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biology revision igcse cells pre-u a level mitosis dna cell biology enzymes proteins plants variation a2 science ib as level meiosis species diffusion prokaryotes respiration eukaryotes osmosis active transport protein synthesis classification reproduction cambridge darwin ocr taxonomy life processes gcse lac operon genetics infectious disease genes variety of living organisms organelles biodiversity cell division carbohydrates active site lipids water biochemistry molecules exchange and transport dna replication cell cycle haemoglobin ecology microscopy practical education international baccalaureate organ systems organisation cell differentiation lungs alleles phylogeny bacteria ribosomes aorta capillaries valves white blood cells passive immunity lymphocyte immunity phagocyte t-cells cellulose starch selective breeding founder effect anaphase chromosome bases double helix homologous pairs prophase metaphase purines telophase environmental genetic active immunity plasma cells vaccination lifestyle pathogen aqa a2 biology kingdoms protoctists pathogens animals fungi cell (biology) tissues organs fermentation mitochondria ecosystem excretion circulatory system plant transport nervous system hormones communication endocrine cardiac cycle veins arteries heart rate heart disease heart lung disease tuberculosis chronic bronchitis asthma emphysema nucleus rer golgi ser bonding inhibition digestion food tests data disease health mrsgren order phenetic classroom family luca allosteric substrate immobilised competitive cyclins helicase gram-positive capsule murein vector plasmid binary fission cytology gram-negative templates endocytosis cholesterol bilayer sem membranes cytoplasm phospholipid electron transport chain chemiosmosis glycolysis blood groups sex linkage dihybird genotype phenotype apoptosis cancer oncogenes mendel monohybrod codominance ratio autosomes trna genomics mrna ±ð³æó²Ô lead generation intron proteomics natural selection sympatric allopatric ring species binomial phylum clade genus cladistics domain plant asexualreproduction lactic acid ph enzyme viruses ions geotropism tropism phototropism edexcel animal physiology adaptation selection antibiotics genetic comparisons gills blood lymph tissue fluid exchange specialised cells organ tissue growth interphase pmat oxygen dissociation glycogen plant cell energy atp chlorophyll calvin krebs photophosphorylation photosynthesis oilrig nadph nadh saccharides collagen rna saturated bonds nucleic acids teaching life physiology investigation ia internal experiments coursework mrexham assessment conservation evolution superbug speciation