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CLOSE QUARTER BATTLE
〉 Battles that occur at close quarters, such as within a room or
hallway, must be planned and executed with care. Use room
clearing techniques when the tactical situation calls for "room to
room clearing" with enemy combatants and non-combatants. Units
must train, practice, and rehearse the techniques until each team
member operates smoothly. Each operator must understand the
principles of room clearing, such as surprise, speed, and controlled
violence of action.

Surprise
〉 Surprise is the key to a successful assault at close quarters. The
entry team clearing the room must achieve the element of surprise,
if only for seconds, by deceiving, distracting, or startling the enemy.
Sometimes stun grenades are used to achieve the surprise.
Surprise is when your entry is not compromised.

Speed
〉 Speed provides a measure of security to the entry team. Speed
allows the operators to use the first few vital seconds provided by
surprise to their maximum advantage. Speed is moving only as fast
as you can shoot

Violence Of Action
〉 Violence of action eliminates or neutralizes the enemy while giving
the least chance of inflicting friendly casualties. Violence of action is
not limited to the application of firepower only. It involves an
operators mindset of complete domination. Each of the principles of
precision room clearing has a synergistic relationship to the others.
If you don’t combine speed and surprise you can’t have violence of
action

BASIC
〉 Most missions will require using a combination of stealth and
dynamic techniques. Stealth being a slow and quiet approach to the
area to be cleared.
〉 When all are in place and if not compromised, you switch to dynamic
techniques with speed, surprise and violence of action. Room
clearing is generally accomplished using a four man team. Entry
does not always require four operators. If a specific room is too
small or there are less than four operators, the room may be cleared
with less. However, never clear a room with less than two operators
and 1 to provide backup. Choose the entry technique based on the
mission, layout of the room and the teams ability.

BASIC
〉 The terms point of domination refers to the two corners of the room
assigned to the numbers 1 and 2 operators. These points allow the
team to gain control of the objective. Each team member is
assigned a different, but interlocking field of fire / AOR (Area Of
Responsibility). This ensures mutual supporting fires. CQB is
dynamic in nature. When completed with precision, it overwhelms
the enemy and allows the team to move on to the next objective
very quickly. When a room is cleared, the exiting procedure for
leaving the room varies depending on the location of the entry point

Read Systems And No Read Systems
〉 The two different types of entry options are read systems and no
read systems. In no read systems the direction to move in the room
is predetermined. In read systems you have to watch the operator in
front of you and then go to the opposite direction

Predetermined
〉 Some teams use the technique of predesignating which way each
man will move after entering a room. For example. First man always
goes left, the second always goes right, or vice a versa.

The Path Of Least Resistance
〉 When using a doorway as the point of entry, the path of least
resistance is determined initially based on the way the door opens; if
the door opens inward he plans to move away from the hinges. If the
door opens outward, he plans to move toward the hinged side. Upon
entering, the size of the room, enemy situation, and furniture or
other obstacles that hinder or channel movement become factors
that INFLUENCE the number 1 man's direction of movement. The
point of using this technique is to get the first man into the room as
quickly as possible to allow him to clear the "fatal funnel" quickly and
allow the rest of the team to make a smoother entry rather than keep
them bogged up at the fatal funnel.

Immediate Threat
〉 Another method is to allow the first man to pick his direction based
on immediate threat. The partner then takes the opposite side of the
room. This can only be done once the assault has been initiated.

Buttonhook
〉 First operator always make a turn around the doorframe, clearing a
large portion of the room while entering. The second operator then
moves across the doorway and clears the hard corner. If the first
operator sees a threat when he enters he will move to it and the
second operator will take the opposite AOR of the room.

The Stack Up
〉 Once the approach to the room or building is completed, the team
stacks in a single file to ease the flow into the room, parallel to the
outside wall. Muzzle discipline and awareness is vital. The first
operator provides security on the entry point. This point is normally a
door. The second operator provides security to the front of the team.
The number 3 and 4 operator cover opposite threat areas in the
stack, and if none exist the weapon is placed is in ready position.
Operators shut get as close as possible to the operator in front of
him. A support element shut cover the rear of the entry team

STACK UP
〉 When the situation allows, it is important to ensure that each team
member is prepared to enter the entry point to the room before the
assault. This is achieved while in the stack position.
〉 When operator number 4 is ready, he squeezes the shoulder of
operator number 3 with the non firing hand. This action continues up
the line. When the signal reaches operator number 1, he knows that
the rest of the team are ready to follow him into the room. If the team
decides to use a flash grenade the number 2 man shows this
grenade to number 1 man instead of squeezing the shoulder

STACK UP
〉 If someone inside opens the door before this sequence is
completed, the team will immediately enter the room.
〉 If the team uses the technique of predesignating, the operators
stack tight with the weapon oriented in the direction he will move
when he enters the room. If he is to clear to the left, his weapon will
be on the left side of the operator in front of him. This ensures rapid
target acquisition without sweeping his weapon across the body of
the man in front.

BREACHING
〉 A part of room clearing is the ability to gain access quickly to the
rooms to be cleared. Breaching techniques vary based on the type
of construction encountered and the types of munitions available to
the breaching element. Techniques range from simple mechanical
breaching to complex, specialized demolitions. A closed door is
considered locked in all cases when a breacher is present,
assuming the breacher has the means available to defeat the lock.
Once the other team members are stacked, the breacher moves to
the door and breaches it on the signal of operator number 1. The
breacher then steps back in order to clear the path for the team. If
no breaching equipment is available, a quick attempt to open the
door, from the side may be made. If the door is locked, kick it open.
However, this should be the last choice for defeating a locked door.
Kicking generally requires more than one attempt to defeat the lock.
After the first attempt, the breacher's chances of drawing fire
through the door are significantly increased.

ROOM ENTRY
〉 The entire team enters the room as quickly and smoothly as
possible and clears the doorway immediately. If possible the team
moves from a covered or concealed position already in their entry
order. Ideally, the team arrives and passes through the entry point
without having to stop.
〉 The door is the focal point of anyone in the room. It is known as the
fatal funnel , because it focuses attention at the precise point where
the individual team members are the most vulnerable. Moving into
the room quickly reduces the chance anyone will be hit by enemy
fire directed at the doorway. The team may choose to create a
diversion (use a stun-hand grenade) to momentarily distract the
defender while it enters and achieves domination of the room

ROOM ENTRY
〉 On the signal to go, the clearing team moves through the door
quickly and takes up positions inside the room that allow it to
completely dominate the room and eliminate the threat. Team
members stop movement only after they have cleared the door and
reached their designated point of domination. Each member of the
team must know his SECTOR of fire (AOR) and how his sector
overlaps and links with the sectors of the other team members.
Team members do not move to the point of domination and then
engage their targets. They engage targets as they move to their
designated point. However, engagements must not slow movement
to their points of domination. Team members may shoot from as
short a range as 1 to 2 inches. They engage the most immediate
enemy threats first

Examples Of Immediate Threats Are
Enemy Personnel Who Are
〉 Armed and prepared to return fire immediately.
〉 -Blocking movement to the position of domination.
〉 -Within arm's reach of a clearing team member.
〉 -Within 3 to 5 feet of the breach point.

CLEAR A CONNECTED ROOM
〉 Open door:
〉 If the door to the connected room is open, and a threat is identified
in the room, it may be engaged from the cleared room. The team
stacks in preparation for entry into the next room. When the team
leader declares the first room clear, the team will automatically stack
on the entrance to the next room. If the team is spread out in the
room, crossing the doorway would not only place a soldier in the
fatal funnel unnecessarily, it could also mask the cover fire other
team members. Therefore it might be necessary to stack up on both
sides of the doo

Closed door
〉 STANDARD ROOM CLEARING SOP.

CLEAR A FLOOR
〉 When clearing a single floor complex, the principles discussed in
room clearing and connecting room clearing are used. The only
added features are the hallways and an additional teams and
faseline.

CLEAR A STAIRWAY
〉 When multilevel structures are encountered, stairs become an
added obstacle that will require manoeuvre. One of the more
dangerous stair situations that a team is likely to encounter is a
stairway with a turn between floors. Besides the blind spot at the
turn, these stairways often have a loft that overlooks the bottom
portion of the stairway. If the team is ascending, the number 1
soldier (as always) provides security to his direct front. Soldier
number 2 secures the top row of stairs. Soldier number 3 secures
the loft area. If a loft area does not exist, soldier number 3 secures
the top of the second row of stairs. If the team is descending, each
soldier has the same area of responsibility, except that the bottom of
the stairway is secured, as opposed to the top

SPLIT LEVEL CLEARING
〉 Stairs with split level landings that have a space allowing one to see
up through to the top from below should be cleared as follows:
〉 The first operator stands on the first level looking up covering the
space between the stairs as the second operator takes Point and
clears ahead of the Train to the next landing, where he stops and
also takes up an upward cover position. The train moves up the
stairs past the first operator who falls in at the rear. He is now the
last man. He will fall in walking backwards covering the rear. Once
the train reaches the second operators position, the operator in front
of the train takes over the point and moves to the next landing while
the second operator now covers the space above the moving Train.
During movement, the Train always moves close to the wall, under
the staircase, to stay out of sight and enemy-fire. Those covering
the movement must stand in view so that they can see through the
spaces to the top and bottom of the stairs.

INTERNAL STAIRS
〉 Internal Stairs with no gab between the
stairs are normally cleared using a l man
clearance. An operator will clear ahead of
the Train

EXTERNAL STAIRS
〉 External stairs primarily are located on a main
superstructure. The best method for clearing
stairs is with a four man clearance team. The
standard operating procedure is as follows: Left,
right. forward, and back. The number 1 man
always clears left, number 2 man always clears
right. Number 3 man in the stack clears forward.
The number 4 man clears back. This way 360
degrees of security is maintained.

COMMUNICATION
〉 When the room has been dominated,
communication is required between the team
members in order to clear the room quickly and
move on to the next objective. Whether scanning
the room or providing security on possible
threats, the team members cannot shift their
atention around the room to ascertain the
current situation

COMMUNICATION
〉 To solve this problem, the team leader calls for a
status when he determines that no immediate
threat exists. This status or situation report
consists of each clearing operators current
condition and any possible threat in his sector

COMMUNICATION
〉 The number 1 operator states his situation to the rest of
the team. The number 2 operator follows with his report
and so on down the line. The team leader absorbs all
this information and then gives directions based on the
information. The conversation should be at a level that
each team member may hear, but no louder. If operator
number 1 fails to sound off, operator number 2 states his
status. If operator number 1 is down, the team will know
it. If soldier number 1 fails to sound off due to a mental
lapse, he may give a SITREP once the other team
members have given theirs

SECURE UNKNOWNS
〉 The clearing team secures and identifies all
personnel found in a room or building that is
being cleared. Until identified, they approach
non combatants in the same manner as
combatants.

GENERAL RULES
〉 No matter what the room configuration, there are a few
rules that should always be adhered to. These rules
include the following:
〉 Know that it does not matter if the person in front of you
goes the wrong way when entering the room. Just go the
opposite way of the operator in front of you and it will
work out

GENERAL RULES
〉 Enter the room as quickly and smoothly as
possible and do not waste movements.
Remember smooth is fast. The faster each team
member picks up its initial point of aim, the more
difficult it becomes for the defender. Even a
prepared defender can be caught off guard.

GENERAL RULES
〉 Clear (do not stop) the fatal funnel. The number 3 and
number 4 soldiers are especially prone to stopping in the
funnel
〉 Ensure that the doorway is completely cleared before
assuming a final position in the room

NEVER STOP SCANNING
〉 Never stop scanning your SECTOR for targets unless:
〉 You identify a threat in your SECTOR. This threat could be an open
door leading to an uncleared room, a person in the room other than
one of the team members, an obstacle that cannot be cleared
visually from your position, or anything else that you may determine
as a threat. If such a threat exists, provide security for the team by
covering it with your weapon. You are ordered by the team leader to
perform another task

GENERAL RULES
〉 Ensure that if you fall down while entering the
room, you stay down and do not move. Do not
get up until a team member places his hands on
you and lifts you up. If a team member arbitrarily
gets up, he may become an impediment to the
rest of the team's movements. Another
possibility is that he would rise into the path of a
team member's bullet

REHEARSE
〉 Rehearse communication. As stated above,
speed and momentum will make or break this
type of action. Poor communication techniques
will slow your building clearing to a crawl

NEVER CLEAR A ROOM B
〉 Ensure that each team member knows the
PROCEDURES for each position. After the first
room is cleared in a multi room objective, a team
member may find that he is in a different position
in the stack than when the assault started

REHEARSE
〉 The team leader should always attempt to avoid
being the number 1 soldier when entering a
room. This can normally be accomplished, but in
some situations it will be unavoidable

NEVER CLEAR A ROOM BY
YOURSELF
〉 Ensure that you never enter a room alone. Two
personnel are the minimum room-clearing team.
If two soldiers are entering a room (either due to
the size of the room or attrition), they should
assume the number 1 and number 2 soldiers'
positions

WEAPON DISCIPLINE
〉 Ensure that you never flag a fellow team
member. Flagging is defined as pointing your
weapon at or sweeping your weapon across
another team member. Muzzle awareness, at all
times, is imperative

REMEMBER
〉 Move tactically and silently while securing the corridors
to the room to be cleared. Carry only the minimum
amount of equipment.
〉 -Arrive undetected at the entry to the room in the correct
order of entrance and be prepared to enter on a single
command.
〉 -Enter quickly and dominate the room. Move immediately
to positions that allow complete control of the room and
provide unobstructed fields of fire.
〉 -Eliminate the enemy in the room by fast, accurate fire.

REMEMBER
〉 -Gain and maintain immediate control of the situation and all
personnel in the room.
〉 -Confirm whether enemy casualties are wounded or dead. Disarm
and segregate the wounded. Search all enemy casualties. Handcuff
everyone.
〉 -Perform a cursory search of the room. Determine if a detailed
search is required.
〉 -Evacuate all wounded and any friendly dead.
〉 -Mark the room as cleared using a simple, clearly identifiable
marking according to the unit SOP.
〉 -Maintain security and be prepared to react to more enemy contact
at any moment. Do not neglect rear security.

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SWAT TACTICS

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