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Nuclear Waste

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This document discusses nuclear and radioactive wastes. It defines radioactivity as the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting particles or electromagnetic rays. There are three main types of radiation: alpha, beta, and gamma. Nuclear waste is produced from nuclear reactors, weapons, medical and research facilities. Nuclear wastes are categorized into very low, low/intermediate, and high level wastes based on their radioactivity. High level waste produces 95% of radiation and consists of elements from spent nuclear fuel. The document outlines sources and management of radioactive wastes and their associated environmental impacts and health risks.

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NUCLEAR AND RADIOACTIVE WASTES BY K.NAVEEN M.Sc., DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, PERIYAR UNIVERSITY, SALEM - 11.
RADIOACTIVITY Process by which an unstable atomic nuleaus lossess energy by emitting ionizing particles or electromagnetic rays during process The different kinds of radiation associated with radioactivity are Alpha radiation Beta radiation Gamma radiation
1/30/2020 AIPHA RADIATION Consists of particles (nuclei of helium atoms) carrying positive charge. Source: Americium metal gives of these radiation so called Alpha Radiation.
1/30/2020 BETA RRADIATION Consists of particles (stream of electrons) carrying negative charge. Source: Strontium-90 soft highly reactive metal gives Beta Radiation.
1/30/2020 GAMMA RADIATION Chargeless electromagnetic radiation with shorter wavelength than electromagnetic radiation. Source: Gamma radiation is often emitted with alpha and beta radiation
1/30/2020 NUCLEAR WASTE Nuclear waste is the radioactive waste, produced by nuclear reactors or left over from research projects, medical uses, and the manufacture of nuclear weapons. Nuclear wastes are composed of a combination of uranium, plutonium,and other radioctive elements such as neptunium, americium ,curium,etc.
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1/30/2020 SOURCES OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE TYPES : Natural Radioactive Waste Artificial Radioactive Waste Majority of wastes originate from nuclear fuel cycle and nuclear weapon processing. As well as naturally occurring radioactive materials.
1/30/2020 THREE MAIN LEVELS OF WASTES Very low level waste, Low and intermediate level waste, High level waste.
1/30/2020 HIGH LEVEL WASTE It contains 95% of radiation Produced by the nuclear power plant (fuel fission from level) Nuclear weapon and testing of them. Uranium milling residues, and waste with greater than specified quantities of elements heavier than uranium Half life time ( greater than 30 years). Most HLW consists of Pu-238,239,240,241,242,Np-237, U-236. Current levels of HLW are increasing about 12,000 metric ton per year.
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1/30/2020 INTERMEDIATE LEVEL WASTE Ion exchange resins and filter materials used to clean water at a nuclear power plant. 7% by volume and 4% of its radiation Dependent on the amount of activity it can be buried in shallow reposities. Not recognised in the United States.
1/30/2020 LOW LEVEL WASTE 90% by volume and 1% of radiation. Medical equipment (containers, cloth, paper,fluids,and equipment which came in contact with radioactive materials) Contaminated hard tools, composition, paint,paint thinner,batteries,piping and other equipment from nuclear power plants and other industries etc. Half life time(less than 30 years).
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1/30/2020 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS It radioactive waste is potentially dangerous because they emit ionizing radiation, which can damage to human health such as : produce mutations and birth defects, and cause cancer. The degree of risk depends upon the level, and type, of radioactivity, with some materials being very hazardous in raw form, and others posing little threat in most circumstances.
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1/30/2020 DISADVANTAGE Nuclear waste is a really dangerous waste because it contains high radiation that can damage human health. It is categorised as high,intermediate,and to level of waste. High level waste produced by the nuclear weapon,and the nuclear power plant. Intermediate level wastes produced by water filter that is used to keep the rods cold. The procedures such as deep disposal for high, and regular disposal for low and intermediate.
1/30/2020 RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA High Efficiency Particulate AIR (HEPA) filters are used to minimise air borne radioactivity. Trombay, Tarapore, Kakrapore, Narora, Hyderabad, and Jaduguda are some of setup of radioactive waste management.
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1/30/2020 HIGH LEVEL WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Nuclear Waste

  • 1. NUCLEAR AND RADIOACTIVE WASTES BY K.NAVEEN M.Sc., DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, PERIYAR UNIVERSITY, SALEM - 11.
  • 2. RADIOACTIVITY Process by which an unstable atomic nuleaus lossess energy by emitting ionizing particles or electromagnetic rays during process The different kinds of radiation associated with radioactivity are Alpha radiation Beta radiation Gamma radiation
  • 3. 1/30/2020 AIPHA RADIATION Consists of particles (nuclei of helium atoms) carrying positive charge. Source: Americium metal gives of these radiation so called Alpha Radiation.
  • 4. 1/30/2020 BETA RRADIATION Consists of particles (stream of electrons) carrying negative charge. Source: Strontium-90 soft highly reactive metal gives Beta Radiation.
  • 5. 1/30/2020 GAMMA RADIATION Chargeless electromagnetic radiation with shorter wavelength than electromagnetic radiation. Source: Gamma radiation is often emitted with alpha and beta radiation
  • 6. 1/30/2020 NUCLEAR WASTE Nuclear waste is the radioactive waste, produced by nuclear reactors or left over from research projects, medical uses, and the manufacture of nuclear weapons. Nuclear wastes are composed of a combination of uranium, plutonium,and other radioctive elements such as neptunium, americium ,curium,etc.
  • 11. 1/30/2020 SOURCES OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE TYPES : Natural Radioactive Waste Artificial Radioactive Waste Majority of wastes originate from nuclear fuel cycle and nuclear weapon processing. As well as naturally occurring radioactive materials.
  • 12. 1/30/2020 THREE MAIN LEVELS OF WASTES Very low level waste, Low and intermediate level waste, High level waste.
  • 13. 1/30/2020 HIGH LEVEL WASTE It contains 95% of radiation Produced by the nuclear power plant (fuel fission from level) Nuclear weapon and testing of them. Uranium milling residues, and waste with greater than specified quantities of elements heavier than uranium Half life time ( greater than 30 years). Most HLW consists of Pu-238,239,240,241,242,Np-237, U-236. Current levels of HLW are increasing about 12,000 metric ton per year.
  • 15. 1/30/2020 INTERMEDIATE LEVEL WASTE Ion exchange resins and filter materials used to clean water at a nuclear power plant. 7% by volume and 4% of its radiation Dependent on the amount of activity it can be buried in shallow reposities. Not recognised in the United States.
  • 16. 1/30/2020 LOW LEVEL WASTE 90% by volume and 1% of radiation. Medical equipment (containers, cloth, paper,fluids,and equipment which came in contact with radioactive materials) Contaminated hard tools, composition, paint,paint thinner,batteries,piping and other equipment from nuclear power plants and other industries etc. Half life time(less than 30 years).
  • 19. 1/30/2020 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS It radioactive waste is potentially dangerous because they emit ionizing radiation, which can damage to human health such as : produce mutations and birth defects, and cause cancer. The degree of risk depends upon the level, and type, of radioactivity, with some materials being very hazardous in raw form, and others posing little threat in most circumstances.
  • 24. 1/30/2020 DISADVANTAGE Nuclear waste is a really dangerous waste because it contains high radiation that can damage human health. It is categorised as high,intermediate,and to level of waste. High level waste produced by the nuclear weapon,and the nuclear power plant. Intermediate level wastes produced by water filter that is used to keep the rods cold. The procedures such as deep disposal for high, and regular disposal for low and intermediate.
  • 25. 1/30/2020 RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA High Efficiency Particulate AIR (HEPA) filters are used to minimise air borne radioactivity. Trombay, Tarapore, Kakrapore, Narora, Hyderabad, and Jaduguda are some of setup of radioactive waste management.