Keypad and waves are used to encode and transfer signals and speech. Vowels, consonants, stress, and intonation are elements used in speech. Vowels include a, u, o, i, e. Consonants are classified by place and manner of articulation such as bilabial, dental, and plosive. Ending sounds and stress patterns help distinguish words in English. Stress patterns include two-syllable nouns with stress on the first syllable and two-syllable verbs with stress on the second syllable. Activities are used to practice stress patterns and vowel and consonant sounds.