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PREPARED BY
SATYARTH PRAKASH
Email:satyarth1526@gmail.com

 The term ‘communication’ is derived from the Latin
word ‘communis’ which means common.
 Communication may be defined as an exchange of
facts ,ideas, openions or emotions to create mutual
understanding.

 (1) At Least Two Person : At least two person one who
sends the message and the second who receive .
 (2) Mutual Understanding : Its basic purpose is to
create understanding in the mind of the receiver of
message .
 (3) Continuous Process : It is an ongoing process . It is
a regular process .
 (4) Two Way Process : It is a two way because of
needs of reaction or respond .
 (5) Pervasive Function : It is vital on all level of
management .

SENDER MESSAGE
ENCODING
RECEIVER CHANNEL
DECODING

 Sender : person who sends message or ideas.
 Message : what is conveyed by the sender.
 Encoding : transmit the ideas or message.
 Channel : medium or route through which message
or idea is passed.
 Receiver : who is supposed to received the
message.
 Feedback : response or reaction by receiver.

(1) FORMAL
COMMUNICATION
(2) INFORMAL
COMMUNICATION

It refers to interchange of information officially . The
flow of communication is controlled and deliberate
efforts . This makes it possible for the information to
reach the desired place without any hindrance ,at
low cost and in a proper way .
This is also known as “Through Proper Channel Of
Communication .

 (1) DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION
 (2) UPWARD COMMUNICATION
 (3) HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION
 (4) CROSSWISE COMMUNICATION

It is used to issue orders and
instructions to employees .
It refers to the flow of information
from a superior (high level) to a
subordinate .

Orders
Instructions
Policies
Circulars
procedures
rules
Budgets
Newsletter
Lectures
Annual report

 It refers to the flow of communication from
lower levels (subordinates) to higher level
(superiors) .
 Such communication enables the
management to know what is happening
throughout the organization .

Requests
Suggestion
Grievances
Complaints
Proposals
Reports

Horizontal or lateral
communication
implies exchange of ideas and
information among people working
at the same level of authority .

Inter-dependent memos
Inter-personal dialogues
Line and staff parleys
Telephonic conversations
Union management meetings

 It means communication between persons
who are neither in the same department
nor on the same level of organizational
structure . It cuts across departmental
lines.
 It generally takes place when members
can’t communicate effectively through
other channels .

 Informal communication arises out of
all those channels that fall outside the
formal channels and it is also known
as GRAPEVINE . It is established
around the societal affiliation of
members of the organization . It
doesn’t follows the authority line .

Better human relation
Free from barriers
Satisfy social needs
Flexibility
Fill possible gaps

Not authentic
May be distorted
Rise to rumors
Rise to gossips
Mislead people
May more talk less work

It is a pattern of inter-connected
lines.
It determines the rapidity, accuracy
and smoothness with which the
message flow in the organization.

TYPES
• FORMAL COMMUNICATION
NETWORK
(1) Circle network - each person
communicate with two other.

CHAIN NETWORK
• Message flow in a
direct vertical line
FREE FLOW
• Every member allowed to
communicate with all
other

WHEEL
NETWORK
• A number of
subordinate report
to one superior
Y NETWORK
• One central person
communicates with
other

INFORMAL NETWORK
SINGLE STRAND GOSSIP
Y
X
X

Barriers that Affect
Co-Worker Communication
Sender Message Receiver

Types of Barriers
• Semantic Barriers
• Emotional or Psychological Barriers
• Organizational Barriers
• Personal Barriers

• Different language
• Words
• Pictures
• Actions
• Poor vocabulary

Emotional or psychological
barriers.
• Loss in transmission
and retention
• Distrust of
communicator
• Failure to
communicate
• Undue reliance on
written words
• Inattention of the
receiver

Organizational barriers
• Organizational policy
• Organizational rules
and regulations
• Status relationship in
organization
• Structure of the
organization
• Lack of organizational
facilities
• Wrong choice of
channel

• Barriers in superiors
• Attitude of superiors
• Fear of challenge to
authority
• Underestimation of
their subordinates
• Ignoring the junior
• Insistence on
following proper
channel

Objectives
• Communication plays a vital role for the
growth and development of an Individual,
organization and the Nation.
• Effective communication will not be
possible without proper understanding of
the barriers.
• Proper understanding of the barriers is
necessary to avoid the barriers and make
communication effective.

Measures to overcomes the
barriers of communication
• Clarify ideas before communication.
• Communication according to the need of
receiver
• Consult others before communication.
• Ensures proper feed back.
• Be a good listener.
• Beware of language tone and contempt of
message.

References ;
• C.B.Gupta Modern business organization
• John chandler , Heather clark .
Organization and management.
• http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C
ommunication&oldid=626112881
• Jump up ^ Harper, Douglas.
"communication". Online Etymology
Dictionary

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COMMUNICATION

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