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Styles of printing

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this presentation is going to introduce you to the basic styles of printing which are used in our textile industry.

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STYLES OF PRINTING
TEXTILE PRINTING ? Textile printing is the process of applying colour to fabric in definite patterns or designs. ? In properly printed fabrics the colour is bonded with the fibre, so as to resist washing and friction.
? In printing, wooden blocks, stencils , engraved plates, rollers, or silk screens can be used to place colours on the fabric. ? Colorants used in printing contain dyes thickened to prevent the colour from spreading by capillary attraction beyond the limits of the pattern or design.
? For cotton printing vat and reactive dyes are generally used. ? Silk is usually printed with acid colours. ? Wool is printed with acid or chrome dyes but before printing it is treated with chlorine to make it more receptive to colours. ? Manmade fibres are generally printed with disperse and cationic dyes.
ALL STYLES OF PRINTING ?Direct printing ? Resist printing ? Heat-transfer printing ?Discharge printing ?Mordant printing
DIRECT PRINTING ? It is the most common approach to apply a colour pattern on fabric. ? It can be done on white or a coloured fabric. ? If done on coloured fabric, it is known as overprinting. ? The desired pattern is produced by imprinting dye on the fabric in a paste form. ? To prepare the print paste, a thickening agent is added to a limited amount of water and dye is dissolved in it.
? Earlier corn starch was preferred as a thickening agent for cotton printing. ? Nowadays gums or alginates derived from seaweed are preferred because they are easier to wash out, do not themselves absorb any colour and allow better penetration of colour. ? Most pigment printing is done without thickeners as the mixing up of resins, solvents and water itself produces thickening.
RESIST PRINTING ? In this technique, a resist paste is imprinted on the fabric and then it is dyed. ? The dye affects only those parts that are not covered by the resist paste. ? After dyeing, the resist paste is removed leaving a pattern on a dark background.
HEAT -TRANSFER PRINTING ? The design on a paper is transferred to a fabric by vaporization. ? There are two main processes for this- Dry Heat Transfer Printing and Wet Heat Transfer Printing. ? In Conventional Heat Transfer Printing, an electrically heated cylinder is used that presses a fabric against a printed paper placed on a heat resistant blanket.
? In Infrared Heat Vacuum Transfer Printing, the transfer paper and fabric are passed between infrared heaters and a perforated cylinder which are protected from excessive heat by a shield. ? The Wet Heat Transfer Printing uses heat in a wet atmosphere for vaporizing the dye pattern from paper to fabric.
DISCHARGE PRINTING ? In this approach, the fabric is dyed in piece and then it is printed with a chemical that destroys the colour in the designed areas. ? Sometimes, the base colour is removed and another colour is printed in its place. ? The printed fabric is steamed and then thoroughly washed. ? This approach is on decline these days.
MORDANT PRINTING ? A mordant is a substance used to set dyes on fabrics or tissue sections by forming a coordination complex with the dye which then attaches to the fabric or tissue. ? It may be used for dyeing fabrics, or for intensifying stains in cell or tissue preparations.

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Styles of printing

  • 2. TEXTILE PRINTING ? Textile printing is the process of applying colour to fabric in definite patterns or designs. ? In properly printed fabrics the colour is bonded with the fibre, so as to resist washing and friction.
  • 3. ? In printing, wooden blocks, stencils , engraved plates, rollers, or silk screens can be used to place colours on the fabric. ? Colorants used in printing contain dyes thickened to prevent the colour from spreading by capillary attraction beyond the limits of the pattern or design.
  • 4. ? For cotton printing vat and reactive dyes are generally used. ? Silk is usually printed with acid colours. ? Wool is printed with acid or chrome dyes but before printing it is treated with chlorine to make it more receptive to colours. ? Manmade fibres are generally printed with disperse and cationic dyes.
  • 5. ALL STYLES OF PRINTING ?Direct printing ? Resist printing ? Heat-transfer printing ?Discharge printing ?Mordant printing
  • 6. DIRECT PRINTING ? It is the most common approach to apply a colour pattern on fabric. ? It can be done on white or a coloured fabric. ? If done on coloured fabric, it is known as overprinting. ? The desired pattern is produced by imprinting dye on the fabric in a paste form. ? To prepare the print paste, a thickening agent is added to a limited amount of water and dye is dissolved in it.
  • 7. ? Earlier corn starch was preferred as a thickening agent for cotton printing. ? Nowadays gums or alginates derived from seaweed are preferred because they are easier to wash out, do not themselves absorb any colour and allow better penetration of colour. ? Most pigment printing is done without thickeners as the mixing up of resins, solvents and water itself produces thickening.
  • 8. RESIST PRINTING ? In this technique, a resist paste is imprinted on the fabric and then it is dyed. ? The dye affects only those parts that are not covered by the resist paste. ? After dyeing, the resist paste is removed leaving a pattern on a dark background.
  • 9. HEAT -TRANSFER PRINTING ? The design on a paper is transferred to a fabric by vaporization. ? There are two main processes for this- Dry Heat Transfer Printing and Wet Heat Transfer Printing. ? In Conventional Heat Transfer Printing, an electrically heated cylinder is used that presses a fabric against a printed paper placed on a heat resistant blanket.
  • 10. ? In Infrared Heat Vacuum Transfer Printing, the transfer paper and fabric are passed between infrared heaters and a perforated cylinder which are protected from excessive heat by a shield. ? The Wet Heat Transfer Printing uses heat in a wet atmosphere for vaporizing the dye pattern from paper to fabric.
  • 11. DISCHARGE PRINTING ? In this approach, the fabric is dyed in piece and then it is printed with a chemical that destroys the colour in the designed areas. ? Sometimes, the base colour is removed and another colour is printed in its place. ? The printed fabric is steamed and then thoroughly washed. ? This approach is on decline these days.
  • 12. MORDANT PRINTING ? A mordant is a substance used to set dyes on fabrics or tissue sections by forming a coordination complex with the dye which then attaches to the fabric or tissue. ? It may be used for dyeing fabrics, or for intensifying stains in cell or tissue preparations.