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biology botany life science biochemistry basics of enzymology molecular biology plant physiology zoology microbiology ground meristem phloem fibres apical cell theory graduation vmax km carrier proteins channel proteins ion exchange facilitated diffusion contact exchange. photosynthesis c3 cycle c4 cycle cam cycle photorespirartion dark phase enzyme definition history of enzyme discovery atmospheric pressure theory capillary force theory cohesion theory of dixon & jolly types of transpiration heories for transpiration mechanism of transpiration factors affecting rate of transpiration. cuticular transpiration stomatal transpiration structure of stomata heories of opening & closing of stomata guard cell photosynthesis theory starch hydrolysis theory malate/k+ ion hypothesis mineral nutrition essential minerals non-essential minerals deficiency symptoms of various minerals roles of various minerals in growth of plants donnan equillibrium simple diffusion redifferentiation growth development plasticity in development morphogenesis indefinite or unlimited growth definite or limited growth growth substances (hormones) sigmoid curve of growth lag phase log phase seed dormancy dormant imposed dormancy or quiescence innate dormancy or rest phases of dormancy true dormancy relative dormancy secondary dormancy dormancy due to hard seed coat iub nomenclature of enzyme oxidoreductase hydrolases transferases lyases isomerases ligases/synthtases enzyme commission enzyme number enzyme class enzyme subclass growth and development of plants growth rate growth curve different types and phases of growth arithmetic growth geometric growth growth requirements differentiation dedifferentiation summer squash incomplete dominance dominant blood group sweet pea polar specific heat heat of vaporization latent heat of fusion capillary action universal solvent adhesion 肠辞丑别蝉颈贸苍 surface tension liquid in nature diffusion factor affecting rate of diffusion significance of diffusion in plants osmosis hypotonic solution hypertonic #mutation # types of mutations# #spontaneous mutations types of mutations induced mutations sunita sangwan translation protein synthesis mrna central dogma process of protein synthesis prokaryotes #gene interaction epistasis dominant epistasis recessive epistasis co-dominance complementary gene interaction duplicate gene interaction coat colour in mouse flower colour in bean shepherds purse plant factors affecting absorption of water theories of absorption of water different types of radial water movement in roots active absorption passive absorption symplastiv movement apoplastic movement factors affecting absorption of water soil water ascent of sap ringing experiment balasm stem eosine solution mechanism of ascent of sap theories of ascent of sap vital theories root pressure theory physical theories relay pump theory pulsation theory imbibition theories isotonic solutions endoosmosis exoosmosis potato osmoscope thiesel funnel experiment of osmosis dpd water potential plasmolyses imbibition numericals related to water potential. solute potential osmotic potential pressure potential theories of absorption of water different types of radial water movement in roots active absorption passive absorption osmotic active absorption non-osmotic active absorption symplastic movement of water apoplastic movement of water sclerenchyma. prosenchyma aerenchyma chlorenchyma storage parenchyma idioblast angular collenchyma annular collenchyma plate/ lamellar/ tangential co lacunar or tubular collenchyma fibres xylary fibres extra xylary fibres cortical fibres peri-vascular components of xylem xylem vessels plant water conducting tissue complex permanent tissue b.sc. theories of sam shoot apical meristem theorie tunica and corpus theory mantel and core theory cytohistological zonation bs.c botany bsc. lifescience msc. botany bioscience ram root apical meristem theories of ram histogen theory korper-kappe theory calyptrogen quiescent centre root cap permanent tissue parenchyma collenchyma glandular hairs stinging hairs mucilage glands osmophores nectaries floral nectaries extra-floral nectaries tissue system epidermal tissue system ground tissue system vascular tissue system protoderm procambium stomata epidermal appendages periderm. multilayered epidermis trichomes lithocytes bulliform cells plant anatomy primary phloem protophloem metaphloem sieve elements companion cells parenchyma cells phloem parenchyma phloem fibers sieve tube cells sieve cells sieve plate secretory tissue laticiferous tissue glandular tissue. latex. latex cell latex vessels laticiferous ducts glandular tissue phycobilins principle /blackman鈥檚 law of limiting factors. nomenclature of enzymes discovery of enzymes ec number for enzymes bsc msc plant science ecology physiology cell biology neet enzymes characteristics of enzymes efficiency catalytic protein and colloidal nature. specificity sensitivity activation energy dormancy due to condition of embryo dormancy due to absence of light dormancy due to low temperature water impermeability gas impermeability mechanical resistance rudimentary and poorly developed embryo methods to overcome seed dormancy impaction stratification alternating the temperature it includes significance of photosynthesis absorption action spectra absorption & action spectra factors affecting photosynthesis photosynthetic apparatus position of photosynthetic pigments photosynthetic pigments functions of carotenoids mcqs mcqs for bio entrance exams allosteric enzymes their mechanism of action allosteric inhibition feedback inhibition concerted/symmetry model cell wall primary cell wal cell membrane phospholipid sandwich modal meristematic tissue types of meristematic tissues apical meristem intercalary meristem lateral meristem rib meristem promeristem shoot apical meristem absolute specificity group specifi turn over number enzyme efficiency lock & key mechanism induced fit model active site details. mechanism of enzyme action enzyme kinetics michaelis鈥搈enten equation. maximum velocity initial vilocity substrate concentration inhibition non competitive inhibition uncompetitive inhibition irreversible inhibition of enzymes reversible inhibition enzyme inhibitors enzyme kinectics root hairs