- I, iste, io, imos, ieron Ver- I, iste, io, imos, ieron
  • 15. Cucaracha Andar anduve e Estar estuv iste Poder pud io Poner pus imos Querrer quis ieron Saber sup Tener tuv Venir vin Conducir conduj Producir produj Traducir traduj Traer traj Decir dij
  • 16. Snake/Snakey Stem changers & Y changers Snake: dormir Dormi dormimos Dormiste Durmio durmieron Snakeys Leer Lei leimos Leiste Leyo leyeron
  • 17. Trigger Words Ayer Anoche Anteayer La semana pasada
  • 18. El Futuro Infinitive & e, as, a, emos, an Add it on end. Vivir -> vivire Ir + a + infinitive
  • 19. Irregular Futoro Decir-dir-to say haber-habr-there to be [impersonal]; to have [helping verb] Hacer-har-to make,do Poder-podr-to put, place, set
  • 20. Por Portal- the idea of passing through Portugal- general rather than specific location porever- how long something lasts Porpose- the case of something Import/export- an exchange Im por, pay for me- doing something in place of or instead of someone else Transportation- a mean of transportation
  • 21. Para Surprise paratay- to whom something is done Parangari- destination Paradoname- to express an opinion Comparason- to contrast or compare Paramedic- to express the idea of a deadline.
  • 22. Condicional | Futuro Condicional 鱈a 鱈as 鱈a 鱈amos 鱈ais 鱈an Futuro 辿 叩s 叩 emos 辿is 叩n
  • 23. Preterite | Imperfecto Preterite 辿 aste 坦 amos asteis aron Imperfecto aba abas aba 叩bamos abais aban