The document discusses an SSRF attack on Amazon EC2 Instance Metadata Service (IMDS) version 1. It describes how IMDSv1 could be accessed from outside the instance by exploiting vulnerabilities in a web application firewall (WAF). The attack allowed accessing credentials of an IAM role that had permissions to an S3 bucket storing personal information. To mitigate such risks, Amazon introduced IMDSv2, which the document then explains can still be bypassed using techniques like the Gopher protocol. It concludes by emphasizing the need for organizations to strengthen defenses against SSRF attacks.