This document discusses major economic and social changes in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the rise of large industrial companies, immigration, urbanization, labor issues, and efforts to address urban problems. It highlights the steel, oil, and banking empires led by businessmen like Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Morgan. Large numbers of immigrants arrived through ports like Ellis Island and Angel Island. Workers faced low pay, long hours, and child labor. Labor unions organized in response. Urbanization increased and cities struggled with problems addressed by settlement houses and advocates like Jane Addams and Mother Cabrini. Public schooling expanded during this time period but schools for black children remained underfunded compared to white schools.
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10. Solving City ProblemsAbove Left: Jane AddamsAbove Center: Hull House in Chicago, IllinoisAbove Right: Mother Cabrini
11. Public Education BeginsThe 3 Rs: Reading, wRiting, aRithmaticBelow: Interior of public school classroom, in Wichita, Kansas. The students are sitting with hands folded on their desks.Above: In the South, African Americans were placed in segregated colored schools which received 2 to 3 times less money than white schools.
