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Elizabeth Mmatsatsi
Elizabeth Mmatsatsi

The document discusses the composition and layers of the atmosphere. It describes the five main layers - troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere - and some of their key characteristics. The troposphere contains weather and is closest to Earth's surface, while the stratosphere contains the ozone layer. The mesosphere is the coldest layer, and the thermosphere is the hottest despite being thin. The main gases in the atmosphere are nitrogen, oxygen, and trace amounts of other gases like carbon dioxide and water vapor. Solar energy is the driving force behind atmospheric circulation and heating of the Earth.

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THE ATMOSPHERE Elizabeth Makgakga (201203550)
COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Layers of the Atmosphere
Layers of the Atmosphere The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the planet and makes conditions on Earth suitable for living things.
Layers of the Atmosphere Space Exosphere Thermosphere Mesosphere Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) Troposphere (Weather, Life) Earths Surface
Layers of the Atmosphere The troposphere is where all the weather occurs. It is the closest layer to Earths surface. It is the layer we live in.
Layers of the Atmosphere The stratosphere is located directly above the troposphere. This is where the ozone layer is.
Layers of the atmosphere In the Mesosphere: This is the COLDEST layer in the atmosphere. Altitude Temperature
Layers of the atmosphere In the thermosphere: Even though the air is thin in the thermosphere, it is very HOT. Altitude Temperature
Layers of the atmosphere Ionosphere or Termosphere Aurora borealis and aurora australis (Northern and Southern lights) are produced here Exosphere The last layer Very very few air molecules in this layer No clear boundary between this layer and space
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Atmospheric pressure The pressure air exerts on a surface. Where is it higher, at sea level or at the top of a mountain?
Low and high pressure areas
Air moves from high pressures areas to low pressure areas
Climate: is the average weather in a place over many years. While the weather can change in just a few hours, climate takes hundreds, thousands, even millions of years to change.
Factors affecting climate are: Latitude. How far North or South a place is from the equator. Longitude. The East or west position of a point on the Earth卒s surface.
Distance from the sea. Coastal areas have milder weather than inland areas. Ocean currents.
Meteorological instruments Thermometer: measures A the air temperature. BAROMETER: measures air pressure. It tells you whether or not the pressure is rising or falling. A rising barometer means sunny and dry conditions, while a falling barometer means stormy and wet conditions. An Italian scientist named Torricelli built the first barometer in 1643.
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Anemometer measures wind speed. Weather vane/ Wind vane: determines the direction from which the wind is blowing.
Hygrometer measures the water vapor content of air. The humidity. Pluviometer the amount of rain that has fallen over a specific time period.
Atmospheric Gases Nitrogen 78.1% & Oxygen 12.9% These are the two most common gases found in the atmosphere. They can be found throughout all the layers.
Atmospheric Gases Ozone Ozone is a form of oxygen It is only found in the stratosphere
Atmospheric Gases Water Vapor & Carbon Dioxide (CO2) These are important gases for weather conditions. They are found in the troposphere where weather occurs. Trace Gases These gases are unimportant and found in small amounts throughout the layers of the atmosphere. Example: argon
Solar Energy Energy from the Sun is known as Solar Energy. Solar energy is the driving energy source for heating Earth, and circulation in Earths atmosphere.
Solar Energy Some of the Suns energy coming through Earths atmosphere is reflected by gases and/or clouds in the atmosphere.
Solar Energy The land heats up and releases its heat fairly quickly. Water needs to absorb lots of solar energy to warm up. It is the water on Earth that helps to regulate the temperature range of Earths atmosphere.
Solar Energy Solar energy that is absorbed by Earths land and water surfaces is changed to heat that moves/radiates back into the atmosphere (troposphere) where the heat cannot be transmitted through the atmosphere so it is trapped, a process known as the greenhouse effect.
references This presentation is a mashup of three different sources: Jones ,m .(2013).Layers of the atmosphere. http ://www.slideshare.net/CPGroupMike/layers-of-the-atmosphere-14376795?qid=5d4c50a2-01bc-4e14-ac40-58bfd from_search=4 assessed on 07/03/2014 Mihayedo , S. p.(2013).The atmosphere. http://www.slideshare.net/mihayedo/the-atmosphere-1-eso?qid=56e20225-b63c419b-a47c-43c2461d51ba&v=qf1&b=&from_search=3 assessed on 07/03/2014 Mixhlela, G.O.(2013).Layer of the atmosphere. http://www.slideshare.net/mixhiela/layer-of-the-atmosphere?qid=56e20225b63c-419b-a47c-43c2461d51ba&v=qf1&b=&from_search=31 assessed on 07/03/2014

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  • 2. COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
  • 4. Layers of the Atmosphere The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the planet and makes conditions on Earth suitable for living things.
  • 5. Layers of the Atmosphere Space Exosphere Thermosphere Mesosphere Stratosphere (Ozone Layer) Troposphere (Weather, Life) Earths Surface
  • 6. Layers of the Atmosphere The troposphere is where all the weather occurs. It is the closest layer to Earths surface. It is the layer we live in.
  • 7. Layers of the Atmosphere The stratosphere is located directly above the troposphere. This is where the ozone layer is.
  • 8. Layers of the atmosphere In the Mesosphere: This is the COLDEST layer in the atmosphere. Altitude Temperature
  • 9. Layers of the atmosphere In the thermosphere: Even though the air is thin in the thermosphere, it is very HOT. Altitude Temperature
  • 10. Layers of the atmosphere Ionosphere or Termosphere Aurora borealis and aurora australis (Northern and Southern lights) are produced here Exosphere The last layer Very very few air molecules in this layer No clear boundary between this layer and space
  • 13. Atmospheric pressure The pressure air exerts on a surface. Where is it higher, at sea level or at the top of a mountain?
  • 14. Low and high pressure areas
  • 15. Air moves from high pressures areas to low pressure areas
  • 16. Climate: is the average weather in a place over many years. While the weather can change in just a few hours, climate takes hundreds, thousands, even millions of years to change.
  • 17. Factors affecting climate are: Latitude. How far North or South a place is from the equator. Longitude. The East or west position of a point on the Earth卒s surface.
  • 18. Distance from the sea. Coastal areas have milder weather than inland areas. Ocean currents.
  • 19. Meteorological instruments Thermometer: measures A the air temperature. BAROMETER: measures air pressure. It tells you whether or not the pressure is rising or falling. A rising barometer means sunny and dry conditions, while a falling barometer means stormy and wet conditions. An Italian scientist named Torricelli built the first barometer in 1643.
  • 21. Anemometer measures wind speed. Weather vane/ Wind vane: determines the direction from which the wind is blowing.
  • 22. Hygrometer measures the water vapor content of air. The humidity. Pluviometer the amount of rain that has fallen over a specific time period.
  • 23. Atmospheric Gases Nitrogen 78.1% & Oxygen 12.9% These are the two most common gases found in the atmosphere. They can be found throughout all the layers.
  • 24. Atmospheric Gases Ozone Ozone is a form of oxygen It is only found in the stratosphere
  • 25. Atmospheric Gases Water Vapor & Carbon Dioxide (CO2) These are important gases for weather conditions. They are found in the troposphere where weather occurs. Trace Gases These gases are unimportant and found in small amounts throughout the layers of the atmosphere. Example: argon
  • 26. Solar Energy Energy from the Sun is known as Solar Energy. Solar energy is the driving energy source for heating Earth, and circulation in Earths atmosphere.
  • 27. Solar Energy Some of the Suns energy coming through Earths atmosphere is reflected by gases and/or clouds in the atmosphere.
  • 28. Solar Energy The land heats up and releases its heat fairly quickly. Water needs to absorb lots of solar energy to warm up. It is the water on Earth that helps to regulate the temperature range of Earths atmosphere.
  • 29. Solar Energy Solar energy that is absorbed by Earths land and water surfaces is changed to heat that moves/radiates back into the atmosphere (troposphere) where the heat cannot be transmitted through the atmosphere so it is trapped, a process known as the greenhouse effect.
  • 30. references This presentation is a mashup of three different sources: Jones ,m .(2013).Layers of the atmosphere. http ://www.slideshare.net/CPGroupMike/layers-of-the-atmosphere-14376795?qid=5d4c50a2-01bc-4e14-ac40-58bfd from_search=4 assessed on 07/03/2014 Mihayedo , S. p.(2013).The atmosphere. http://www.slideshare.net/mihayedo/the-atmosphere-1-eso?qid=56e20225-b63c419b-a47c-43c2461d51ba&v=qf1&b=&from_search=3 assessed on 07/03/2014 Mixhlela, G.O.(2013).Layer of the atmosphere. http://www.slideshare.net/mixhiela/layer-of-the-atmosphere?qid=56e20225b63c-419b-a47c-43c2461d51ba&v=qf1&b=&from_search=31 assessed on 07/03/2014