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Crimean Congo HF

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Ribavirin is the suggested treatment for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), though it is not approved by the FDA. Treatment requires intensive care, but may not be feasible in rural areas or mass casualty situations, which have limited options. CCHF is transmitted by ticks of the Hyalommagenus, Demacentor, and Rhipicephalus genera, with mammals serving as amplifying hosts. The virus is widely distributed across Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Southeastern Europe, as the ticks that carry it have a broad geographic range. Early recognition is key to controlling mortality and transmission of this disease.

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TreatmentSupportive requires intensive care unitNot feasible in certain areasNot feasible in mass casualty eventsLimited treatment optionsRibavirin is suggested treatment30 mg/kg loading dose, followed by 15 mg/kg every 6 hours for 4 days, followed 7.5 mg/kg every 6hours for 6 daysNot approved by the FDAEarly recognition is key for mortality and transmission control
TransmissionHyalommagenusDemacentor genusRhipicephalus genusReservoir + VectorMammals are amplifying hostsAnimal blood and ticks are implicated in transmission.Nosocomial infectionsSudan outbreak
Geographic Distribution of CCHFhttp://www.who.int/csr/disease/crimean_congoHF/Global_CCHFRisk_20080918.png
Vector (tick) and Disease (Lyme)Ixodesscapularis distributionLyme disease Cases
ImportanceMost important disease causing NairovirusOccurs in limited epidemicsFast induced disease with high CFRWidespread and ubiquitous vectorIsolation for bioweapon?
BibliographyAradaib IE, Erickson BR, Mustafa ME, Khristova ML, Saeed NS, Elageb RM, et al. Nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Sudan. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010 May Cleri DJ, Ricketti AJ, Porwancher RB, Ramos-Bonner LS, Vernaleo JR. Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers: Current Status of Endemic Disease and Strategies for Control. Infect. Dis. Dlin. N. Am. 20 (2006) 359-393WHO. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Accessed April 30, 2010. http://www.who.int/csr/disease/crimean_congoHF/Global_CCHFRisk_20080918.png

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Crimean Congo HF

  • 1. TreatmentSupportive requires intensive care unitNot feasible in certain areasNot feasible in mass casualty eventsLimited treatment optionsRibavirin is suggested treatment30 mg/kg loading dose, followed by 15 mg/kg every 6 hours for 4 days, followed 7.5 mg/kg every 6hours for 6 daysNot approved by the FDAEarly recognition is key for mortality and transmission control
  • 2. TransmissionHyalommagenusDemacentor genusRhipicephalus genusReservoir + VectorMammals are amplifying hostsAnimal blood and ticks are implicated in transmission.Nosocomial infectionsSudan outbreak
  • 3. Geographic Distribution of CCHFhttp://www.who.int/csr/disease/crimean_congoHF/Global_CCHFRisk_20080918.png
  • 4. Vector (tick) and Disease (Lyme)Ixodesscapularis distributionLyme disease Cases
  • 5. ImportanceMost important disease causing NairovirusOccurs in limited epidemicsFast induced disease with high CFRWidespread and ubiquitous vectorIsolation for bioweapon?
  • 6. BibliographyAradaib IE, Erickson BR, Mustafa ME, Khristova ML, Saeed NS, Elageb RM, et al. Nosocomial outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Sudan. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010 May Cleri DJ, Ricketti AJ, Porwancher RB, Ramos-Bonner LS, Vernaleo JR. Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers: Current Status of Endemic Disease and Strategies for Control. Infect. Dis. Dlin. N. Am. 20 (2006) 359-393WHO. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever. Accessed April 30, 2010. http://www.who.int/csr/disease/crimean_congoHF/Global_CCHFRisk_20080918.png