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applications rickettsial vaccine whittaekar 5 kingdom cell membrane gram negative cell wall gram positive cell wall prokaryotic cell immunization killed vaccines delayed type live vaccines bacterial vaccines viral vaccines toxoids immediate type immune sera cholera vaccine bcg vaccine polio vaccine small pox vaccine tetanus toxoid indole production methyl red citrate utiliization gram's staining acid fast staining endospore staining flagella staining negative staining mathematical representation of growth flagella taxis pili/fimbriae bacterial spores cavlier-smith classification universal phylogenetic tree fungi morphology cultivation classification of fungi reproduction of fungi immunity cells of immune system organs of immune system antigen antibody types of immunoglobulins precipitation reactions agglutination reactions neutralization reactions elisa ria complement fixation hypersensitivity mitosis meiosis-i meiosis-ii protein engineering genetic modifications site directed mutagenesis casette mutagenesis pcr based mutagenesis cell biology molecular biology history eukaryotic cell endoplasmic reticulum golgi apparatus mitochondria nucleus chloroplast rdna technology enzymes of gene cloning steps involved in genetic engineering restriction endonuclease vectors rdna genetic engineering interferon hepatitis-b bacterial growth curve measurement of growth carl woese temperature ph gaseous requirement cultivation of aerobes cultivation of anaerobes hanging drop method phase contrast fluorescent electron microscopy bright field dark field adsorption covalent bonding cross linking entrapment electrochemical amperometric potentiometric impedimetric voltammetric optical thermometric wearable insulin