Sp3 grammar book2
- 1. Sol ShepherdSpanish 3 Grammar Book
- 2. Table of Contents Conditional + IrregularsPresent perfectPresent Perfect IrregularsPast PerfectSubjunctive PerfectImpersonal SeSaber vs. Conocer Formal CommandsInformal CommandsNosotros Commands11. DOP + IOP placement12. Subjunctive Trigger Phrases Tan yTanto Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns
- 3. Conditional + IrregularsWould, should, could, must have, probabilityAdd endings to the infinitveÍaíamosÍasíaisÍaíanCaber--- cabrDecir--- dirHaber--- habrHacer--- harPoder--- podrPoner--- pondrQuerer--- querrSaber--- sabrSalir--- saldrTener--- tendrValer--- valdrVenir--- vendr
- 4. Present PerfectTo express or describe actions that happened recently. Use helping verb (haber) with past participle (ar- ado er/ir- ido)He hemos has } + P. participle ha han
- 5. Present Perfect IrregularsAbrir --- abiertoCubrir--- cubiertoDecir--- dichoEscribir--- escritoHacer--- hechoIr--- idoMorir--- muertoPoner--- puestoResolver--- resueltoRomper--- rotoVer--- vistoVolver--- vuelto
- 6. Past PerfectTwo verbs= Main verb and Auxiliary verbHaber + past participleObject pronouns placed before auxiliary verbPast participle and auxiliary verb never separated.He hemoshas } + P. participle hahan
- 7. Subjunctive PerfectUsed when a verb or expression requires the subjunctive in the main clause to be in the present, future, or present perfect
- 8. Impersonal ‘se’Use “se” to avoid specifying a person who is doing the action of the verbSe vendefruta en la fruteriaWhen using “se”, verb is always in 3rd personAqui se hablaespanol“Se” can be used in all tensesSe hizo muchoSe hara muchoSe habia mucho
- 9. Saber ConocerTo know facts, information, how to do somethingPresent: Se sabemossabessabesabenTo know someone, places, literary worksYo goes to –zcoConozcoSaber vsConocer
- 10. Los Mandatos FormalIrregulars:T-tener= tenga/nV-venir= venga/nD-dar=de/n(decir=diga/n)I- Ir= vaya/nS- Ser= Sea/nH- Hacer= Haga/nE- Estar= esté/nS- Saber= sepa/n
- 11. AffirmativeNegativeRegular:Conjugate in tu formDrop the “s”Add pronoun if neededIrregular:Di/Haz/Ve/Pon/Sal/Se/Ten/VenOr put in tu stem changeDrop “s”Regular:Put in yo form Change to opposite vowelAdd an “s”Pronoun before the verbIrregular:TVDISHES add an “s”Or put in yo form Change to opposite vowelAdd an “s”Los MandatosInformales
- 12. Nosotros CommandsEqual to “Let’s + verb” in EnglishChange to yo formAdd opposite vowelAdd the ‘mos’Monos verbs: Object pronouns attach at the end of the affirmative First ‘s’ of the affirmative reflexive is taken off mosnos = monosEX:vámonos/ no vayamos
- 13. DOP + IOP PlacementDOP= lo, la, las, losIOP= me, te, se, nos, os
- 14. Subjunctive + Irregulars W (wishing/Wanting)E (emotions)DD (doubt/disbelief)I (impersonal expressions)N (negation)G (God/grief)Subjunctive made like formal commandsIrregulars: TVDISHESNecesito un verbo especial, dos clausulas, dos sujetosdiferents, la palabraque
- 15. Trigger Phrases
- 16. TanTantoTan… como (as… as) Used with adjectives and adverbsEx:Tan bonita como… Tan deliciosocomo… Tanto… como (as much/ many… as)Used with nouns and verbsEx:Tengo tantodinerocomo mi padreTan yTanto
- 17. Demonstrative Adjectives + PronounsSingular:When used as pronoun add accent (esté)Este/esta= thisEse/esa= thatAquel/aquella= that over therePlural:Estos/estas= theseesos/esas= thoseAquellos/aquellas= those over there