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 from LATIN WORD (synthesis, “to put
together”)

 The basic definition of chemical synthesis
is that it is the construction of complex
chemical compounds from simpler ones

 Research purpose
 Industrial purpose
 Consumer useage

 A famous example of successful
chemical synthesis is Taxol, an
anticancer drug isolated from the Pacific
yew tree in the 1960s.

 Construction of carbon skeleton
 Introduction or removal of function
group
 Stable intermediate
 Desired product formation
 Product’s reasonable yield

 Having an effect upon a living organism,
tissue, or cell. Biologically active.
Antibiotic, enzymes, and vitamins are all
bioactive substances.
 These compounds vary widely in
chemical structure and function

 , flavonoids (in cereals, legumes, nuts,
olive oil, vegetables, fruits, tea, and red
wine.)
 Antioxidants (green vegitables)
 Phytoestrogen(soy, but also in flaxseed
oil, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables)
 ETC etc

 FLAVANOIDES:
Flavonoids are benzo-γ-pyrone derivatives
consisting of phenolic and pyran rings and are
classified according to substitutions. The
biological properties of flavonoids are considered
in an evaluation of the medicinal and nutritional
values of these compounds. Certain plants and
spices containing flavonoids have been used for
thousands of years in traditional medicine. The
wide range of biological activities of these
compounds includes antimicrobial, anticancer,
antibacterial, antiviral etc.

 It is a base catalyzed rearrangement. The
substituted o-hydroxy acetophenones on
benzoylation with benzoyl chloride is converted to
esters. Esters undergo rearrangement in the
presence of a base to the diketones, which then
undergo cyclisation to flavones .

 Flavones can be obtained from o-
hydroxyacetophenone which is treated
with benzoic acid anhydride and sodium
benzoate and then subsequently
heated.

Chrysin is a natural flavonoid
 anticancer effects.
 Brain healthprotection;
 Protective effects neuronal cell death
 Helpful forbodybuilding

 for the synthesis of flavonols utilizes Claisen
condensation between benzaldehyde and o-
hydroy acetophenone. Flavanone is obtained on
acidification of condensation product, which on
reaction with isoamyl nitrite and subsequent
hydrolysis gives flavonols.

 • Heart disease. Some research suggests that
eating foods rich in quercetin, such as tea, onions
and apples, can reduce the risk of heart disease-
related death in elderly men.
 • High cholesterol. Short-term use of quercetin
supplements does not seem to lower “bad
cholesterol” (low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
cholesterol), lower total cholesterol, or raise “good
cholesterol” (high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
cholesterol).
 • decrease in blood pressure
 • Lung cancer. Some research suggests that
consuming high amounts of quercetin in the diet
might reduce the chance of developing lung
cancer, especially in men who smoke.

 biological activity or pharmacological activity
describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a
drug on living matter. When a drug is a
complex chemical mixture, this activity is
exerted by the substance's active ingredient or
pharmacophore but can be modified by the
other constituents. Among the various
properties of chemical compounds,
pharmacological/biological activity plays a
crucial role since it suggests uses of the
compounds in the medical applications.
However, chemical compounds may show
some adverse and toxic effects which may
prevent their use in medical practice.

 Benserazide is a peripherally-
acting aromatic L-amino acid
decarboxylase
 BENEFITS AND USES: It is used in the
management of Parkinson's disease. In
Parkinson's disease, a number of cells in
a small part of the brain called the
substantia nigra become damaged and
die

 2,3,4 trihydroxy benzaldehye reacts with
serine hydrazide

 . Its empirical formula is C17H18FN3O3 and
its molecular weight is 331.4 g/mol. It is a
faintly yellowish to light yellow crystalline
substance

 Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum
antibiotic active against both and
Gram-negative bacteria.
 Ciprofloxacin is used to treat a wide
variety of infections, including infections
of bones and joints. Ciprofloxacin only
treats bacterial infections; it does not
treat viral infections such as the common
cold

 The condensation of 2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoyl chloride
(I) with diethyl malonate by means of magnesium
ethoxide in ether gives diethyl 2,4-dichloro-5-
fluorobenzoylmalonate (II), which is partially hydrolyzed
and decarboxylated with p-toluenesulfonic acid water
yielding ethyl 2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoylacetate .
Condensation of this with triethyl orthoformate in refluxing
acetic anhydride affords ethyl 2-(2,4-dichloro-5-
fluorobenzoyl)-3-ethoxyacrylate (III), which is treated with
cyclopropylamine (IV) in ethanol to give ethyl 2-(2,4-
dichloro-5-fluorobenzoyl)-3-cyclopropylaminoacrylate .
The cyclization of ethyl 2-(2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoyl)-3-
cyclopropylaminoacrylate with NaH in refluxing dioxane
yields 7-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-
oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (V), which is finally
condensed with piperazine in hot DMSO to afford the
target compound ciprofloxacin.

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bioactive compounds Synthesis

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bioactive compounds Synthesis